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Canadian Jet just launched a social media contest: The traveler who posts the most creative tweet using the hashtag #CanJetLuxury will win two round-trip tickets to any of the airline's destinations. The head of public relations conceived the campaign in an attempt to improve the airline's tarnished reputation. But within the first 24 hours of the contest, unhappy customers have hijacked the hashtag and are using it to air their complaints about the company's frequent delays and labor relations. Now the head of PR needs to decide whether to pull the contest, change the hashtag, or simply ignore the bashes. Some of her team members think the company should apologize as well. But for what, exactly? With expert commentary from Cynthia Soledad, the senior director of the KitchenAid brand and shared marketing services at Whirlpool, and Rick Wion, the director of social media at McDonald's.

Canadian Jet just launched a social media contest: The traveler who posts the most creative tweet using the hashtag #CanJetLuxury will win two round-trip tickets to any of the airline's destinations. The head of public relations conceived the campaign in an attempt to improve the airline's tarnished reputation. But within the first 24 hours of the contest, unhappy customers have hijacked the hashtag and are using it to air their complaints about the company's frequent delays and labor relations. Now the head of PR needs to decide whether to pull the contest, change the hashtag, or simply ignore the bashes. Some of her team members think the company should apologize as well. But for what, exactly? With expert commentary from Cynthia Soledad, the senior director of the KitchenAid brand and shared marketing services at Whirlpool, and Rick Wion, the director of social media at McDonald's.

Canadian Jet just launched a social media contest: The traveler who posts the most creative tweet using the hashtag #CanJetLuxury will win two round-trip tickets to any of the airline's destinations. The head of public relations conceived the campaign in an attempt to improve the airline's tarnished reputation. But within the first 24 hours of the contest, unhappy customers have hijacked the hashtag and are using it to air their complaints about the company's frequent delays and labor relations. Now the head of PR needs to decide whether to pull the contest, change the hashtag, or simply ignore the bashes. Some of her team members think the company should apologize as well. But for what, exactly? With expert commentary from Cynthia Soledad, the senior director of the KitchenAid brand and shared marketing services at Whirlpool, and Rick Wion, the director of social media at McDonald's.

Companies that focus on their "superconsumers"--a subset of heavy consumers who are highly engaged with a category and a brand--can realize even greater sales from them, along with new product ideas and insights that can help products gain mass appeal.

"Business-to-Business Marketing" provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental concepts and theories related to aspects of business-to-business (B2B) marketing. B2B marketing refers to exchanges of goods and services between institutions rather than to individuals or end consumers. Compared to business-to-consumer (B2C) marketers, B2B marketers face distinct challenges rooted in the nature and needs of customers' buying criteria, purchasing processes, and strategic considerations. This Reading discusses five core elements of B2B marketing: 1. Links between business-to-business marketing and business strategy. 2. The impact of market and account selection. 3. The complexity of buyer behavior. 4. The need to understand and communicate buyer benefits. 5. The importance of organizational alignment.

Because of advances in technology, increasing international trade, growing global income levels, and a convergence of consumer tastes, companies worldwide must examine their business strategies and tactics with a global perspective. This Reading introduces a broad array of fundamental concepts and strategies that will enable an understanding of these dynamic changes in the global marketing environment. A Supplemental Reading offers insight into global marketing in the service industry.

As the leading distributor of fresh avocados in the U.S., Mission Produce was at a crossroads in late 2013. Avocado consumption was booming and CEO Steve Barnard wanted to acquire additional land in Peru and develop new avocado farms to help fill a projected supply gap. Mission could also buy avocado farms in other countries, expand its international marketing efforts, invest in brand building in Asia, and/or add processed avocado products. This strategy case describes Mission's growth, entrepreneurial leadership, future opportunities, and financing alternatives.

Mindray Medical International Limited, China's second largest medical device manufacturer, had global sales of 2.23 billion RMB in 2007. Since 2002, it had launched between seven and nine new products every year across four product lines: Patient Monitoring & Life Support products, the In-Vitro Diagnostic Products, Medical Imaging Systems and Veterinary. In 2006, Mindray's American depositary shares (ADS) were listed on the New York Stock Exchange. By the end of 2007, Mindray had sold medical devices to over 37,500 hospitals and clinics in China. It had 12 international offices and its products were sold in more than 140 countries. However, the company's US performance had not lived up to expectations. Founder and chairman, Hang Xu, had been approached by a leading investment bank to discuss the potential acquisition of Datascope, a mid-sized American producer of medical devices for the global marketplace. What should he do?

"Raise money when times are good." Kevin Hartz mulled over this expression as he examined the term sheet before him. The CEO had become somewhat of a masterful fundraiser. Since founding the online event and ticketing service Eventbrite in 2006, Kevin, his wife Julia, and co-founder Renaud Visage had raised $80 million over six rounds of financing. Now, the Hartzes and Visage had before them an offer from Tiger Global Management and T. Rowe Price to invest $60 million in Eventbrite at a $650 million valuation. Before accepting this financing, however, the founders needed to assess whether such a large raise was necessary and, if it was, how it would affect Eventbrite's development and influence the firm's future exit strategy. Unfortunately, the team knew that Eventbrite's market dynamics would make this analysis difficult.

In January 2014, Gary Bald, senior vice president of Safety, Environment and Health at Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines (RCL), prepared for a review meeting with the company's chief executive, Adam Goldstein, and chairman, Richard Fain. Prior to joining RCL in 2006, Bald had spent 28 years with the Federal Bureau of Investigation. After seven years of upgrading security for the cruise line, Bald stated, "We've come a long way, but what keeps me up at night is what I don't know." As he prepared for his meeting with Fain and Goldstein, Bald considered whether his department's current initiatives would be sufficient to maintain RCL's position at the cutting edge of cruise industry best practice, and whether RCL could and should differentiate itself in marketing from its competitors in the areas of safety, environment and health.

This case is intended to illustrate to readers the challenges faced in 2011-2013 by Amazon's CEO, Jeff Bezos, as he guided his company into the exploding tablet market. Faced with the tough decision between focusing on the e-reader market-which Amazon had come to dominate with its Kindle product line-and making a foray into tablets-for which it had no expertise-Bezos chose the latter. Amazon sought to combine platform assets to create an end-to-end experience that would let users find a "sweet spot" in the mix of features and services. This strategy involved critical decisions such as selecting a customer segment to target and a positioning for the new product, dubbed the Kindle Fire, as the tablet market rapidly evolved. The Kindle Fire was designed to put the full Amazon experience right into the laps of customers, and Bezos was betting that his customers would see the Kindle Fire as the physical manifestation of all things Amazon. To achieve this, Amazon was willing to heavily subsidize the Kindle Fire hardware device. The key assumption was that the superior end-to-end experience Amazon had carefully created would lead to incremental purchases of content as well as physical products and services, and the margins thus gained would outweigh the hardware subsidy.

Alain Chuard and Victoria Ransom reflected on their history as founders of Wildfire Interactive Inc. (Wildfire). Originally called Promotion Builder, Wildfire had evolved from an in-house marketing solution used by the duo's adventure travel company to a multi-platform software program used by thousands of businesses globally. The Wildfire product enabled these customers to develop customized social-media marketing campaigns composed of video and essay competitions, user-generated contests, quizzes, and coupons. Users could then push these promotions to their websites or social networks, such as Facebook, hi5, and LinkedIn. By summer 2011, Wildfire had achieved significant success and the founders believed that the company had reached a turning point. The team had analyzed the histories of similar industries (e.g., e-mail marketing) and determined that Wildfire's space likely would not support several independent companies and would ultimately experience an industry-wide consolidation. This meant that Wildfire would probably not be able to maintain the status quo and that Chuard and Ransom may need to consider the possibility of going public, getting acquired, or raising additional capital to bolster the firm's presence in the market. In May 2012, two large acquisitions occurred in the space and triggered a flurry of M&A activity. Among these events was an offer by Google to purchase Wildfire for $350 million with the contingency that Ransom and Chuard provide Google with a decision within 24 hours. The team set forth evaluating their options.

After spending a few years in the corporate world, in 2012, a young entrepreneur in India decided to start up his own venture developing mobile applications that supported interactive comic content. Called TodTales, the innovative e-comic would incorporate music, interactive games and augmented reality in a comic book format that would encourage young children to read. He had raised the initial seed funding from his own and his partner’s personal resources and an angel investor. The prototype was ready for demonstration and received positive responses from parents during a focus group study conducted in Mumbai. With the hope of going commercial by the end of 2014, the founder knew that he should start the next stage of development by convincing prospective investors that his idea had commercial potential and would quickly find a market not only in India but around the world.

Diageo, the world's leading premium drinks business, had a long history in Africa starting from its beer brand, Guinness, first exported to Sierra Leone in 1827. By 2013, 13% of Diageo's global revenues were from Africa, up from 9% in 2007. Diageo Africa President Nick Blazquez was considering how to seize the opportunities presented by rising populations and incomes while navigating increased competition and the unique challenges presented by frontier markets. The case describes Diageo's innovation process and two recent product launches developed specially for Africa. It also discusses government relations and the need to develop local production and raw material supply chains.

SolarCity Corporation competed in the downstream segment of the U.S. solar energy industry. The company installed solar panels for residential and commercial customers, using a decentralized (off-the-grid) power generation and transmission model to compete with utility companies that used a centralized (grid-based) model. Solar energy was a renewable source (unlike fossil-based energy sources) and therefore scored highly on both environmental and sustainability factors. To overcome the high switching costs to customers, SolarCity marketed solar energy using a financing model in which the company owned the assets and the customer merely paid a monthly fee for the energy used. As a new player in a nascent industry, SolarCity had never been profitable. SolarCity’s co-founder and chief executive officer had to develop a plan to make the company profitable despite the fact that utility companies were fighting back politically and the government was set to reduce tax subsidies for solar assets in the near future.

In 2013, a group of Tsinghua IMBA graduates decided to open a business, originally called "topline technology", to target Chinese consumers by supplying consumer goods reviews and rankings based on independent analysis and reviews. Setting "independent" and "fair" as its core value, the company is determined to help Chinese consumers with better information. CCR faces several major challenges. The biggest challenge is how to establish trust. The trust issue overall in Chinese society means that CCR has to convey a clear message of its independence and trustworthiness to its targeted consumers. Why should consumers believe CCR is fair? Other challenges include but are not limited to: How can Chinese consumers be made to understand its position and value proposition? How can CCR take advantage of current social media platforms such as Wechat and microblog? Finally, as marketing's core is to satisfy customers needs with profit. How to generate profit can also be discussed. Instructors can use the case to explore cultural differences between the west and the east: why simply applying the idea of consumer reports in the US to China may not be enough.

The Indian packaging industry &mdash; represented by a mix of paperboard, plastics, metals, and glass &mdash; had seen great change leading up to 2013. In 2012, Ajanta Packaging ranked among the top suppliers of glass bottles in India with an employee base of more than 50 and net revenues of US$100 million. The glass-bottle industry had a derived demand and depended on major industries using glass bottles in India, such as the liquor and beer, soft-drinks and pharmaceutical industries.<br /><br />The Ajanta Packaging case study discusses the stiff competition faced by the glass-bottle industry from different packaging options and materials that had entered the industry in the last four to five years. It assesses the changing market dynamics that could have a big impact on the future of Ajanta Packaging, with many companies shifting to PET bottles, Tetra Pak, flexible packaging, and other innovative packaging solutions, to reduce costs and improve the durability of products. Ajanta Packaging was highly dependent on glass-bottle sales, as 95 per cent of its revenue came from them. Should it carry on with the same product range, exploit the declining glass-bottle industry with more customers of glass bottles or enhance its product range with more varieties of PET bottles?</p>

Since founding CancerScan in 2008, Jun Fukuyoshi and Yoshiki Ishikawa had helped to improve cancer screening rates in Japan. Between 2005 and 2007, awareness of breast cancer in Japan rose from 55% to 70%, but the incidence of breast cancer screenings remained constant. Jun and Yoshiki applied marketing research techniques to increase the screening rate for breast cancer, a disease which killed over 12,000 Japanese women in 2011. Cancer screening initiatives accounted for 60% of the company's 2013 sales of $2.5 million.

How, in a business climate in which building relationships with customers has dominated both managerial thought and marketing budgets, could Filene's Basement have fired a loyal customer, one who was formally and informally recognized as a best customer? This case allows students to reverse-engineer a fired customer's relationship with discount retailer Filene's Basement, from her perspective, to uncover the critical incidents and behaviors of each party that shaped their relationship trajectory. The company's customer relationship management (CRM) programs are analyzed to show how they influenced and encouraged unprofitable customer behavior.

Peak Sealing Technologies (PST), a manufacturer of premium carton sealing tapes, stresses technological innovation as the company's core value. But when a new regional competitor introduces a less expensive and inferior product, PST is faced with a decision that could conflict with their values. Product manager Emma Taylor must decide if the company should augment its existing high-quality product line with a cheaper, less effective product to compete with their competitor. However, this decision could cannibalize PST's premium line. Emma is faced with a key issue in product line management--determining the variety of products in the line that serve the same function. Students are introduced to the problems of "trading down" the product line and must consider whether the company's corporate values are a strength or liability. This case can be used effectively in a first-year MBA course on marketing management to illustrate concepts associated with the risk and strategy of introducing a product line extension. It also allows for more complex analysis that would be appropriate in an Executive MBA program or advanced MBA elective courses in Product Management, Business to Business Marketing, Sales Management or New Product Development.