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The case begins in January 2014, when Brad Parsons, CEO of the NEA Baptist Health System, decided to take advantage of the inauguration of a new hospital to begin a profound organizational transformation. The deployment of a new management system called the Baptist Management System (BMS) to lay the foundations for a patient-centred culture of continuous improvement was launched. A few years earlier, the Baptist Memorial Health Care Corporation (hereinafter, Baptist Corporation) had hired Skip Steward as chief improvement officer. Together Parsons and Steward spearheaded the transformation at NEA Baptist, designated the model site for the entire corporation. The development of the new management system was based partly on systems seen elsewhere (such as at Denver Health) but also, and more importantly, on the reflections of its leaders and their own learning experiences. As Steward said, "Everything is an experiment!" This case explores three major questions: 1) What are the key success factors for the successful deployment of a management system? 2) What skills do the organization's leaders need to guide the transformation and introduce the new management system? 3) How can they ensure the sustainability of that new management system?

The case begins in January 2014, when Brad Parsons, CEO of the NEA Baptist Health System, decided to take advantage of the inauguration of a new hospital to begin a profound organizational transformation. The deployment of a new management system called the Baptist Management System (BMS) to lay the foundations for a patient-centred culture of continuous improvement was launched. A few years earlier, the Baptist Memorial Health Care Corporation (hereinafter, Baptist Corporation) had hired Skip Steward as chief improvement officer. Together Parsons and Steward spearheaded the transformation at NEA Baptist, designated the model site for the entire corporation. The development of the new management system was based partly on systems seen elsewhere (such as at Denver Health) but also, and more importantly, on the reflections of its leaders and their own learning experiences. As Steward said, "Everything is an experiment!" This case explores three major questions: 1) What are the key success factors for the successful deployment of a management system? 2) What skills do the organization's leaders need to guide the transformation and introduce the new management system? 3) How can they ensure the sustainability of that new management system?

This Technical Note provides an introduction to Bayes' Rule and the statistical intuition that stems from it. In this note, we review the concepts that underlie Bayesian statistics, and we offer several simple mathematical examples to illustrate applications of Bayes' Rule. Instructors can assign this note either as a standalone reading to familiarize students with Bayesian statistics or as a supplement to accompany "Adaptive Platform Trials: The Clinical Trial of the Future?" (HBS Case No. 618-025). This case introduces the concept of an adaptive platform clinical trial, in which Bayesian statistical methods are used to expedite the investigation and regulatory approval of promising new therapies, such as cancer treatments.

This case study follows the career of world-renowned orchestra conductor Marin Alsop. As a gay woman in a blatantly male-dominated (and often sexist) field, Alsop faced significant challenges in her rise to the top of the profession. At virtually every turning point on her unconventional path, Alsop received the message that she should not or could not advance - and yet she did, relying on a nuanced mix of perseverance, self-awareness, and willingness to upend the status quo.

This case is designed to support a lively discussion about the relative merits of shareholder vs. stakeholder perspectives in the context of a company that provides a vital public service that has important environmental implications. The 2007 purchase of TXU, the largest utility in Texas, was the largest leveraged buyout in history. Yet, within seven years TXU was bankrupt. TXU (A) examines the spectacular turnaround of TXU from 2004 through 2007, in which shareholders received a tenfold increase in the share price and the CEO was rewarded with nearly $280 million in compensation in four years. But other stakeholders objected to the company's strategy of aggressive price increases and building new coal-fired power plants. Amidst growing pressure from regulators, elected officials, and consumer groups the board decided to sell the company to the private equity firms KKR and TPG. TXU (B) covers the period after the transaction and the reasons for the buy out's failure, including its enormous financial leverage and a "one-way bet" on natural gas prices that exceeded the exposure of any of the world's largest integrated energy companies.

The series of Janet Ames cases follow a fictional alumna of Harvard Business School into her consulting career in Boston. Over the series of cases, Ames is first offered the opportunity to join the board of a Boston-based non-profit organization, which offers students a chance to consider what questions they may have should such an opportunity arise within their first four to five years out of graduate school. Ames does join the board, and in the subsequent cases, questions emerge about whether an organization should have a fundraising screen, succession planning, and fiscal controls. The cases can be taught in a lively single session as each concludes with a discrete choices and opportunity for rich class debate in a realistic and, for some, likely set of personal and professional choices.

The series of Janet Ames cases follow a fictional alumna of Harvard Business School into her consulting career in Boston. Over the series of cases, Ames is first offered the opportunity to join the board of a Boston-based non-profit organization, which offers students a chance to consider what questions they may have should such an opportunity arise within their first four to five years out of graduate school. Ames does join the board, and in the subsequent cases, questions emerge about whether an organization should have a fundraising screen, succession planning, and fiscal controls. The cases can be taught in a lively single session as each concludes with a discrete choices and opportunity for rich class debate in a realistic and, for some, likely set of personal and professional choices.

The series of Janet Ames cases follow a fictional alumna of Harvard Business School into her consulting career in Boston. Over the series of cases, Ames is first offered the opportunity to join the board of a Boston-based non-profit organization, which offers students a chance to consider what questions they may have should such an opportunity arise within their first four to five years out of graduate school. Ames does join the board, and in the subsequent cases, questions emerge about whether an organization should have a fundraising screen, succession planning, and fiscal controls. The cases can be taught in a lively single session as each concludes with a discrete choices and opportunity for rich class debate in a realistic and, for some, likely set of personal and professional choices.

Ray White is an Australian real estate business that has been owned and operated by the White family for four generations. The business has expanded and prospered. However, as the industry faces new challenges and opportunities, how should the White family respond? This case also describes how the company has dealt with the COVID-19 crisis.

This research note provides an understanding of income inequity, which is a component of broader income inequality. It begins by describing the difference between inequality and inequity before examining inequity within the workplace. Using the firm as the unit of analysis, the note discusses possible causes of inequity and the challenges of identifying and measuring inequity. It concludes by focusing on attempts to address inequity and discussing academic research that examines the impact of addressing inequity.

TJX Companies reported a CEO pay ratio of 1,596-to-1 in 2019, leaving board chair Carol Meyrowitz with a host of questions about whether, and how, she could take action to address concerns raised by having one of the highest pay ratios in the S&P 500. As a retail company, TJX had 270,000 employees, many making about $10 an hour. On the other hand, CEO Ernie Hermann made $19 million in 2019 as he successfully steered the company through the tumultuous retail environment. Meant to be read in tandem with the research note "Income Inequity and Income Inequality," this case examines the current disclosures companies make related to income inequality and asks whether they are sufficient or how they can be improved. This discussion around disclosure also provides opportunities to examine the role of the firm in creating income inequality and how the firm should balance its obligations to shareholders and employees when those obligations may be in conflict. Lastly, the case and note address the CEO pay setting process to give students an understanding of how pay is determined.

After 15 years of steady growth and expansion, Edita, a leading Egyptian snack producer, faced a series of challenges in the wake of the Arab Spring. In January 2011, the Egyptian Revolution sparked political and economic turmoil that reflected the waves of protest and violence already spreading throughout North Africa and parts of the Middle East. Hani Berzi, CEO of Edita, managed to navigate the company through this period, though the severe devaluation of the Egyptian pound in November 2016 meant yet another period of crisis for the country's economy and, with it, the snack food industry. Hani was faced with a series of hard decisions that would determine Edita's future. He held a crisis management meeting with his executive team and on the agenda were two key decisions. Should they increase their prices as a short-term strategy to survive the turbulent period at the risk of losing market share? Should Edita aim to diversify risk by tapping into underserved rural areas in Egypt or rather by expanding its presence in regional markets? Or, should the company adopt some combination of both strategies, or neither, and instead devise another course for addressing the crisis?

Unilever is making strides to integrate the operations of Mae Terra-one of Brazil's leading brands for packaged organic foods-into its own structures, after acquiring the company in 2017. Mae Terra's CEO, Alexandre Borges, must decide whether to implement his original plan as written into the purchase and sales agreement to create an advisory board to help ensure that the company maintain its mission, values and practices as part of a volume-driven multinational like Unilever- and, if so, how the board will operate and who its members will be. Some executives believe that such a board is not necessary given Unilever's own culture and commitments.

The case concerns the sale of Mae Terra, one of Brazil's leading brands for packaged organic foods, to the consumer goods giant Unilever in 2017. Working with Unilever management, Mae Terra's CEO Alexandre Borges must determine whether and how to keep Mae Terra's B Certification, which attests to its commitment to having a positive social and environmental impact, and what internal governance mechanisms will enable MaeTerra to maintain its mission, values, and practices even as it is integrated into a large volume-driven multinational whose governance follows standard listed company principles.

A newly appointed hospital CEO must decide how aggressively she should pursue a sexual harassment accusation against a long-time senior hospital executive, who was also a rival for the CEO position.