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Lufthansa knew it had to do more to become truly data-driven. The airline's data experts were struggling to get everyone behind the company's transformation goals, and data and AI literacy was low. The organization felt that turning all of its leaders into data leaders would be key to its future success. In creating a data leadership program, Lufthansa learned much about the roles that different people play in data-driven change. Its approach has lessons for others facing similar challenges.

To profit from crowdsourcing, organizations can engage in four different approaches: microtasking, information pooling, broadcast search, and open collaboration. This article presents 21 governance mechanisms that can help organizations manage their crowdsourcing platforms. It investigates the effectiveness of these governance mechanisms in 19 case studies and recommends specific configurations of these mechanisms for each of the four crowdsourcing approaches. Also, it offers guidance to organizations that host a crowdsourcing platform by providing recommendations for implementing governance mechanisms into their platforms and building up governance capabilities for crowdsourcing.