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Carlos Ghosn, a former executive vice president of Renault, became the COO of Nissan Motor Co., a troubled auto company in Japan when Renault bought 38% of the company in 1999. This case deals with how Ghosn turned the company around. Examines in considerable detail how he went about successfully energizing and mobilizing the demoralized employees after a decade of failed efforts. Having successfully transformed itself, the company faces a series of major challenges in the global marketplace.

On January 7, 2002, Paul Levy became CEO of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, a troubled organization, in serious financial difficulty. This case describes the situation Levy inherited, his negotiations prior to taking the job, and his first six months as CEO.

Enlarges the "extended enterprise" metaphor from its origins in manufacturing-logistics management to embrace the full range of constituencies that are vital to the survival and success of the corporation. Presents a new "stakeholder view" of the firm that holds that stakeholder relationships are the ultimate sources of the firm's wealth-creating capacity. According to this view, long-term business success requires a firm to develop and integrate relationships with its multiple stakeholders within a comprehensive management strategy. To illustrate the validity of this approach, this article describes and analyzes the evolution and impact of comprehensive stakeholder management policies in three major firms.

What is discontinuous about the moment of radical technological change? Discontinuity typically does not lie in a radical advancement in technology itself; rather, it stems from a shift of an existing technical lineage to a new domain of application. Seeming revolutions such as wireless communication and the Internet did not stem from an isolated technical breakthrough; rather, their spectacular commercial impact was achieved when an existing technology was reapplied in a new application domain. The biological notion of speciation events, which form the basis for the theory of punctuated equilibrium, can reconcile the process of incremental technical change with the radical change associated with the shift of an existing technology to a new application domain. This concept can assist managers to cope with, and potentially exploit, such change processes.

Information security is not a technical issue; it is a management issue. It rests on three cornerstones--critical infrastructures, organization, and technology. Although critical infrastructures are beyond the direct control of the organization, balancing them is a critical component of corporate governance. Total security is neither technically feasible nor operationally practicable. Therefore, the organization must determine which information assets must be protected and the degree of protection. As Internet-based commerce diffuses through society, there will be decreasing tolerance on the part of customers for losses stemming from perceived or actual cyber vulnerabilities. Only senior management can initiate the plans and policies that address the different aspects of security in a balanced and integrated manner. Leaving security primarily to the IT function will strengthen just one of the cornerstones--namely, technology--and will not yield the intended results. Security lapses are management failures more than technical failures. This article presents an organizational security approach that senior managers can use as a roadmap to initiate security plans and policies and audit their implementation.

In January 2000, two British middle-tier high technology companies, Stream and Line, announce their merger agreement. On 6 May 2000, in a record period of four months one of the biggest high technology companies with a capitalized market value of more than US$84 billion is formally launched on the world stock markets. On August 1st, the company celebrates its launch with world-wide satellite links in the presence of the newly designated CEO, Roger Farrell. This series of three sequential cases recounts the story of the merger from the perspective of one of the business unit, the Sales Organization, in the UK. The first case, "The Story of a Merger" covers the period between January 2000 and August 2000. It introduces the key character of the three cases, Anne Wright, the newly appointed Sales Organization President. After describing the business and cultures of the two merging companies, it proceeds by giving an account of the two most emotionally engaging events faced by the protagonist early in her position: her introduction to the acquired company, Stream, and the process of site selection and announcement. The second case, "Building the New Organization" covers the second half of 2000. It describes the painful experience of those remaining with the unsuccessful and closing site and the journey of those moving, temporary, to the winning location. After reviewing the appointment process, it gives an account of how the company brings to life the new values of the merged company. The third case, "Bumpy Road of Transformation" gives an account of the major activities during 2001 and 2002. It opens up by going over the residual frustrations as experienced by middle managers. It then proceeds by giving an overview of the systems and initiatives launched by the global and the UK company to equip the organization to meet the challenges of the future.

In January 2000, two British middle-tier high technology companies, Stream and Line, announce their merger agreement. On 6 May 2000, in a record period of four months one of the biggest high technology companies with a capitalized market value of more than US$84 billion is formally launched on the world stock markets. On August 1st, the company celebrates its launch with world-wide satellite links in the presence of the newly designated CEO, Roger Farrell. This series of three sequential cases recounts the story of the merger from the perspective of one of the business unit, the Sales Organization, in the UK. The first case, "The Story of a Merger" covers the period between January 2000 and August 2000. It introduces the key character of the three cases, Anne Wright, the newly appointed Sales Organization President. After describing the business and cultures of the two merging companies, it proceeds by giving an account of the two most emotionally engaging events faced by the protagonist early in her position: her introduction to the acquired company, Stream, and the process of site selection and announcement. The second case, "Building the New Organization" covers the second half of 2000. It describes the painful experience of those remaining with the unsuccessful and closing site and the journey of those moving, temporary, to the winning location. After reviewing the appointment process, it gives an account of how the company brings to life the new values of the merged company. The third case, "Bumpy Road of Transformation" gives an account of the major activities during 2001 and 2002. It opens up by going over the residual frustrations as experienced by middle managers. It then proceeds by giving an overview of the systems and initiatives launched by the global and the UK company to equip the organization to meet the challenges of the future.

In January 2000, two British middle-tier high technology companies, Stream and Line, announce their merger agreement. On 6 May 2000, in a record period of four months one of the biggest high technology companies with a capitalized market value of more than US$84 billion is formally launched on the world stock markets. On August 1st, the company celebrates its launch with world-wide satellite links in the presence of the newly designated CEO, Roger Farrell. This series of three sequential cases recounts the story of the merger from the perspective of one of the business unit, the Sales Organization, in the UK. The first case, "The Story of a Merger" covers the period between January 2000 and August 2000. It introduces the key character of the three cases, Anne Wright, the newly appointed Sales Organization President. After describing the business and cultures of the two merging companies, it proceeds by giving an account of the two most emotionally engaging events faced by the protagonist early in her position: her introduction to the acquired company, Stream, and the process of site selection and announcement. The second case, "Building the New Organization" covers the second half of 2000. It describes the painful experience of those remaining with the unsuccessful and closing site and the journey of those moving, temporary, to the winning location. After reviewing the appointment process, it gives an account of how the company brings to life the new values of the merged company. The third case, "Bumpy Road of Transformation" gives an account of the major activities during 2001 and 2002. It opens up by going over the residual frustrations as experienced by middle managers. It then proceeds by giving an overview of the systems and initiatives launched by the global and the UK company to equip the organization to meet the challenges of the future.

Hawaii Best, Inc. is a company with lackluster performance and a variety of issues requiring management attention.

Robert Walter, the founder and CEO of Cardinal Health, a pharmaceutical distributor, is contemplating the purchase of Medicine Shoppe, a chain of apothecaries. The purchase might be construed as competition against his own drugstore customers. But one of its many advantages is the window it provides on the turbulent outside environment, with consolidation of his customers and managed care pressure on the pharmaceutical industry.

mGames is a manufacturer of game-based software for portable computers, PDAs and cell phones. The company's new chief executive officer has just been informed of a potential hostile takeover of the company by a major PDA manufacturer. At the same time he receives a phone call from a senior executive at a Scandinavian telecommunications company expressing interest in forming a partnership. With all of this happening, the chief executive officer faces growing pressure from the company's chairman to address ongoing performance problems. In a complex and changing environment he must make a strategic choice as to which group of customer groups (traditional handheld gaming device manufacturers, telecom manufacturers or PDA manufacturers) the company should focus on.

This case is presented as a dialogue between four friends, who examine the economic crisis that has affected Japan since the beginning of the 1990s and focuses on the current situation of recession and deflation. Extensive macroeconomic data is provided, as well as information on the policies implemented by the government since 1992. How did Japan get into the crisis, and why has it not yet recovered?

This case is presented as a dialogue between four friends, who examine the economic crisis that has affected Japan since the beginning of the 1990s and focuses on the current situation of recession and deflation. Extensive macroeconomic data is provided, as well as information on the policies implemented by the government since 1992. How did Japan get into the crisis, and why has it not yet recovered?

The concept of exposure, or uncertainty that matters, is developed as the target of hedging. Then, how to hedge that exposure--in particular, how to use regression analysis to obtain a hedging ratio--is described. The note concludes with a discussion of hedging multiple uncertainties and how to use correlations in developing a hedging strategy.

MedCath is a horizontally integrated chain of heart hospitals that partners with local cardiologists. It claims that its focus leads to better and cheaper results than those of an everything-for-everybody general hospital. Community hospitals generally vehemently oppose their entry into a new area. What options does MedCath have?

This case has been used since 2004 in Darden's first-year Global Economies and Markets MBA course in the module on exchange regimes and financial crises. In the early 1990s, in response to massive foreign capital inflows, the Chilean government restricted the flow of capital into the country in order to achieve a competitive and stable exchange rate and to control inflation. By the late 1990s, with the onset of the financial crises in emerging-market economies, investors began to pull their capital out of Chile and other emerging markets indiscriminately. This sudden reversal of capital flows was threatening to ignite a balance-of-payments crisis in Chile. The government must decide what to do. This case also contains information on the development experience of Chile, in particular, on the legacy of General Augusto Pinochet and the economic policies of the "Chicago boys." This case may also be used with the B case, "Chile: A Jungle for the Latin American Tiger (B)" (UV0920), which gives an update on the policies of the Chilean central bank up to 1999 and discusses the debate on the economic consequences of the policies. A teaching note (UV0664) is available. An abridged version of this case exists: "Chile: A Jungle for the Latin American Tiger (Abridged)" (UV0921). It focuses on the economic problems Chile faced from the early 1990s.

In the early 1990s, in the context of massive foreign capital inflows, the Chilean government restricted the flow of capital into the country to achieve a competitive and stable exchange rate and to control inflation. By the late 1990s, with the onset of the financial crises in emerging-market economies, investors began to pull their capital out of Chile and other emerging markets indiscriminately. This sudden reversal of capital flows was threatening to ignite a balance-of-payments crisis in Chile. The government had to decide what to do. This B case gives an update to the events that unfolded in the A case ("Chile: A Changed Jungle for the Latin American Tiger (A)" [UV0863]) and abridged case ("Chile: A Changed Jungle for the Latin American Tiger (Abridged)" [UV0921]).

This case has been used since 2004 in Darden's first-year Global Economies and Markets MBA course in the module on exchange regimes and financial crises. In the early 1990s, in response to massive foreign capital inflows, the Chilean government restricted the flow of capital into the country in order to achieve a competitive and stable exchange rate and to control inflation. By the late 1990s, with the onset of the financial crises in emerging-market economies, investors began to pull their capital out of Chile and other emerging markets indiscriminately. This sudden reversal of capital flows was threatening to ignite a balance-of-payments crisis in Chile. The government must decide what to do. This is an abridged version of the A case "Chile: A Jungle for the Latin American Tiger (A)" (UV0664). The A case contains more detailed information on the development experience of Chile, in particular, on the legacy of General Augusto Pinochet and the economic policies of the "Chicago boys." This case may also be used with the B case, "Chile: A Jungle for the Latin American Tiger (B)" (UV0920), which gives an update on the policies of the Chilean central bank up to 1999 and discusses of the debate on the economic consequences of the policies. A teaching note (UV0664) is available.

This technical note explains how group membership affects who a person thinks she or he is and how that person behaves in organizations. Hofstedes's levels of identity model are introduced and a simple description of Social Identity Theory is laid out. This note is a helpful tool for discussions about group differences because it argues that identification as a group member is not inconsistent with also being a unique individual. The note was written for use in Interpersonal Behavior and can be useful in a range of organizational behavior courses.