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Stock market simulations can help you determine optimal marketing strategies for products prior to launch.

Due to differences in incentive compensation, work experience, and objectives, sales and marketing, in many organizations often clash. At Microsoft Canada, the national sales manager, Home & Entertainment Division and the group product manager for PC marketing are considering investing a recurring $1 million a year - 10 per cent of their combined promotional budget - to produce and maintain a consumer-focused website, "Microsoft Home Magazine." This proposed investment comes at a time where sales growth is slowing in the firm's PC business. As a surprising twist for students, this case is unique in the sense that it highlights an example where sales and marketing work together to achieve a common goal.

The founder and chief executive officer of Global Source Healthcare was struggling with how to allocate sales resources among acquiring new accounts, penetrating existing accounts and up-selling existing accounts. Global Source Healthcare provided domestic and international staffing services to healthcare facilities. The company had been operational for a year and growth had been considerably slower than expected. What made this decision especially important was that the healthcare staffing market was experiencing a substantial downturn. Consolidation was occurring in the industry. Given the limited sales and financial resources of the company, this decision was critical to ensure the very survival of Global Source. Other issues that may be raised include understanding the sales strategy in the business and marketing strategy, motivating a sales force in a difficult, limited-resource environment, and understanding the trade-off between the length of the sales cycle and the size of the potential account.

In 2004, Red Bull found itself at a crossroad, challenged with defending its 70% worldwide market share of the €2.5 billion energy drinks category that it had pioneered. Through a combination of buzz marketing tactics, decentralised distribution and sponsorship of extreme sports and pop culture events, Red Bull had managed to build a certain mystique, which was central to building its appeal among its targeted customers, 18-35-year-olds.

Spreadsheet supplement for case 506-009.

In 2003, Mike McCready, CEO of Barcelona-based Polyphonic HMI, was preparing to launch an artificial intelligence tool that could create significant value for music businesses. The technology, referred to as Hit Song Science (HSS), analyzed the mathematical characteristics of music and compared them to characteristics of past music hits, making it possible to determine a new song's hit potential. McCready must decide on a target market--record companies, producers, or unsigned artists--and develop a marketing plan that helps overcome the likely resistance against adoption.

Boots Group PLC, one of the best known and respected retail names in the United Kingdom, provided health and beauty products and advice that enhanced personal well-being. The marketing manager at Boots was planning a sales promotion strategy for a line of professional hair care products. The professional hair care line consisted primarily of shampoos, conditioners, and styling products (gels, wax, mousse, etc.) developed in collaboration with United Kingdom's top celebrity hairdressers. The marketing manager's challenge was to select one of three promotional alternatives--get three for the price of two, receive a gift with purchase, or an on-pack coupon--for the Christmas season. The alternative selected would have both immediate effects on costs and sales, but also long-term implications for the brands involved. His primary objective was to drive sales volumes and trade-up consumers from lower value brands, while retaining or building brand equity.

Discusses the introduction of a completely new beverage to the U.S. market. New Century Brewing, which is owned by one of the founders of Boston Beer Co., is a small brewer that outsources production to third-party brewers. It has two products, a light craft beer sold in upscale shops and restaurants, and a caffeinated beer, which is oriented toward younger drinkers mainly between 21 and 25 years of age. Moonshot, created by the legendary masterbrewer, known as the "father of light beer," became the first caffeinated beer in the world. The company follows a differentiation strategy that attempts to appeal to a small niche of customers traditionally ignored by large brewers. Shortly after the introduction of each of its products, large competitors introduced similar products. Nevertheless, Moonshot has a first-to-market advantage that could potentially be leveraged.

This note describes the more common methods of calculating Price Premiums (also known as Relative Prices). Students will explore Reservations Prices and % Good Value, the concepts that form the foundation of price-quantity schedules, as well as Price Elasticity, a frequently used index of how responsive the market is to changes in price. The note stresses that understanding demand functions and Price Elasticity is key to the calculation of optimal prices and uses the familiar concept of Prisoner's Dilemma and addresses price tailoring.

Although catering to our biological interests, food companies have been recently accused of contributing to the growing problem of obesity. As a result, managers are torn between trying to satisfy consumers and trying to satisfy concerned public policy officials who bring threats of taxes, fines, restrictions, and legislation. Although the situation appears perplexing, there are profitable "win-win" solutions. Describes two hard-wired principles that influence food acquisition and consumption and identifies four reversible drivers of food consumption that marketers could use to help consumers better control what and how much they eat.

User design is a particular form of product customization that allows the customer to specify the properties of a product. User design has emerged as a mechanism to build brand loyalty, to fit products to the heterogeneous needs of a market, and to differentiate the offerings of a manufacturer. However, many consumers face daunting challenges in designing a product that fits their personal needs. This makes it essential for producers of customized goods and services to create user interfaces that are effective in supporting consumers in the user design process. Defines the fundamental information-processing problem associated with user design of customized products and articulates five principles of user design. Also outlines actions that can be taken to improve user design systems.

The CEO of EFL (India), a direct sales organization, must decide which changes to the sales compensation systems would better motivate his sales reps and improve their sales performance.

In 2003, Banyan Tree Hotels and Resorts was at a decision-making juncture as it considered how to maintain its differentiated position, strengthen its international presence, and deliver more value to customers. A fundamental issue facing the company at this stage was where and how fast it should move to develop a stronger market presence without jeopardising its carefully cultivated brand equity.

Describes a simplified economic model that serves as a vehicle for understanding the use of coupons for price discrimination based on customer loyalty.

Ted Katagi, marketing strategy manager of Kansai Digital Phone (KDP), utilizes customer lifetime value as a key metric to prioritize initiatives in an emergency plan to turn around the company. KDP is a regional phone company in Japan with less than stellar performance. Katagi is sent from the U.S. partner, Airtouch (later Vodafone), to assemble a team to design and implement a plan that improves company to performance. Katagi must quickly prioritize actions and then assess the expected economic impact.

Information technologies outsourcing is one of the emergent fast-growth industries in the global high-tech economy. India is the leading country for IT outsourcing and Infosys is the largest Indian company in this sector. The branding challenge for Infosys is to leverage its reputation for predictable excellent results for IT outsourcing. Management identified overall company top-line revenue growth as a way to achieve 30%-40% annual increases, but allocated only a negligible budget for marketing communications. The key to the global brand strategy would not be through brand image advertising, but through communications of product strategy developments to large global IT outsourcing companies. The goal for Infosys is to be on the shortlist of providers for the large, most sophisticated for IT services assignments.

Jeremy Moon, CEO of Icebreaker, merino wool, outdoor apparel manufacturer, believed the company could be a big hit in the United States, despite the presence of entrenched rivals. But Icebreaker clearly needed a new distribution approach. One option was to position Icebreaker as a brand selling fashionable sportswear. A second option was to mirror the strategy that had been effective in New Zealand--distributing through outdoor and snow sports retailers. A final option was to delay U.S. retail distribution and sell exclusively over the Internet, using direct-to-customer advertising.

A partnership of two real estate agents want to increase their recognition in an increasingly crowded and competitive marketplace. Both partners had strong individual reputations, but they believed a campaign focused on their identity as a team would give them a competitive edge in the real estate business. A comprehensive marketing communications plan needed to be developed and implemented quickly as the market was poised for a period of growth in the coming months.

Toshifumi Suzuki, chairman and CEO of Seven and I Holding Co., was widely credited as the mastermind behind Seven-Eleven Japan's spectacular rise. Although Seven-Eleven Japan began as a small licensee of U.S. convenience store chain 7-Eleven, Inc. (then Southland Corp.) in 1974, it grew to become the highest grossing retailer in Japan, eclipsing its then-parent Ito-Yokado's sales. By 2005, it also owned a controlling stake in 7-Eleven, Inc. Over the years, Suzuki's emphasis on fresh merchandise, innovative inventory management techniques, and numerous technological improvements guided Seven-Eleven Japan's rapid growth. At the core of these lies Tanpin Kanri, Suzuki's signature management framework.

This note describes the metrics that are used to monitor sales-force efficiency and effectiveness. It addresses sales territories, sales potential, and territory changes, as well as forecasting and measuring results. Finally, the note reviews pipeline analysis and the sales funnel.