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In response to a recommendation at a government-sponsored power forum, Delhi’s aging and inefficient Rajghat Power House (RPH) was scheduled to close its doors. The coal-based plant had reached the end of its 25-year useful life, and its outdated equipment spewed toxins into Delhi’s air and water on a daily basis. Environmentalist bodies and power-distributing units in Delhi had made similar recommendations for the RPH’s closure over the years, and while the government had gone so far as to approve some of those plans, nothing had ever come of them. With the arrival of the forum’s recommended date of October 2015 for the plant’s closure, Delhi’s government officials faced a difficult decision. Should they ignore the environmental degradation to achieve a high growth rate in the short run, or should they protect the environment to achieve a sustainable growth rate in the long run?

Coal India Limited, the world’s largest coal mining company and India’s largest corporate employer, regularly produced less coal than was both achievable (i.e., it had excess capacity) and needed. As a result, it failed to meet the demand for coal from power utilities and other industries in the country. The Government of India, which had a persistent and large fiscal deficit, held the majority interest in the company. In January 2015, the government wanted to reduce its deficit and improve both the productivity of Coal India Limited and India’s coal supply. Should the government opt to disinvest from Coal India Limited or privatize the company?

Coal India Limited, the world's largest coal mining company and India's largest corporate employer, regularly produced less coal than was both achievable (i.e., it had excess capacity) and needed. As a result, it failed to meet the demand for coal from power utilities and other industries in the country. The Government of India, which had a persistent and large fiscal deficit, held the majority interest in the company. In January 2015, the government wanted to reduce its deficit and improve both the productivity of Coal India Limited and India's coal supply. Should the government opt to disinvest from Coal India Limited or privatize the company?

When General Motors Holden announces its plan to exit from car manufacturing in Australia, Toyota faces a decision dilemma amid losses and adverse business and economic conditions. Should it continue as the country’s sole vehicle manufacturer and wait for business and economic scenarios to change favourably, or should it exit the market? Toyota’s position is assessed by applying microeconomics concepts, including the optimal scale of operation, minimum efficient scale of operation, economies of scale, short-run and long-run cost analyses, concentration ratio and fragmented markets.

The 2013/14 exit announcement by Australian car manufacturers poses a threat to the survival of the country's automotive industry, and the pull-out is expected to have a significant and adverse impact on the Australian economy as a whole. The case highlights the dilemma that government decision-makers often face: Should they provide protection to loss-making industries in order to support domestic employment and economic output, or should they let struggling industries die out to make room for more prosperous economic activities? The case also highlights the dilemma faced by firms within a supply chain when original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) exit: Should the firm follow the OEMs or adopt survival strategies?

The 2013/14 exit announcement by Australian car manufacturers poses a threat to the survival of the country’s automotive industry, and the pull-out is expected to have a significant and adverse impact on the Australian economy as a whole. The case highlights the dilemma that government decision-makers often face: Should they provide protection to loss-making industries in order to support domestic employment and economic output, or should they let struggling industries die out to make room for more prosperous economic activities? The case also highlights the dilemma faced by firms within a supply chain when original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) exit: Should the firm follow the OEMs or adopt survival strategies?

When General Motors Holden announces its plan to exit from car manufacturing in Australia, Toyota faces a decision dilemma amid losses and adverse business and economic conditions. Should it continue as the country's sole vehicle manufacturer and wait for business and economic scenarios to change favourably, or should it exit the market? Toyota's position is assessed by applying microeconomics concepts, including the optimal scale of operation, minimum efficient scale of operation, economies of scale, short-run and long-run cost analyses, concentration ratio and fragmented markets.

Google’s plan to gear up its flight search service in India by allowing users to compare fares and book tickets made other domestic travel portals in India nervous. There were fears that this development might turn out to be discriminative as Google had the dominant share in Internet search service. Fearing a substantial reduction in their share of the search market, these domestic portals had the option of lodging a complaint against Google with the Competition Commission of India.<br><br>Google’s business practices had been challenged and/or come under the scanner of anti-competitive law in many other countries as well. The public in India wondered why Google was involved in such controversies. Why did competing companies fear Google’s business practices? What would be the Competition Commission of India’s stand and how would it help consumers and society in general?

Google's plan to gear up its flight search service in India by allowing users to compare fares and book tickets made other domestic travel portals in India nervous. There were fears that this development might turn out to be discriminative as Google had the dominant share in Internet search service. Fearing a substantial reduction in their share of the search market, these domestic portals had the option of lodging a complaint against Google with the Competition Commission of India.<br><br>Google's business practices had been challenged and/or come under the scanner of anti-competitive law in many other countries as well. The public in India wondered why Google was involved in such controversies. Why did competing companies fear Google's business practices? What would be the Competition Commission of India's stand and how would it help consumers and society in general?

This case highlights the demand and supply factors that caused a sharp rise in onion prices during the period of December 2010 to January 2011. These factors ranged from natural demand and supply forces to manmade forces such as government price interventions in the form of a minimum export price and ceiling price, and a supply shortage that was artificially created by hoarders in anticipation of higher prices in the ensuing period. Government price interventions prevented price mechanisms from clearing the market. Hence, alternative clearing mechanisms such as maintenance of the surplus stock or rationing were used in the onion market. The cost of such alternative clearing mechanisms, however, falls on taxpayers. The case highlights the dilemma faced by policy makers and analysts: whether the government should intervene in the market in the short run by providing subsidies when prices are exorbitantly high, or incur heavy investment expenditures to bring about long-run stability in onion prices.