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Spreadsheet Supplement for case 202090.

Steve Papa, CEO of Endeca Technologies, must decide among two term sheets raising the same amount of badly needed money for his young software company. One deal is led by insiders and, is offered at a lower price. It continues a board that has worked very well and shares a common vision. It also is likely to involve a very important potential customer. The second offer comes from a group with which Papa does not have history. Although it carries a higher price, it will change the board structure and also requires that the closing be delayed a week, from September 7, 2001, to September 14. The company has cash only into October so, if anything goes wrong, Papa is unlikely to be able to arrange alternate financing. Discusses which option he should accept.

Bo Feng, cofounder and principal in Chengwei Ventures, one of the first sovereign venture capital firms in China, is trying to decide on the proper business model for hdt, the product of a merger between two portfolio companies. This case discusses the best way for the new company, which designs Web sites and provides customer relationship management and ad-serving software, to prosper in China's changing market.

Supplements the (A) case.

Martin Smith, a recent HBS graduate, has just begun working with a leveraged buyout firm. His first assignment is to evaluate three different deals and make recommendations to the partners. As he studies the deals, he realizes that each has different merits and drawbacks and that his recommendation must take into account not only the specifics of each target company but also the situation of his firm. Also, he must consider the stage of his career and that of the senior partner.

Presents three fictionalized but realistic situations in which a venture capitalist may find himself. One situation requires crisis intervention to quell a dispute between a vice president of sales and a CEO; another poses the problem of working out the composition of a board of directors; and the third examines the problem of dividing stock among founders.

In 2001, CDC Capital Partners is facing the greatest challenge in its 53-year history. Founded as part of the U.K. government's post-war colonial reconstruction, it had operated as a developmental finance institution, largely issuing debt to the world's poorest countries. Now, however, it must transform itself to become a public-private partnership (PPP) dealing in private equity projects, but still restricted to the world's poorest countries. Can CDC succeed?

Apax Partners is considering a complex buyout of a semiconductor manufacturer. The firms must assess in a compressed timeframe the complex technological, financial, and operational risks that the proposed transaction poses.

Dan Slavin, CEO of Framework Technologies, is contemplating a complete restart for his company to erase the impact of its shift in product and business strategy since inception. This case describes the issues he must consider, which include the impact of such a change on the employees and the founder, and whether the costs in terms of his time and the company's morale are worth the benefits of a clean slate for future venture rounds. Also presents the rationale of the venture capital firm for its involvement in a later-stage company that still faces early-stage problems.

Joe Casey (HBS class of 1992) reflects on the path that has led him into a venture career and contemplating his next moves.

Laila Partridge of Intel's Corporate Business Development group has been charged to create a special investment fund to speed the adoption of a new chip architecture. The last architecture upgrade, from 16 to 32 bits, had needed almost a decade to become fully adopted. How can this fund speed the adoption process? How can Partridge structure it to avoid the common tension in corporate venture capital between financial return and strategic goal?

A new associate at a venture capital firm must choose which of three potential investments to recommend to the firm's partners. Each potential investment has strengths and drawbacks.

Silicon Valley Bank, a $4 billion institution in California, has made its reputation by working with venture capitalists in backing start-up companies. In 1999, it is forced to compete with nonbank financial institutions that can give money on better terms and in a market that is driven by momentum rather than fundamental value. What strategy should it use? The larger question: What is the appropriate role of bank financing in private equity?

Provides an overview of the primary securities used in private equity, their structures, and the economic motivation behind their designs.

In August 1998, the partners of Columbia Capital in Arlington, Va. made a decision about whether or not to raise an outside fund for venture capital investing. Columbia had begun in 1988 as a boutique investment bank focused on the telecommunications industry, but had over its history become progressively more involved in making direct private equity investments; from 1994-98, the firm made over $100 million in such investments. Unlike traditional venture capital firms, however, Columbia made these investments entirely with its partners' own personal money.

Securicor Wireless (SWN) sold software products to wireless telephone carriers. The company was incorporated in January of 1995 as a 40%-owned subsidiary of Securicor Telesciences (STI), itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of British security giant Securicor PLC. Just over a year later, in February of 1996, SWN had the opportunity to merge with STI, creating a 70%-owned subsidiary of Securicor PLC and bringing it further under the umbrella of the British conglomerate. In presenting the events leading up to this decision, this case examines the dynamics of starting up a company with a large corporate investor, including the interplay between such a corporate partner and their traditional venture capitalist co-investors. Also touches on issues of corporate culture and differences in attitudes between U.S.-and U.K.-based companies/investors.

In September 1997, John Hansen called together his board to debate an interesting choice that his company had to make. Hansen--the CEO of Metapath Software, a provider of software and services to wireless carriers--had two offers to describe. The first was an offer to be acquired by CellTech Communications, a wireless products company which had only recently gone public. Under the terms of the deal, Metapath's shareholders would at closing receive common stock in CellTech valued at $115 million. CellTech at that time had a market capitalization of approximately $260 million. The second offer was from a consortium of investors led by Robertson & Stephens Omega Fund and Technology Crossover Ventures to buy $11.75 million of stock at a $76 million pre-money valuation. The terms of the preferred stock the funds were proposing to buy were much stricter than the terms of the stock owned by existing shareholders.

Provides an overview of a module that focuses on how private equity funds are raised and structured.

Provides an overview of a module that focuses on the interaction between private equity investors and the firms they finance.

Provides an overview of a module that focuses on existing venture capital and other private equity investments.