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Ronds Science & Technology Incorporated Company (Ronds) was a leading smart solutions provider in China's machine condition monitoring market. Since its establishment, 10 years earlier, the high-tech company's monitoring and diagnostic solutions have been implemented across various industries, with the strongest foothold in the wind energy industry. However, the co-founder and chairman of Ronds observed that most Chinese industrial enterprises were slow in adopting technology in the area of maintenance and repair, and long sales cycles had led to Ronds missing its 2016 sales target. News of the Chinese central government's plans to redistribute wind energy projects across China to new provinces also followed. Given Ronds's weak profitability performance and the recent change in government policies, the company had to consider whether it should focus on further penetrating the wind energy market or expand to other industries. As either approach had its own challenges, the cofounder and his senior management looked to identify the best growth strategy for Ronds to remain competitive in the industry 4.0 era.

Supplement to case W20139

This is an introduction to the special issue of California Management Review on Design Thinking (DT). This special issue joins the growing body of work exploring the idea of DT and whether DT makes a difference in terms enhancing or augmenting the impact of technology-and, as a result, innovation-in a positive way. We have chosen an interesting, relevant, and useful array of papers that provide different approaches, views, and interpretations of applied design thinking. These articles provide both management and scholarly readers with insights in how DT is used, as well as its impact and usefulness in a variety of contexts.

Design thinking is gaining widespread attention in the practitioner and academic literature. Successful implementation has been documented, and its value shown in empirical studies. There is little examination, however, of how design thinking practices fit with other approaches from which firms might choose to frame and solve problems such as agile, lean startup, scientific method, Six Sigma, critical thinking, and systems thinking. By digging into the basic capabilities underlying design thinking, academic researchers might better understand problem framing and solving in general and provide insight for practitioners as to where alternative approaches might be applied.

Design thinking can be a critical facilitator of new technologies, but it is also a technology in its own right-a social technology that encourages more productive innovation conversations that are strategically valuable for dynamic capability building. By overcoming social and psychological barriers in innovation processes, design thinking accelerates progress on critical imperatives: allowing innovators at all levels to sense new opportunities; seize them by overcoming cognitive biases and aligning stakeholders; and transform and reconfigure resources. It accomplishes this through a set of well-recognized practices.

Philanthropic organizations rely heavily on point-of-sale solicitations--but a new series of studies shows that consumers often react negatively, perceiving the request as a violation of their social contract with the retailer. This can lead to diminished satisfaction and a decreased likelihood of revisiting and recommending the store. The researchers outline several strategies for inspiring customers to donate while minimizing the risk of a backlash. Retailers can reward customers for donations, with a small gift such as a reusable shopping bag; keep the process simple--for example, make the request via PIN pad, and ask customers to round up to the nearest full dollar amount; train employees to serve as the charity's ambassadors; demonstrate altruism and be transparent about how much will go to the charity in question; and carefully choose the charity partner and the time to launch.

When customers seek out online deals, it seems like a win for everybody: Brands, retailers, dealers, and distributors sell more goods, and buyers get a bargain. What's not to like? Here's the problem: Lured by rock-bottom online prices, customers often end up dealing with disreputable digital resellers that mistreat them, which can erode brand equity and undermine authorized sellers. For brands selling in the United States and Canada, there is a potent countermeasure: crafting and enforcing pricing policies that discourage anyone from advertising or selling a firm's products at an unauthorized discount. This article lays out the four steps essential to designing and enforcing policies with teeth that stay on the right side of antitrust law.

In 2014, the founder and chief executive officer of Beyond Meat, Ethan Brown, reflected on the question that had led him to start the company: "How difficult can it be to change what you eat for dinner?" The small start up based in Los Angeles, California, had faced considerable challenges in changing customer perceptions and attitudes since it was founded in 2009. Its intention was to address both health and environmental problems related to meat consumption by creating plant-based meat. The company had successfully developed plant-based meats that were similar in taste, texture, and composition to regular animal meat. However, Beyond Meat needed to change customer perceptions and behaviours to persuade US consumers to switch from animal- to plant-based protein. What strategies could Beyond Meat use to market its disruptive innovation and become a game changer in the meat industry? Should the company invest in aggressive research and development to make its product taste and feel more like real meat, or should it focus on marketing the product based on its nutritional, health, and environmental benefits? Should it target vegetarians or meat eaters, and what demographic changes should it consider?

The owner of Dunlop Livery Antiques in Dunlop, Ontario was considering a comprehensive marketing strategy with a focus on digital marketing. The industry was changing, popularity was wavering, sales were falling, and distribution channels were shifting. A new strategy was needed to increase revenue, profit, and brand awareness in the shrinking industry. Several placement choices were available, including selling online or at trade shows. A promotion plan also needed to be developed and implemented, which included advertising options such as Instagram and magazines. He needed to catch up with the competition in terms of promotion and distribution. With retirement looming, he had to make some tough choices-how could he promote and improve sales to ensure the future success of his antique business?

Topgolf started with the simple concept that it was time to rethink the "joyless mud fields" of golf-and apply microchip technology to create new frontiers in the game. Topgolf Watford, the company's first facility, opened in 2000 northwest of central London. Topgolf differentiated itself from traditional driving ranges by offering covered bays, multiple screens, patios and cafés-in addition to new golf accuracy challenges based on scoring tied to technology, and a broader entertainment model.

In 2014, the founder and chief executive officer of Beyond Meat, Ethan Brown, reflected on the question that had led him to start the company: “How difficult can it be to change what you eat for dinner?” The small start up based in Los Angeles, California, had faced considerable challenges in changing customer perceptions and attitudes since it was founded in 2009. Its intention was to address both health and environmental problems related to meat consumption by creating plant-based meat. The company had successfully developed plant-based meats that were similar in taste, texture, and composition to regular animal meat. However, Beyond Meat needed to change customer perceptions and behaviours to persuade US consumers to switch from animal- to plant-based protein. What strategies could Beyond Meat use to market its disruptive innovation and become a game changer in the meat industry? Should the company invest in aggressive research and development to make its product taste and feel more like real meat, or should it focus on marketing the product based on its nutritional, health, and environmental benefits? Should it target vegetarians or meat eaters, and what demographic changes should it consider?

The owner of Dunlop Livery Antiques in Dunlop, Ontario was considering a comprehensive marketing strategy with a focus on digital marketing. The industry was changing, popularity was wavering, sales were falling, and distribution channels were shifting. A new strategy was needed to increase revenue, profit, and brand awareness in the shrinking industry. Several placement choices were available, including selling online or at trade shows. A promotion plan also needed to be developed and implemented, which included advertising options such as Instagram and magazines. He needed to catch up with the competition in terms of promotion and distribution. With retirement looming, he had to make some tough choices—how could he promote and improve sales to ensure the future success of his antique business?

In 2018, after nearly two decades of success in the highly competitive consumer electronics market of Singapore, Asian Home Electronics (AHE) Limited was once again searching for new frontiers to break through for its retail business. Having evolved from the traditional brick-and-mortar business model to omni-channel and to experiential retail, AHE, a household name consisting of five retail stores in the city-state, had set its eyes on retailing solutions for the smart home of the future. The vision of a smart home was beginning to come together as worldwide sales of smart devices reached an all-time high in 2016, and the industry was poised for even stronger growth in the next decade. However, the smart home concept had not been as pervasive as imagined several years ago. While it may appear exciting to many people, the wide array and the complications of operating smart home devices are also daunting to the average consumer. To bridge the gap between technology and consumers, retailers, such as AHE, are in the best position to demystify the complexity surrounding the smart home concept. To address the challenges that might confront a new entrant in the smart home market, AHE solicited ideas from consultancy companies through a call for proposals. Three shortlisted submissions presented a myriad of ideas in crafting a smart home retail concept, and AHE would need to carefully evaluate them based on two key criteria: first, how well did the consultant proposals present the smart home concept to consumers through the communication of multiple product inter-operability and overall retail store design? Secondly, what kind of recruitment and training would be effective in transitioning salespeople to become smart home advisors? This case study adopted the retailer's perspective to understand an omni-channel approach in selling smart home solutions.

Receiver Coffee (Receiver), a Prince Edward Island-based coffee roaster and café, had found success since opening in 2012. Co-owner Colleen MacKay and her partners were trying to grow the wholesale side of the business, selling high-end coffee to cafés, restaurants, and other businesses outside of their usual trading area, with a focus on Ontario and Quebec customers. Sales growth of wholesale coffee had been limited, despite the overall success of the brand in its home region. Receiver had a clear identity as a high-quality local coffee roaster, a well-defined set of marketing tactics including price and promotion, and ambitious growth goals. Now in 2018, the question for MacKay was how to go about finding a market that could take Receiver to the next level.

Receiver Coffee (Receiver), a Prince Edward Island-based coffee roaster and café, had found success since opening in 2012. Co-owner Colleen MacKay and her partners were trying to grow the wholesale side of the business, selling high-end coffee to cafés, restaurants, and other businesses outside of their usual trading area, with a focus on Ontario and Quebec customers. Sales growth of wholesale coffee had been limited, despite the overall success of the brand in its home region. Receiver had a clear identity as a high-quality local coffee roaster, a well-defined set of marketing tactics including price and promotion, and ambitious growth goals. Now in 2018, the question for MacKay was how to go about finding a market that could take Receiver to the next level.

In October 2012, Dmitry Kuznetsov was appointed Country Marketing Director for Google Russia (Google RU). His primary objective was to propel Google RU ahead of the local champion Yandex, to the number one position in the Russian internet search market, leveraging Google's digital intelligence and analytics products to win clients in a B2B setting. Along the way he faced multiple challenges, from crafting a local strategy for Russia, to segmenting the online market, deciding how to position the brand, which products and services to prioritize, and how to communicate effectively with Russian customers. The case presents relevant information on the prevailing trends in Russia's internet search market, the competitive landscape, and the high-powered digital tools available from Google to heighten the impact of his marketing and communications plans in the period to 2016.

In June 2019, the Indian government's think tank, Niti Aayog, mandated that all new motorized two-wheelers with an engine capacity of up to 150 cubic centimetres (cc) would need to be electric-powered by 2025. The chief executive officer and co-founder of Ather Energy wholeheartedly supported this mandate, as his firm's objective was to develop India's first smart electric scooter. Despite his confidence in revolutionizing the concept of two-wheeler driving in India, the task ahead was challenging and complex. How could the company encourage consumers to purchase Ather Energy’s products? What personality types should the company cater to? What roles did Indian consumers' requirements and psychology play in motivating them to purchase Ather Energy’s products?

In June 2019, the Indian government's think tank, Niti Aayog, mandated that all new motorized two-wheelers with an engine capacity of up to 150 cubic centimetres (cc) would need to be electric-powered by 2025. The chief executive officer and co-founder of Ather Energy wholeheartedly supported this mandate, as his firm's objective was to develop India's first smart electric scooter. Despite his confidence in revolutionizing the concept of two-wheeler driving in India, the task ahead was challenging and complex. How could the company encourage consumers to purchase Ather Energy's products? What personality types should the company cater to? What roles did Indian consumers' requirements and psychology play in motivating them to purchase Ather Energy's products?

This case is about a small restaurant in Singapore offering authentic and refined Szechuan (or Sichuan) cuisine that is different from the typical ultra-spicy hotpot meals that consumers normally associate Szechuan food with. As a small player in the F&B scene, Tian Bao Szechuan Kitchen faces the challenge of establishing itself as a distinctive brand in a crowded and competitive market space that is dominated by large and powerful restaurant chains like HaiDiLao Hotpot whose names are almost synonymous with the product category. Tian Bao also has the challenge of educating consumers and re-shaping their less-than-sophisticated perceptions of Szechuan food.

In early January 2016, the chief strategy officer and his team at Ippudo, an expanding ramen restaurant operation, were tasked to formulate both marketing and customer service management strategies for the company's first ramen shop in France, which was due to open in Paris in late 2016. Ippudo, a famous ramen brand in Japan, started its global expansion in 2008, when it successfully established its presence in New York City. When it entered the US market, Ippudo changed its marketing mix and customer service approach to follow a strategy that incorporated Ippudo's corporate values with both Japanese and New York culture and norms. Moving forward, how should Ippudo's chief strategy officer position the new ramen restaurant in Paris? What marketing mix should Ippudo pursue? Should Ippudo change its product offerings to appeal to Parisians? And should Ippudo France's website follow the same concept used in New York, where the website served only to convey information?