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Provides an introduction to the fields of project finance and infrastructure finance, and gives a statistical overview of project-financed investments over the years from 2002 to 2006. Examples of project-financed investments include the $4 billion Chad-Cameroon pipeline, $6 billion Iridium global satellite telecommunications system, $900 million A2 Toll Road in Poland, $1.4 billion Mozal aluminum smelter in Mozambique, and $20 billion Sakhalin II gas field in Russia. Globally, firms financed $328 billion of capital expenditures using project finance in 2006, up from $217 billion in 2001. The use of project finance has grown at a compound rate of 13% over the past 10 years. Focuses primarily on private sector investment in industrial and infrastructure projects, and contains four sections. The first section defines project finance and contrasts it with other well-known financing mechanisms. The second section describes the evolution of project finance from its beginnings in the natural resources industry in the 1970s, to the U.S. power industry in the 1980s, to a much wider range of industry applications and geographic locations in the 1990s, to infrastructure finance in the 2000s. The third section provides a statistical overview of project-financed investment over the last five years (2002 to 2006), and looks at industry, project, and participant specific data. In addition, provides recent data on infrastructure investments and public-private partnerships. The final section discusses current and likely future trends.

Spreadsheet Supplement for case 207107.

Supplements the (A) case.

Contains two parts: Part I contains a list of more than 500 acronyms for official institutions and other project finance terms; Part II contains a description of various interest and debt coverage ratios used in the field of project finance.

Supplements the (A) case.

Supplements the (A) case.

In June 2003, 10 leading international banks adopted new voluntary guidelines, called the Equator Principles, to promote sustainable development in project finance. In recent years, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) had raised issues about the lenders' responsibilities in projects that could harm the environment and/or society. Although many banks had environmental policies in place, a uniform industry standard did not exist. The principles, borrowed from and with the active support of the World Bank's International Finance Corp. (IFC), established guidelines to ensure that banks financed only projects that were "socially responsible and reflected sound environmental management practices." Some NGOs applauded the banks' efforts, others criticized the principles for reasons related to their scope, implementation procedures, and enforcement mechanisms. The Equator banks had to decide what to do next. They could try to recruit more banks (and export credit agencies), develop implementation procedures, or respond to the criticism directly.

Introduces the field of project finance and provides a statistical overview of the project-financed investments over the last five years. Defines project finance and contrasts it with other well-known financing structures. Describes the evolution of project finance, from its beginnings in the natural resources industry in the 1970s to the U.S. power industry in the 1980s and to a much wider range of industry applications and geographic locations in the 1990s and 2000s. Provides a statistical overview of project-financed investments over the last five years (2000-2004), featuring industry, project, and participant data. Also discusses current and likely future trends and provides terminology and institutional details.

Spreadsheet Supplement for case 205065.

In September 2002, Aluminium Bahrain (Alba) needed to decide how to finance its proposed $1.7 billion pot line. The company's financial adviser, Taylor De-Jongh (TDJ), had recommended Alba employ a multisourced financing strategy using as many as five sources of debt from international, regional, and local capital pools. TDJ believed that the strategy would generate competition among the lenders which, in turn, would save Alba millions in financing costs. But the multisourced financing strategy went against the grain of typical project financings in the Middle East and was not without its risks. Alba management must decide how many financing sources to use, which ones, and how much to get from each one. If the market rejects the multisourced financing strategy, the project might become tainted, which could jeopardize Alba's long-term growth objectives.

Spreadsheet to (9-204-083). Download only.

Supplements the (A) case.

In the summer of 2002, the International Rivers Network (IRN), an environmental NGO located in Berkeley, California, was engaged in what appeared to be the last hours of a three year campaign to stop a $582 million dam and hydropower project at Bujagali Falls in Uganda. The final piece of the financing puzzle was about to be put in place as the World Bank was set to approve a $250 million loan guarantee for the project. Although the project would have some adverse environmental and social impacts, IRN contended that the power deal between the government of Uganda and AES was the real problem. As IRN saw it, the cost of the project was too high and Ugandans would bear most of the risk, which would add to the country's debt burden. However, without the power purchase agreement, which remained undisclosed despite requests for it to be made public, IRN had little economic data on the project to bolster its argument. Still, there were compelling reasons, such as economic development and poverty alleviation, for the Ugandan government to go ahead with the deal it had with AES, the project sponsor. AES, with its social mission and reputation for delivering low-cost energy to the world, seemed like the ideal sponsor.

Supplements the (A) case.

In June 1999, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision announced plans to revise the capital standards for banks. The Basel Committee believed that project loans were significantly riskier than corporate loans and, therefore, warranted higher capital charges under the new proposal (known as Basel II). Bankers, fearing that higher capital charges would damage project lending by lowering profits and driving borrowers to nonbank competitors, formed a consortium to oppose the proposal by studying the actual default and loss characteristics of their combined portfolios of project loans. The study showed that project loans were not riskier than corporate loans. Armed with this data, the consortium sent a letter to the Basel Committee in August 2002 urging them to lower the proposed capital charges on project finance loans.

Spreadsheet to (9-203-035). Download only.

Explains why project companies in general and large projects in particular represent an interesting and managerially relevant subset of total capital investment and why they merit academic research and instruction. Serves as an introductory note for the Large-scale Investment course, a case-based course about project finance designed for second-year MBA students. In addition, provides empirical data on project-financed investment as a subset of total capital investment.

Description: This glossary contains a list of almost 1,000 definitions for terms commonly used in the field of project finance.

Spreadsheet to (9-203-024). Download only.