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The purpose of this case is for the student to build and evaluate a cash flow analysis of an investment proposal in an IT project. A central issue is the determination of the relevant costs for the analysis. The case also allows for the estimation of cost of capital for the company, which is decidedly less than the hurdle rate dictated for the project. The case provides information about the capital budgeting approval process within the firm and how incentives may not be aligned with shareholders for certain decisions.

This case is based on an actual investment decision made by a major paper-products company, and is primarily designed to be a straightforward exercise in assessing cash flows, cost of capital, and net present value of a capital-investment decision. The case works well for all audiences who are learning the basics of discounted cash flow and investment analysis, including the estimation of relevant cash flows (both cost savings and increased revenues), the effect of taxes on cost savings and revenues, the change in net working capital as a cash flow, and the weighted average cost of capital as the discount rate for the average investment.

Student spreadsheet for case UV0014.

In June 2001, the owners of this small rapidly growing sports promotion firm are assessing the financing implications of their growth plans. Threshold Sports organizes professional cycling races, and holds major race franchises for several large U.S. cities. It seeks to expand quickly the number of events that it manages, eventually to build professional cycling in the United States to a level consistent with Europe. The growth outlook creates a financing need of $500,000. The case presents three financing alternatives: debt, common equity, and convertible preferred stock. The task for the student is to assess the alternatives and make a recommendation. The choice hinges importantly on the estimated value of the firm.

This case introduces students to the concepts of option valuation and asks them to estimate option prices using the Black-Scholes pricing model. It illustrates the importance of volatility to option pricing and allows the introduction of the concept of implied volatility. The case is used most effectively in sequence with "Ito's Delight" (UVA-F-1333) to introduce option-pricing concepts. Different versions of this teaching plan have been successfully used for both MBA and executive-education audiences.

Louise Ito examines option-pricing data from the Wall Street Journal. She wants to make sure that she understands the basic principles behind option pricing and examines whether these prices are consistent with respect to the effects of strike price and maturity. She also computes the intrinsic and the time value for each of the options and compares their relative magnitudes with what theory suggests. This case is taught during the first day in a two-day sequence of teaching the fundamentals of option pricing (second-day case: Ito's Dilemma UVA-F-1283). The teaching note includes a teaching plan of how to effectively teach this case and includes several examples that highlight the determinants of option pricing.

This note takes students step by step through the evaluation of an interest rate swap. It assumes students have a strong grounding in the concepts of forward rates and spot rates.

This case is a relatively straightforward exercise in valuing a potential acquisition target. The case affords students an opportunity to use both discounted cash flow and multiples in their analyses. In addition, at the instructor's discretion, students can do a simple valuation of an option contract and analyze currency choice in a debt issue. The latter two objectives arise if the case is used as an examination. Case Exhibit 1 poses the relevant questions for student preparation.

The student's task is to develop a comprehensive strategy for Briggs & Stratton, which is facing severe competition and margin pressures. A major component of the strategy to be considered is whether to implement economic value added (EVA) as a new performance measurement for management. The case is designed to serve as an introduction to how to compute and use EVA. It emphasizes the importance of performance evaluation as part of a larger strategic plan. A teaching note is available to registered faculty, as well as two video supplements to enhance student learning.

This case serves as an introduction to the concept of economic value added (EVA). The student is placed in the position of Valmont's CFO to decide whether EVA can live up to its promise to motivate managers to act like shareholders and ultimately lead them to make value-enhancing decisions that can reverse Valmont's weak earnings and lackluster stock-price performance. The case works best if students are acquainted with the concepts of cost of capital and net present value. The teaching note that is available for registered faculty explains how to incorporate the accompanying six-minute video supplement. To obtain the video, please contact Darden Business Publishing at +1-800-246-3367 or [email protected].

This case asks the student to compute Procter & Gamble's weighted-average cost of capital to determine whether another company should enter the household-products market; the student must also compute Clorox's cost of capital as a check on the P&G estimate. The case emphasizes the conceptual as well as mechanical aspects of computing cost of capital for a company with homogeneous business risk and stable capital structure.

Delta Beverage is facing severe cost control problems. In addition to the high interest expense, the cost of aluminum cans and PET containers has risen substantially during the past year. Students must decide whether the CFO should hedge aluminum to avoid the risk of violating a loan covenant.

This case provides an opportunity to introduce and apply the pure-expectations theory of interest rates. It also brings out the fundamentals of option pricing by considering the refinancing option embedded in the long-term mortgage alternative. Because of the refinancing option, the spread charged by the bank for the long-term mortgage is too low, which suggests that an arbitrage opportunity is available by constructing a "homemade" interest-rate swap.

Bob O'Connell, CFO of General Motors, is considering a variety of equity alternatives to fund a large shortfall over the next couple of years. His tasks are to map out a financing strategy for the long term and to choose the equity instrument to be issued immediately. Of particular interest to O'Connell is a new security called PERCS (preferred equity redemption cumulative stock).

The senior financial analyst for Kingston-Murray Enterprises, must decide what funding technique to recommend to the company's chief financial officer. The firm's recent discoveries of gold and sulfur reserves have created a need for $500 million in operating cash. Because of the company's low credit rating and high cost of borrowing, senior management has restricted the financing choices to either common stock or convertible bonds. The zero-coupon convertible under consideration is a LYON (liquid-yield option note). Before recommending whether to issue LYONs, the analyst wants to understand fully the details of these subordinate, zero-coupon, callable, putable, convertible notes.

Should South Bank offer a lower rate or more lenient loan terms to compete for a $120 million working-capital facility agreement with a telecommunications corporation? In this case, students are placed in the position of Yousuf Omar, a relationship manager at SouthBank (SB) whose longtime prospect, DSC Communications Corporation, has asked SB to bid as the agent bank on a $120 million working-capital facility. This could be an ideal client given the opportunity for significant credit and other business in the years ahead. To win the bid, however, Omar must be willing to recommend to his superiors that the bank aggressively pursue the deal by offering a lower interest rate or more lenient security and covenants for the loan than its rival bank has offered.

This case allows students' to exercise their abilities in financial forecasting and analysis, and capital projects analysis. It offers a good omnibus review of foundational tools and concepts. In August 1993, a new CEO joins this small manufacturer of compact disks to discover that the firm is in the midst of a financial crisis, induced by rapid growth. The CEO asks an analyst for help with five tasks: (1) review historical performance of the firm; (2) forecast financing requirements for the next two years; (3) exercise the forecasting model to identify key-driver assumptions; (4) estimate Astral's weighted-average cost of capital; and (5) analyze a proposed investment in a packaging machine. The student in the role of the analyst must offer insights and recommendations based on the work.

Because of the regulatory environment in the railroad industry, J&L Railroad's profitability is dependent upon the price of diesel fuel. In this case, the student must decide how much of next year's expected fuel demand should be hedged and how it should be hedged. Hedging alternatives include exchange-traded futures and options as well as commodity swaps, collars, and corridors offered by Continental Bank's Risk Management Group.