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This case explores the general observations and financial implications behind the short squeeze that had happened on the GameStop Corp. (NYSE: GME), an American chain of brick-and-mortar video game stores. The company had struggled in recent years due to competition from digital distribution companies and the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the share price of GME went up due to the hope of possible digital transformation since August 2020, there had been increasingly extensive short selling activities of GME stock by many institutional investors believing the firm was overpriced. Some of those short sellers were sizable hedge funds. The case seeks to highlight the definition, underlying factors, and mechanism of short selling, naked short selling and short squeeze. The reasons for market participants to do the above, the forthcoming risks, as well as the corresponding impact to the market are discussed. The case will discuss the interaction between social media and financial system nowadays. The perspectives (including interests and concerns) of the following parties will be analyzed, namely the retail investors, hedge funds and/or market makers, brokers (especially the FinTech-enabled zero-commission brokers), and regulators. Understanding the observations and implications of the case, students will be able perform a more comprehensive analysis on how social media and new technology shape the new investment world. Students will also be able to assess their own risks in conducting trades amid a short squeeze, or in anticipation of a short squeeze.

Ya Kun was an Asian coffee chain best known for its coffee, soft-boiled eggs and kaya toast with over 128 outlets in Singapore and the Asia Pacific region. What started as a coffee stall at Telok Ayer Basin before World War II to support the Loi family grew into a successful regional coffee chain that was a household name synonymous with Singapore kopi culture at home and overseas. Simultaneously, consumers were increasingly aware of the impacts of business practices on the environment and society. The emergence of green consumerism meant that consumers expected businesses to address the impact of their operations on the environment. Using the Triple Bottom Line framework, together with UN SDG8 (Decent Work & Economic Growth) and UN SDG12 (Responsible Consumption & Production), the case presents some of the challenges and opportunities impacting Ya Kun in light of the increasing attention on sustainability. How should Ya Kun face the challenges and leverage on the opportunities afforded by sustainable business practices to grow its regional F&B business?

The share price of EOH Holdings Ltd. (EOH), a company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and Africa’s largest technology service provider, decreased by over 30 per cent in December 2017 following allegations of fraud in relation to a corporate action within the group. Despite strong denials by the then–group chief executive officer (CEO), Zunaid Mayet, EOH’s market value continued to plummet, from a peak of 22 billion South African rand to 4 billion. In September 2018, Mayet was replaced as group CEO by Stephen van Coller, a former banker and telecommunications executive, who recruited a new executive team, replaced the board, and contracted out an unfettered internal corruption investigation. By June 2020, van Coller was wondering whether he and his management team had done enough to prove to the market that EOH was an organization once again worthy of trust and investment. Had they taken sufficient steps to restore EOH’s reputation? Had they earned the right to push the board to approve the next phase of EOH’s turnaround?

Boursify, a young start-up based in Montreal, Quebec, developed stock market simulation software based on fictitious, custom-designed scenarios. It based its simulations on an event-driven format, which differentiated its software from standard stock market simulation software, but required specific logistics for its implementation. The start-up made technological investments in its platform and carried out simulations for several segments, including university student associations, high schools and colleges, and private companies. Each of these segments required an adaptation of the service offer, and Boursify had been unable to identify which of these segments would be most conducive to its growth. At the same time, Boursify’s president was considering an alternative target educational business simulation software. He now must make two crucial decisions: the direction the company should take, and the action plan needed to ensure the company’s success.

Greenturn Idea Factory (GIF) was a start-up based in Kerala, India, that manufactured and marketed green energy products. Greeniee, a wireless device for monitoring electricity consumption, was GIF’s flagship product in the portfolio. Other products included rooftop solar panels and waste-to-energy conversion devices. Sajil Peethambaran, chief technology officer of GIF, was deliberating on a strategy to servitize Greeniee for potential market segments, either as an augmented product or by bundling it with other offerings.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continued worldwide in 2021, and health experts were aware that the virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) could be transmitted between humans and mink. In light of this, Denmark had controversially ordered the killing of 17 million mink out of concern that mutations to the virus posed a risk to the effectiveness of any future COVID-19 vaccines. In early 2021, mink farmers across multiple countries were left wondering whether a mass cull was likely to also take place in their countries. In Canada, for example, mink farmers affiliated with the Canada Mink Breeders Association wondered if it was necessary to do the same in Canada. Was there another way? Or was culling mink the only way to protect the health of human populations?

In early 2019, Chrystopher Jesse, a student at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology in Nakuru, Kenya, inherited a 10-acre piece of land outside the city. With his degree in procurement nearing its completion and a competitive job market awaiting him after graduation, Jesse now faced the decision of whether to sell the land or use it to begin operations as a small-scale farmer. This venture, if successful, had the potential to represent a portion or all of Jesse’s full-time income over the long term.<br><br>As part of his overall decision, Jesse needed to consider two key options: Assuming he chose to start the farm, Jesse needed to decide whether to plant potatoes or carrots. After deciding which crop to plant, he would then have to decide whether to irrigate the land or not.

Presentation to accompany product W24521.

Vestas Wind Systems A/S (Vestas), a Danish company, had deep roots in the wind technology sector and had positioned itself as a solutions provider. While it was a global leader, it lacked significant market share in China, even though it had been carrying out manufacturing there for decades. China presented unique challenges, as it was dominated by local players and had its own rules for doing business. However, China also presented significant opportunities for a company like Vestas given its enormous market and the potential for cost savings in Vestas’s supply chain. Given these conditions, Vestas’s senior management had to decide how to develop the company’s international strategy for the next ten years, particularly with respect to China.

MGM Resorts International (MGM), a global hospitality and entertainment company operating in various locations, including Las Vegas, faced a choice between profitability and responsibility. The company needed to attract as many customers to its casinos as possible to increase its profits from gambling. However, MGM had also been advancing an image of an ethical corporation by promoting its responsible gambling program, which was meant to discourage overspending on gaming activities. Should MGM choose to profit by attracting more customers who are willing to spend money at its casinos, or should it profile its image as an ethical company and promote its responsible gambling program? Was there a way to do both?

This case is based on Patagonia's journey to eliminate human trafficking from their supply chain. The case takes students through Patagonia's discovery of forced labor and debt bondage amongst their suppliers in Taiwan and later in Thailand, allowing students to examine their decision about how to best approach these issues. The case goes through the company SER team's initiatives to ensure Patagonia's suppliers maintain ethical business and employment practices. In 2011, the SER team proactively conducted social responsibility audits with their Tier 2 supplying mills and factories in Taiwan. The audits revealed multiple cases of human trafficking, forced labor including debt bondage, and other forms of labor exploitation among the migrant workers employed by the Tier 2 Taiwanese factories. Between 2011-2017, the SER employees worked hard alongside their factory partners to identify the changes that needed to be made to put an end to the forced labor and debt bondage uncovered by the 2011 audits. Multiple initiatives were launched during this time, such as comprehensive Migrant Worker Employment Standards and a "Roadmap to No Fees by 2020." Despite this, in 2019, Patagonia discovered that illegal and exploitative employment practices were still being utilized in a Tier 1 sewing factory in Thailand. At this point, the SER team faced new challenges and decisions.

Vestas Wind Systems A/S (Vestas), a Danish company, had deep roots in the wind technology sector and had positioned itself as a solutions provider. While it was a global leader, it lacked significant market share in China, even though it had been carrying out manufacturing there for decades. China presented unique challenges, as it was dominated by local players and had its own rules for doing business. However, China also presented significant opportunities for a company like Vestas given its enormous market and the potential for cost savings in Vestas's supply chain. Given these conditions, Vestas's senior management had to decide how to develop the company's international strategy for the next ten years, particularly with respect to China.

Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics was the leading third-party independent clinical laboratory in China. On the eve of the Lunar New Year in 2020, the chairman and CEO of Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics mobilized the whole group to respond to the outbreak of the new coronavirus from Wuhan. With the group’s tremendous growth in both business and size since its initial public offering, there were growing concerns about the provision of quality customer service and the group’s profitability. While the chairman and CEO was proud to see how swiftly his team had responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, he had many questions about the efficiency of the entire group's resource deployment and the consistency of performance across subsidiaries. Post COVID-19, how should Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics adjust its transformation strategy?

MGM Resorts International (MGM), a global hospitality and entertainment company operating in various locations, including Las Vegas, faced a choice between profitability and responsibility. The company needed to attract as many customers to its casinos as possible to increase its profits from gambling. However, MGM had also been advancing an image of an ethical corporation by promoting its responsible gambling program, which was meant to discourage overspending on gaming activities. Should MGM choose to profit by attracting more customers who are willing to spend money at its casinos, or should it profile its image as an ethical company and promote its responsible gambling program? Was there a way to do both?

The program head for retail talent acquisition at Yes Bank Limited needed to improve the talent acquisition process to fill vacant positions for relationship managers-a critical position within the business unit. Competition for talent was severe, with multiple positions at competing organizations open to suitable candidates, and screening the necessary number of candidates to ensure recruitment success was time-consuming and frustrating for everyone involved. One of the bank's business leaders, particularly frustrated with the hiring process and the lack of consistency with candidate selection, was pressing for an urgent solution. One option was to use an artificial intelligence (AI) platform, which centralized the candidate applications and improved the screening process by using machine learning to review videotaped candidate interviews. AI ranked the candidates, providing access to a larger talent pool and a quicker path to acquiring the needed talent. The process would resolve the bottlenecks that job aspirants typically faced in the traditional interview process, but would the tool dehumanize the entire process and undermine the interactions that ultimately led to better conversions and future integration with the brand and values of Yes Bank?

Philips India is a leading player in the air-treatment products market in the country. Philips India’s launch of the New Urban Living Series air purifiers aligns with the company’s continued focus on enhancing people’s health by leveraging technology to promote healthy living and prevention. The case describes how, given the challenges in the residential consumer segment, Philips India intends to back its competitive strategy logic of entering the air purifier market and leverage its brand equity in healthcare to differentiate itself from its rivals and overcome the hurdles it is likely to encounter in a nascent but overcrowded market.

Instructor Spreadsheet to accompany product W24521.

In this two-part case, in case A, a non-binary entrepreneur founded New FRDM Bodywear Ltd. (NEW FRDM) in 2015 in Toronto, Canada. The apparel and accessories company produced underwear for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. While growing their business as a sole proprietorship, the founder sought out a mentorship opportunity through ACME Entrepreneurship Incorporated but was concerned about a request to censor NEW FRDM’s website and messaging content. The founder had to decide whether to stray from NEW FRDM’s original business model and accept the opportunity. In case B, over a year later, the entrepreneur was presented with new potential mentorship opportunities from three different programs. Build Your Best focused on female entrepreneurs and offered a permanent workspace and prestigious contacts in the industry. Womentrepreneur Network seemed to offer superior mentorship, non-financial resources, and promising events, but it seemed to be explicitly intended for people who identified as women. Out and Proud! offered one-on-one mentorship and large events and was explicitly focused on LGBTQ2+ businesspeople. The founder again faced the issue of having to change or abandon NEW FRDM’s business model to take advantage of one or more of these significant business opportunities.

It was 2019, and the senior manager of strategy and business operations at Lyft Inc. (Lyft), headquartered in San Francisco, had been tasked with helping the company expand its existing vehicle services infrastructure to include individual riders, also known as end users, in addition to drivers. She had information about the competitive landscape within the industry, along with valuable insights from interviews Lyft had facilitated with potential customers. She was aware that in order for Lyft to grow and ultimately scale in as frictionless a manner as possible, the company might have to re-evaluate its value proposition and figure out how to build trust with consumers.

Presentation to accompany product W25384.