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Hugo Chavez often pointed to Simon Bolivar as the model for his political philosophy, centered on Bolivar's vision of a unified and independent Latin America. In 1998, Chavez ran in the presidential election, on a platform that opposed what he termed the savage neoliberalism of the 1990s. Chavez's speeches in the presidential election campaign emphasized the importance of national sovereignty and economic justice. As president, Chavez passed a new Hydrocarbons Law to enhance the share oil revenue that would be owed to the government; he created a new government-owned bank; he introduced a radical land reform law; and he encouraged takeovers by the government and employees of privately-owned factories. Venezuela sold oil to Cuba at reduced prices in return for professionals, especially doctors who created health missions in many low-income areas. Chavez sought to foment socialist anti-American revolutions throughout Latin America. In the context of this socialist agenda, analysts expected that Venezuela's economy would experience serious challenges in the coming years. The combination of high inflation, fiscal pressure, and slow growth would be a boiling political cauldron in which violent opposition could ferment.

The case presents the dilemma of Mr. Bhattacharya, the principal of Chandrabala Modi Academy, a three year old co-educational school, having classes up to grade VIII, located in the city of Ankleshwar in the industrial belt of Western India, in responding to a request made by a senior official of the Police Department and President of Rotary Club. He was informed by them that the menace of drug abuse in the city was increasing and how the children of the school might get affected. They had explored the possibility of the school initiating a campaign to educate the local community and the school children, against drugs. Mr. Bhattacharya wondered if the school could organise an activity that engaged the children in swimming across the river Narmada. This could draw the attention of the local community towards the issue. Such an event might also infuse a spirit of adventure among the children and build a positive image for the school. However, crossing the river involved considerable risk as children's lives could be at stake. Police authorities and the Rotary club had offered to support the event. However the consent of the school management, and of the parents whose children would be participating in the river crossing, needed to be taken.

Teleflex Canada, a division of Teleflex Inc., manufactures a range of products, including marine hydraulic steering systems, trim components for marine propulsion, heating equipment for the truck and bus industries, a range of proprietary fluid controls, and field cookstoves for the U.S. Army. Within Teleflex Canada, there was a consensus that continual innovation in product design, manufacturing, and marketing was critical to the success of the organization. In 2005, Teleflex Canada executives were faced with various questions: Would size inhibit the ability to innovate? Would increased corporate centralization at Teleflex Inc. impact Teleflex Canada's ability to respond to new market opportunities? At the Teleflex Inc. corporate level, different questions were being asked: Could the culture of innovation in Teleflex Canada be transferred to other parts of the company? What was the appropriate level of corporate support and control necessary to foster innovation and high performance at Teleflex Canada and at other Teleflex business units?

The materials manager at the Wilkins plant in California is surprised to find out that an auditor's report recommends a second annual physical inventory count. He has concerns about the level of the inventory that was conducted, knows changes are needed, and must decide what alternatives to consider. Explores the difficulties of managing inventory as well as typical problems that occur in growing businesses.

High-definition televisions (HDTVs) should, by now, be a huge success. Philips, Sony, and Thompson invested billions of dollars to develop TV sets with astonishing picture quality. From a technology perspective, they've succeeded: Console manufacturers have been ready for the mass market since the early 1990s. Yet, the category has been an unmitigated failure because critical complements such as studio production equipment were not developed or adopted in time. Underperforming complements have left console producers in the position of offering a Ferrari in a world without gasoline or highways--an admirable engineering feat, but not one that creates value for customers. The HDTV story exemplifies the promise and peril of innovation ecosystems--the collaborative arrangements through which firms combine their individual offers into a coherent, customer-facing solution. When they work, innovation ecosystems allow companies to create value that no one firm could have created alone. The benefits of these systems are real. But for many organizations, the attempt at ecosystem innovation has been a costly failure. This is because, along with new opportunities, innovation ecosystems also present a new set of risks that can brutally derail a firm's best efforts. Innovation ecosystems are characterized by three fundamental types of risk: initiative risks--the familiar uncertainties of managing a project; interdependence risks--the uncertainties of coordinating with complementary innovators; and integration risks--the uncertainties presented by the adoption process across the value chain. Firms that assess ecosystem risks holistically and systematically will be able to establish more realistic expectations, develop a more refined set of environmental contingencies, and arrive at a more robust innovation strategy. Collectively, these actions will lead to more effective implementation and more profitable innovation.

No matter how hard companies try, their approaches to innovation often don't grow the top line in the sustained, profitable way investors expect. For many companies, there's a huge difference between what's in their business plans and the market's expectations for growth (as reflected in firms' share prices, market capitalizations, and P/E ratios). This growth gap springs from the fact that companies are pouring money into their insular R&D labs instead of working to understand what the customer wants and using that understanding to drive innovation. As a result, even companies that spend the most on R&D remain starved for both customer innovation and market-capitalization growth. In this article, the authors spell out a systematic approach to innovation that continuously fuels sustained, profitable growth. They call this approach customer-centric innovation, or CCI. At the heart of CCI is a rigorous customer R&D process that helps companies to continually improve their understanding of who their customers are and what they need. By so doing, they consistently create or improve their customer value proposition. Customer R&D also focuses on better ways of communicating value propositions and delivering the complete experience to real customers. Because so much of the learning about customers and so much of the experimentation with different segmentations, value propositions, and delivery mechanisms involve the people who regularly deal with customers, it is essential for frontline employees to be at the center of the CCI process. Simply put, customer R&D propels the innovation effort away from headquarters and the traditional R&D lab out to those closest to the customer. Using the example of the luggage manufacturer Tumi, the authors provide a step-by-step approach for achieving true customer-centric innovation.

In the wake of a series of gross corporate abuses around the turn of the century, Congress passed Sarbanes-Oxley, which was intended to make corporate governance more rigorous, financial practices more transparent, and management criminally liable for lapses. The first year of implementation was costly and onerous, far more so than companies had been led to expect. In the view of a few open-minded firms, however, the second year of compliance turned out to be not only less costly and less onerous (as doing something for the second time usually turns out to be), but a source of valuable insights into operations, which management has translated into improved efficiencies and cost savings. The areas of improvement go well beyond technical statutory compliance. They include a strengthened control environment; more reliable documentation; increased audit committee involvement; better, less burdensome compliance with other statutory regimes; more standardized processes for IT and other functions; reduced complexity of organizational processes; better internal controls within partner companies; and more effective use of both automated and manual controls. The result is not only shareholder protection, the official purpose of the act, but also enhanced shareholder value. More than a year since the first deadline arrived, Sarbanes-Oxley still inspires fear--of enforcement actions, of the stock market's reaction to a deficiency, and of personal liability. Fear can be a powerful generator of upstanding conduct. But businesses run on discovering and creating value. Companies need to start viewing Sarbanes-Oxley as an ally in that effort.

Outlines the four primary public policy objectives underlying the U.S. laws regulating business in the early 21st century: to promote economic growth; to protect workers; to promote consumer welfare, and to promote public welfare. Other major economic powers tend to have laws that promote these same objectives, albeit with varying degrees of emphasis on the different objectives and varying ways of promoting them.

Explains the construct of strategic compliance management (SCM) and asserts that managers and their firms can perform more effectively, that is, create or capture more value or better manage risk, when they comply with applicable laws, search for innovation opportunities created by regulation and deregulation, and proactively anticipate future regulation.

Involves the decision by the CEO of EMC Corp. whether to acquire VMware, a small software firm in California that makes virtualization software. Among the factors to be considered are a pending patent case involving WMare and Microsoft and integration challenges associated with EMC's decision to spend $3 billion to acquire two other software firms based in California. Also, raises the issues about deal protection devices.

Managers at Norway's Hydro are wondering whether or not an economically viable business case can be made to commercialize a wind-hydrogen solution. The company has successfully installed a wind-hydrogen renewable energy system as a research and development project on the 200-person remote island of Utsira. Now, they are considering two early markets to which to sell the idea: remote island communities or grid power balancing for grid operators with a high reliance on wind power. Introduces current trends in renewable energy and looks at the threats, opportunities, and business drivers in launching a new project. Analyzes the priorities of the company by looking at economic, social, and environmental objectives.

Managers at Norway's Hydro are wondering whether or not an economically viable business case can be made to commercialize a wind-hydrogen solution. The company has successfully installed a wind-hydrogen renewable energy system as a research and development project on the 200 person remote island of Utsira. Now, they are considering two early markets to which to sell the idea: remote island communities or grid power balancing for grid operators with high reliance on wind power. Students will be introduced to current trends in renewable energy and will look at the threats and opportunities and business drivers in launching a new project. Students will analyse the priorities of the company by looking at economic, social and environmental objectives.

Braun is developing a new top shaver that it hopes will reverse its declining market share in mens' shavers. At the same time, another team has been developing a highly innovative automatic cleaning device that could dramatically differentiate the new shaver from the competition's offerings. At issue is whether to "marry" the two projects, with the goal of creating a revolutionary, break-through product. That carries risks, however: the cleaning device is so far from ready that it could delay the launch of the new shaver until the critical window of opportunity has passed. Why not introduce the new shaver on its own, leaving the cleaning device as an optional accessory? The debate generates questions about product strategy, new product design and development, and market analysis.

An abstract is not available for this product.

Citigroup had become too complex for investors to understand, and so share values stagnated. Furthermore, over the period 2000 to 2005, many divisions within Citigroup were charged with illegal or unethical behavior. It seemed that Citigroup had simply become too large and complex for central management to prevent inappropriate decisions on the part of various groups scattered throughout the world. It appeared that Citigroup needed a new corporate culture to guide globally decentralized decision-making. Meanwhile, Citigroup undertook a substantial expansion in China. However, many other giant financial institutions were also expanding in China, intensifying competition. By 2006, analysts throughout the world were becoming increasingly concerned about the possibility of rapid inflation in China, and the government of China shared this concern.

Alberta Theatre Projects (ATP) was a performing arts non-profit organization. It enjoyed a strong brand recognition as a socially liberal organization in a community with strong conservative values. With funding from the Alberta Performing Arts Stabilization Fund, ATP had paid down its accumulated deficit and expected to emerge from debt in 1999. However, in the 1998/99 season it lost over $400,000. By later 1999, ATP's accumulated deficit reached $600,000, including $300,000 owed to Canada's tax collection authority, Revenue Canada. Cash flow statements showed that ATP would be bankrupt by the spring of 2000 unless it could raise $1 million. There were concerns that ATP may not even meet its payroll obligations in the meantime.

St. Michael's Hospital examines the merger of two hospitals, their medical staff and more importantly the merger of the boards of directors of the former Wellesley Hospital (a secular hospital) with St. Michael's Hospital (a religious hospital owned by the Sisters of St. Joseph). Key integration questions include: the purpose of board member selection, accountability, responsiveness to competing stakeholder groups and leadership.

Strategic risk management is an increasing concern for both boards and senior executives. Many recent business failures are due to senior level misjudgment and mismanagement of risk, the consequences of which can range from embarrassment to serious setback to bankruptcy. Ineffective risk management puts otherwise strong business models in jeopardy. Presents CLASS (Culture, Leadership, Alignment, Systems, and Structure), an integrated, five-element model of corporate governance. Identifies how attending to the elements in this framework supports development of an integrated and robust approach to corporate risk and helps senior executives anticipate and handle the complexities of risk inherent in meeting strategic objectives.

An abstract is not available for this product.

Hexcel's new CEO is faced with deciding how to "take out" $60 million in cash costs in fiscal 2002, as two of the company's end markets--electronics and commercial aerospace--are expected to decline precipitously. Options include closing plants, exiting a business, or undertaking a major headcount reduction. Includes a description of Hexcel's private equity relationship with Goldman Sach's Capital Partners and presents the financial challenges of renegotiating bank lending covenants and managing maturing debt. Focuses on selecting a turnaround approach from the point of view of a general manager (the CEO).