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In 2016, Detroit Bikes was a relatively new company seeking to become the largest bicycle manufacturer in North America. The U.S. bicycle market was dominated by imports from China and Taiwan, and Detroit Bikes saw an opportunity to compete by producing bicycles in the United States. The numerous business opportunities arising from Detroit’s economic downfall and recent resurgence provided an ideal location for the new bicycle company. The founder was growing Detroit Bikes aggressively, taking advantage of the company’s marketable “Made in USA” branding. His ambition was to build on this success, eventually producing 50,000 bicycles per year.

Since its inception in 2011, The Vanca, an Indian e-commerce brand selling women's Western apparel, had come a long way. After overcoming initial problems typical of many entrepreneurial start-ups, The Vanca made significant progress in terms of sales. However, its brand-building activities had not been very successful. Having concentrated entirely on online digital marketing, the company did not see the expected results. The digital space offered many opportunities, but it was replete with cases of promising companies facing failure. In addition to the dynamic nature of the online retail space, there were new government regulations in India as of March 2016, which restricted online retailers in many ways, in an attempt to bring order to the previously unregulated industry. Accordingly, in May 2016, The Vanca hired a specific digital marketing manager with the goal of reworking the brand's digital strategy. The company's management knew that multiple marketing issues needed to be addressed in order for The Vanca to achieve success.

In 2016, Detroit Bikes was a relatively new company seeking to become the largest bicycle manufacturer in North America. The U.S. bicycle market was dominated by imports from China and Taiwan, and Detroit Bikes saw an opportunity to compete by producing bicycles in the United States. The numerous business opportunities arising from Detroit's economic downfall and recent resurgence provided an ideal location for the new bicycle company. The founder was growing Detroit Bikes aggressively, taking advantage of the company's marketable "Made in USA" branding. His ambition was to build on this success, eventually producing 50,000 bicycles per year.

Ramco Systems Limited (Ramco) was a leading information technology (IT) product company and a pioneer in India, where the majority of IT companies were focused on services. It created three world-class products that drove its growth: a cloud-based enterprise resource planning system, a human capital management system, and aviation software. In 2016, the company was enjoying impressive growth, making profits, and acquiring new clients from around the world. At this point, the chief executive officer had to decide how to balance more rapid innovation with product stabilization. He needed to build structures, processes, and a corporate culture that would enable Ramco to continue to grow. At the same time, he needed to consider the ways new technologies were changing clients' requirements for newer product features-such as the use of mobility or cloud computing. Should the company adopt a mobile-only or mobile-also strategy? Should it incorporate features from social-media platforms as product features? Should it provide its products via software installed at clients' premises, or should products be available on the cloud, via software-as-a-service (SaaS) subscriptions?

Brands spend billions of dollars a year on lavish efforts to establish and maintain a social media presence. But do those campaigns actually increase revenue? New research provides an answer to this question, which has vexed marketers ever since social media burst upon the scene. In a series of experiments, the researchers tested four increasingly interactive ways in which Facebook might affect customers' behavior. First, they explored whether liking a brand--passively following it--makes people more likely to purchase it. Second, they examined whether people's likes affect their friends' purchasing. Third, they looked at whether liking affects things other than purchasing (for example, whether it can persuade people to engage in healthful behaviors). And fourth, they tested whether boosting likes by paying to have branded content displayed in followers' news feeds increases the chances of meaningful behavior change. The results were clear: Merely liking a brand neither increases purchasing nor spurs friends to purchase more. Supporting likes with branded content, however, can prompt meaningful behavior change.

VMW is a leader in software virtualization with approximately USD 6.5 billion annual revenue. VMW sells Workstation that can be bought online (store.vmware.com) and is used for running Mac on Windows. Workstation forms a significant portion of store revenues and most of it is bought online. There is rich digital/clickstream data for the visitors which can be combined with their past purchase history and other offline features as well. The business would like to increase sales of the product by targeting the right customers and needs a propensity model to be built using machine learning that can target the right set of customers. Michael Butler, the WW head of the store wants to leverage Parag's data sciences team to help him target the right workstation prospects that visit the store. A business conversation between Michael and Parag is followed by a technical discussion between Ravi, the data scientist and Parag. The following are the key questions that Ravi seeks to answer: -Cross-validation and evaluation in the context of huge imbalance in the data -Feature selection techniques -Communicating internal results such as lift curves back to the business -Different modeling approaches that can be followed -Interpreting the results for business decision making

VMware (VMW) is a listed software company with headquarters in Palo Alto, California selling products in the Software Defined Data Center that supports multiple devices, apps, and cloud to create an enterprise-ready cloud infrastructure. The company exclusively caters to business customers, that is, in the B2B environment. The company is characterized by 100% digital supply chain which implies that all products are downloadable from the website (www.vmware.com). The company also promotes these products online. Varied individuals across companies worldwide visit the site to familiarize themselves with the products and their features before making a decisive purchase. Along with the overview and use of the product, there are various customer-interaction triggers or ''digital assets'' that are shown to the VMW audience. These include triggers such as hands-on-learning, seminar/webinar registration, downloads, etc. Kiran R, the Director of the Data Science & Analytics team at VMW wants to know the optimal order of digital actions to be pushed towards customers to engage them effectively. Kiran's team has a rich source of online and offline available to model user's response to each of these digital assets. Kiran realized that the data is highly imbalanced and hence should be handled carefully. They wish to come up with a multinomial classification model for this purpose. Kiran decided that the model should fulfil the following objectives: 1. Determine the right order of digital assets to display to an individual e-mail id. 2. Since the website would like to target groups of e-mail ids, come up with a set of segment rules to identify top individuals for a digital asset and to target them with personalization on the website. 3. Have substantiated marketing and sales implications.

Managed word-of-mouth and viral marketing have emerged as one of the biggest trends of the decade. Every brand, big or small, wants its content to go viral. The backbone of successful campaigns is not limited to content or influencers who can make the message go viral. Marketers need to think of value creation at every stage. Jiten Gajaria, the convener of the social media cell of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Maharashtra, implemented a marketing transformation program for his political party while campaigning for the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election. He gained consumer insights, calibrated market segments, devised communication strategy, recruited and managed human resources, designed campaign implementation process and developed capabilities to execute it. The case details how Gajaria rolled out a successful influencer marketing program to create WOM communication on WhatsApp. It can serve as a classic example of devising a cost-effective customer outreach program where total marketing expense was reduced by about 199%.

Websites such as Indiegogo and Kickstarter have attracted much attention for their ability to enable organizations and individuals to raise funds from ordinary people, who contribute for a number of reasons. This phenomenon is called crowdfunding. Crowdfunding permits organizations and individuals to obtain investments they otherwise might not receive from more traditional sources such as banks, angel investors, and stock markets. A number of now well-known startups had their origins in crowdfunding. More recently, established organizations have begun to use crowdfunding websites not only as a source of finance, but also as marketing platforms. In this way, they have been able to ensure a ready market for their new offerings, with full sales pipelines, and to use the platforms as vehicles to boost brand image and gain support for brand-related causes. This adaptation of crowdfunding for marketing purposes is not without its problems, however, and organizations would be well advised to consider not only the opportunities these platforms provide, but also their limitations and risks.

Crowdsourcing is the deliberate use of crowds to solve problems, create new products, and improve consumer experiences. When used by brands, crowdsourcing engages consumers by asking them to be part of a deliberate call to action. Crowdsourcing provides interesting and dynamic marketing opportunities for brands, given the consumer engagement it entails. This conceptual study examines the literature on crowdsourcing and brand community, and makes a series of propositions regarding this rich marketing arena. Herein, we discuss managerial implications of the relationship between crowdsourcing and brand community dynamics and propose a typology for brands to better assess customer bases and market realities.

New research conducted with restaurant listings on Yelp found that establishments given prime position atop search results did get better results. Still, there's an important caveat. "The value Yelp ads seem to provide is in surfacing brands to customers," the researchers point out. That isn't to say that well-known companies should never use search ads; however, they should bear in mind that the ads work best when alerting customers to aspects of the brand that they're not already aware of.

In 2012, the marketing department at AkzoNobel India Ltd., a major paints company, faced a key decision concerning the possible relaunch of TileShield, a premium roof tile paint in the company’s exterior paints division. Since its inception, TileShield had led the market, especially in the southern part of India, but despite growth in the demand for roof tile paints, TileShield sales had stagnated in 2011–12. Faced with falling sales and intense competition, the company had to decide whether to maintain the status quo or draft a relaunch for the brand. The marketing department would have to make some quick decisions on value proposition and pricing.

A 2016 consumer survey in the United Kingdom revealed that five out of 10 people did not know that Coca-Cola Zero (Coke Zero) contained no sugar. Many respondents also expected Coke Zero to taste more like Coca-Cola Classic, but found the taste not similar enough. Therefore, Coca-Cola relaunched the product with an ambitious multimillion-dollar marketing campaign that followed a three-dimension value management cycle encompassing value creation, value communication, and value capture. To successfully relaunch Coke Zero and achieve the company’s objectives, Coca-Cola would need to both anticipate the challenges in each of these three phases and manage them effectively.

In this case study, we are analyzing how one of the biggest international telecommunications providers, Telenor, has used this weakness of financial institutions and has successfully launched the first mobile only bank in Serbia - Telenor Banka. The CEO of Telenor Banka is an INSEAD Alumni and is working with us on this case. The Case is illustrating how companies can create a successful business by enhancing traditional (marketing) strategy frameworks with innovative digital approaches and technologies in new, under-developed markets. Telenor has revolutionised the entire customer experience across the most important touchpoints by leveraging digital trends like big data analytics, artificial intelligence, augmented reality or community building through social media marketing. More specifically, the case discusses topics like digital marketing, digital disruption, customer experience strategies, customer segmentation, omni-channel strategies, and brand positioning & architecture strategies. The case also illustrates how digital practices foster business-model innovation that may not only change the competitive landscape but represent a 'quantum leap'. Finally, the case discusses key enablers that organisations have to put in place to make a digital transformation work: the success of Telenor Bank Serbia was also driven by organisational change, leadership skills, the right vision and new management approaches like design thinking and lean management. Please visit the dedicated case website to access videos, interviews and other support material.

In June 2016, Benjamin (Bibi) Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, wrestled with how to sustain Israel's strong innovation track record and the country's reputation as the "start-up nation." Despite the economic miracle the country had wrought since its founding, he knew he could not be complacent. On the one hand, in 2015 Israeli start-ups raised record-breaking amounts of venture capital, and exits for the year totaled over $8 billion. On the other hand, government expenditure on R&D had decreased and Israel's position in the Global Innovation Index had fallen. Several other indicators, such as achievement tests among elementary school students in math and science, painted a grim picture. Furthermore, in spite of the wealth created by many high-tech Israeli firms, socioeconomic gaps in the country had widened. A two-tier economy had formed. The long-term sustainability of the "innovation economy" was in doubt, as the sector faced increased competition from foreign innovation hubs, was being reshaped by the growth of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) locating R&D centers in Israel, and had to contend with a vexing shortage of human capital and low labor force participation among some groups. Netanyahu had to assess whether it was time to sound the alarm, and whether drastic and immediate measures were needed to right the innovation economy ship. Bibi mulled over which policies or interventions would best curb the erosion of Israel's competitive position as an innovation powerhouse and how best to promote social equality. He pondered whether public policy could make a difference or whether the market and societal currents, responsible for these trends, were too strong for him and his government to try to contend with.

In spring 2016, Kameda's CEO, Michiyasu Tanaka, is facing difficult questions from board members over the lackluster performance of the company's US subsidiary. Kameda was the leading player in the Japanese rice cracker market and was looking to expand overseas to achieve growth, with the vision of becoming a global food company. Starting in 2008, it had tried to market its best-selling product in Japan, Kakinotane, as well as other types of rice-based snacks to US consumers. Despite years of offering samples to consumers, modifications to the naming and packaging design, the addition of new flavors, changes in the supermarkets it placed its product, and offering retailers slotting fees - sales were well below expectations and losses were mounting. The situation was especially baffling as the company believed that the gluten-free trend as well as a growing desire for healthier food should have bode well for its rice-based snacks; moreover several Japanese food makers had recently achieved success in the US (such as Calbee with snapeas and Ito En with teas). On the bright side, Kameda's recent acquisition of a US company, Mary's Gone Crackers, was showing steady sales growth; though profits were very low due to high manufacturing and raw ingredient costs, and distribution coverage was limited. Tanaka and his management team had only a few years to turn things around or consider closing the Kameda USA subsidiary. Every marketing element was on the table: from changing the packaging to rethinking the retail approach to accepting private label deals to investing in more efficient plants to partnering with a well-known US brand in the snack food space. Could Tanaka save Kameda USA and dramatically improve the profits of Mary's Gone Crackers?

The case traces the birth of 1436, a new luxury brand specialized in cashmere garments. It describes how this venture emerged organically out of a combination of manufacturing and retail expertise with the ambition of creating the first pure Chinese luxury brand. The brand name was inspired by the measurement of superfine baby cashmere fibre (14 micrometers in diameter and 36 millimeters in length). It is estimated that only 2 out of 1,000 grams of cashmere measure up to the standard of 1436. Describing the brand evolution over its first 8 years of existence, the case allows for an exploration of the challenges associated with creating a luxury brand and reconciling several strategic imperatives: the need to build a strong and desirable brand identity, grow the business but also protect the brand integrity and exclusivity. The case also provides an opportunity to discuss the benefits and challenges associated with being 1) a luxury brand "made in China" and 2) a category specialist (cashmere). As Jane Wang, 1436's founder and CEO, looks to the future, she has to decide what to do to establish 1436 as a recognized luxury brand on a global scale.

It was mid-December, 2016 as Alexandra (Alex) Willis read with satisfaction that The All England Lawn Tennis & Croquet Club (AELTC) had won yet another award for its use of social media to reach its fan base. As the organizer and host of "The Championships, Wimbledon," the oldest of tennis's four Grand Slams, the AELTC prided itself on tradition and decorum. Widely regarded as the most prestigious professional tennis tournament in the world and contested each year over two weeks in late June and early July, Wimbledon, in many ways, had changed little over the years. Its showcase venue―the 15,000 seat "Centre Court," complete with a "Royal Box"―was built in 1926. Slazenger had been the official and only supplier of tennis balls since 1902. A strictly enforced ban on any player clothing other than white dated back to the 1800s. And, whereas other tournaments referred to their Men's and Women's Championships, at Wimbledon, these events were referred to as the Gentlemen's and Ladies' Championships. It was against this "steeped-in-tradition" background that Willis, hired by Wimbledon in 2012 and promoted to Head of Digital and Content in 2015, had to figure out the proper role for digital and social media at Wimbledon. The motivation behind the push into digital was one of communicating and engaging with fans and potential fans around the world, as noted by Richard Lewis, Chief Executive of the AELTC.

The case is set in 2014, from the perspective of Pyra, a Singaporean subscription box company for beauty products. Subscription-box services are a fairly new business model that involves the delivery of product(s) to the consumer on a periodic basis. A more recent variant of subscription-box services personalises the selection of products delivered, by closely matching products with customers' preferences. The company, in essence, becomes a personal shopping assistant for the customer. Pyra falls squarely in this last category. Pyra relies on data analytics and proprietary algorithms to personalise its selection of products. Given that customer data is central to the operation of the business, a platform that provides ease and convenience to customers in the provision of their feedback and preferences is paramount. Pyra developed a mobile app for this very purpose. The fact that its target segments are millennials and centennials, consumers who are tech savvy and always connected, makes this a sensible move. The app also makes it easy for customers to share the curated boxes they received on social media. Pyra was launched in early 2013 and has had reasonable success in its first year of operations, with double-digit month-on-month growth in customer base. There are nagging doubts, however, about whether the business will continue to be viable in the longer term. For one thing, retention of customers might prove to be a challenge, as customers' interest in accessing novel products could wane with time. In addition, with the entry of direct competition becoming an imminent event, there are looming questions about the sustainability of Pyra's competitive advantage.