The Canadian biotechnology industry generates nearly $1 billion in revenues annually. This note provides a sense of the key success factors associated with competing in this rapidly-evolving business area, including an exploration of the key sectors of economic activity, current scientific and social issues affecting development of biotechnology-based businesses, the role of clusters in building an infrastructure for biotechnology activity, and the key steps involved in patenting and developing biotechnology-related products. Issues associated with financing biotechnology-based businesses in Canada are also reviewed.