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After the events in CashDrop A, Jarrid Tingle and Henri Pierre-Jacques, the founders of Harlem Capital partners, worried that Ruben Flores-Martinez, CashDrop's founder, would take another offer while he waited for them to officially make an offer. HCP traditionally took more time to vet their potential investments, but Tingle and Pierre-Jacques did not want Flores-Martinez to pick another VC while he waited. The case asks if they should adjust their terms to be more competitive.

After the events in CashDrop A, Flores-Martinez received two concrete offers from VC funds for his startup business, CashDrop. This case describes the tensions between the two funds: a traditional VC fund who would offer Flores-Martinez a prestigious platform, and a newer VC that focused on funding more diverse companies. The case asks which Flores-Martinez should choose.

In July 2020, Ruben Flores-Martinez had launched a startup, CashDrop, which provided easy and cheap sales options for small businesses. The COVID-19 pandemic helped CashDrop quickly grow. Flores-Martinez, who had previously sought and been denied venture capital funding, suddenly found CashDrop being pursued by venture capital. The case discusses Flores-Martinez's background as an undocumented immigrant in the United States, his previous business ventures, and his concerns about the influence of venture capital on business. The case also discusses the American and global payment platform landscape.

For decades now, venture capitalists have played a crucial role in the economy by financing high-growth start-ups. While the companies they've backed--Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google, and more--are constantly in the headlines, very little is known about what VCs actually do and how they create value. To pull the curtain back, Paul Gompers of Harvard Business School, Will Gornall of the UBC Sauder School of Business, Steven N. Kaplan of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, and Ilya A. Strebulaev of Stanford Business School conducted what is perhaps the most comprehensive survey of VC firms to date. In this article, they share their findings, offering details on how VCs hunt for deals, assess and winnow down opportunities, add value to portfolio companies, structure agreements with founders, and operate their own firms. These insights into VC practices can be helpful to entrepreneurs who want to raise capital, corporate investment arms that want to emulate venture capitalists' success, and policy makers who seek to build entrepreneurial ecosystems in their communities.

In May 2017, SoftBank announced the official launch of the Vision Fund - which promptly became the largest technology-focused investment fund in the world, with nearly $100 billion in capital under its management. Reports from a few months prior hinted that SoftBank was weighing a billion-dollar investment deal with WeWork, a commercial real estate company that specializes in shared office spaces. The official launch of the fund was proceeded by a series of multi-billion dollar investments in WeWork, eventually bringing the company's post-money valuation to $42 billion. The development of the Vision Fund had key implications for the late-stage venture capital industry. Moreover, Soft Bank's investments in WeWork raise important questions regarding investment decision-making, asset valuation, and issues surrounding corporate governance.

SRS and the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) follows the process by which SRS, a lean maker of remotely-operated submersible vehicles, navigates the DIU's acquisition process. Set up in 2015 to speed the U.S. military's access to promising commercial technologies, the DIU supports U.S. innovation while aiding early-stage ventures in multiple ways: with revenues via prototype agreements, with technology validation for potential investors, and potentially with sizeable production contracts. In 2019, the DIU was looking to augment this effort by investing in pre-prototype startups and commercialization efforts earlier in the technology development cycle, but its limited size and resources begged larger questions of how to build capacity and scale.

Eye-controlled communication device startup EyeControl was founded in Tel Aviv, Israel in 2016 by cofounders with a shared personal connection to locked-in syndrome-a neurological disorder that left sufferers cognitively sound, yet paralyzed, with the exception of eye movement. The team was committed to addressing the frustrations that accompanied the loss of communication associated with the condition. The EyeControl device was reasonably priced, required minimal set-up, and was the first screen-free solution available-thus easy to use around the clock and in any setting, compared with the costly, cumbersome, and complex to use existing solutions. EyeControl initially targeted the home-care segment of permanently locked-in individuals, estimated at more than 850,000 patients worldwide. Seeing the efficacy of their device, the cofounders contemplated targeting the hospital facilities segment, a far larger market. So far, EyeControl had raised $5 million from startup competitions, accelerator awards, grants, and angel and impact investors. Yet they also realized that their cash needs would be far greater if they were to now pursue the facilities market opportunity, requiring them to conduct costly clinical trials. They would have to seek funding outside of grants and impact funds, tapping traditional VC funds who would be interested in the $ 5 billion potential of the facilities market. The cofounders also wondered whether a strategic corporate partner was a potential alternative solution. As they were about to start clinical trials for their facilities product, they were still unsure whether they should start penetrating the facilities market or if they should concentrate all their efforts in the home-care market. Would it be possible to do both?

Researchers have struggled to establish a causal relationship between diversity and financial performance--especially at large companies, where decision rights and incentives can be murky, and the effects of any given choice can be tough to pin down. So the authors chose a "lab rat" with fewer barriers to understanding: the venture capital industry. VC firms are fairly flat: Every investor is a decision maker, and choices have clear business consequences. Using publicly available information, researchers can see how similar or different decision makers are and compare decision quality on the basis of investments' performance. After examining tens of thousands of VC investments, Gompers has found that diversity significantly improves financial performance on measures such as profitable investments at the individual portfolio-company level and overall fund returns. And even though associating with similar people can have social benefits for people who do so, it can lead investors and firms to leave a lot of money on the table. In this article Gompers and Kovvali describe the research and provide recommendations for reaping the business benefits of diversity.

Silkroad -- a cross-cultural music collaboration that world-famous cellist Yo-Yo Ma had spearheaded since 1998, was preparing to celebrate its twentieth anniversary. In parallel, Ma was stepping back from his role as the organization's Artistic Director. Silkroad had come of age, gaining international recognition for its uniquely global music, which blended musical traditions from across the world -- especially Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and America. The Ensemble had also forged strong partnerships with universities, local governments, and civic groups, and developed an array of outreach programs to help people understand and express themselves through music. Ma was confident that there could be no better time to hand over leadership. But the transition was bittersweet: He felt a deep personal connection both to the Ensemble as a whole and to every one of its performers and staff members. And he wondered how reducing his involvement would affect the organization's sustainability.

The experience of being an entrepreneur was a childhood dream for Falguni Nayar. The opportunity to build Nykaa.com, a woman centered business, with a multi brand retail format in the beauty and wellness space , and the fact that she was doing it with her daughter Adwaita ( HBS MBA 2013) made it both exciting and meaningful. Still, she was the founder and with that came control over the most important decisions. While she sought advice from many people, Nykaa, like Adwaita, was her baby. How should she structure the organization and the team to best deliver the results she wanted?

Panoramic Power

This note serves as an overview of the Entrepreneurial Management Unit's required curriculum course, "The Entrepreneurial Manager (TEM)." General management has been a core educational organizing framework at the Harvard Business School since its inception. Today TEM provides a powerful context in which to learn about general management. TEM seeks to build the knowledge, skills, tools, frameworks, and attitudes required to succeed as a manager. These tools and frameworks are built upon the foundation of other RC courses at HBS, including TOM, LEAD, LCA, FRC, MKTG, STRAT, and FIN. With an aim to "educate leaders who make a difference in the world," TEM integrates the lessons of your RC year into an overall framework to help general managers at all types of organizations (e.g., small companies, large companies, non-profits, and public servants) become more effective at enhancing the value of those organizations.