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Yogesh Bellani was the chief executive officer of FieldFresh Foods Private Limited (FieldFresh), a joint venture between Bharti Enterprises and Del Monte Pacific Limited. Bellani, with his entrepreneurial mindset, had successfully led FieldFresh in establishing the Del Monte brand in India. A great deal of that success was attributable to Bellani's ability to capitalize on business-to-business sales. FieldFresh had pivoted to a business-to-consumer (B2C) sales model, but issues that arose in fiscal year 2019-20 and were expected to be more pronounced in 2020-2021 indicated that an even greater emphasis on B2C sales was needed. The pivot to B2C would be crucial to unlocking the equity FieldFresh had built with the Del Monte brand and would enable the brand to take a leadership position in key categories, but was this the right time to make that change?

In February 2019, the associate product owner of the Branch Rapid Labs at the Bank of Nova Scotia (Scotiabank) was asked to provide his knowledge and expertise to develop the final iteration of a new customer onboarding process. The new model developed for Scotiabank, one of Canada's Big Six banks, was named Project Fusion. Working closely with cross-functional teams, the associate product manager was advising his product team on how to best proceed after the completion of the final round of user testing trials. With all user trials on the latest prototype completed, he had a significant amount of feedback to analyze and results to implement in the project.

This case is set in 2020 and talks about a start-up pharmaceutical marketing company - Good Pharma - based in Singapore. One of the first products the firm had embarked on marketing was Suu Balm, a cream for dry and eczema-prone skin, which had been formulated by a lead user - Dr Tey Hong Liang (Dr. Tey) from Singapore's renowned National Skin Centre (NSC). As a lead user innovation, Suu Balm had gone through extensive licensing negotiations before launch and took some time to see market success. The Suu Balm cream was a menthol based formulation to help relieve itch and dry skin conditions. Initially, the cream was sold online and to government and private dermatologists and general practitioners directly. Later the company approached retail pharmacy stores like Guardian and Watsons to distribute the product and saw spiralling sales growth at an average of 180% a year. The firm expanded beyond Singapore to other Asian countries, the U.K. and Ireland, by collaborating with both physical and online retail stores. However, it faced some hiccups in its collaborations with physical stores in Ireland and U.K. and quickly shrank its expansion in these countries after incurring some losses. Dr. Tey had also noted an increasing demand for additional products from his patient visits, which led to the expansion of the Suu Balm brand to include hair care, facial care, and products suitable for children. Effective product and geographical expansion strategies fuelled further business growth, and by 2019, Suu Balm's retail sales had exceeded US$3.69 million in its home market alone. However, Good Pharma wanted to expand beyond collaborations and launch its own products in the market moving forward. Could lead user innovation still be a viable strategy for Good Pharma's next growth stage as a start-up company?

Propais is a non-profit organization founded in 1994 in Bogota by the public and private sectors and supported by 76 partner organizations. In October 2018, Maria Lucia Castrillon, general manager of Propais, was concerned about the future of the micro-franchising project (MFP) that had been active since 2012. The MFP was core to Propaís's mission of promoting "the development of micro and small businesses through strategic work, carried out jointly by public and private agents". It promoted the creation of 70 new enterprises that generated 350 direct jobs and produced over USD 1 million in annual sales. The IDB-MIF, a co-financer of the project with a total investment of USD 2,540,150, had recently announced its decision to withdraw in May 2019, generating great uncertainty about future feasibility. Propais had invested time and money to become a reference point in franchise structuring. Without MFP support both franchisers and franchisees could lose the opportunity to do business, and the potential would be lost to create five direct jobs at each franchise. Two options to keep the project going were: 1. Propaís could continue to manage the project but would need new financial resources from donors and investors, and 2. Propais could transfer its knowledge and processes to its partners (such as the Ministry of Commerce, Medellin Chamber of Commerce, private foundations or companies) so that they could in turn scale up the micro-franchise model. However, both options implied a long negotiation process and IDB-MIF support would end in just seven months. Moreover, Propais did not have enough resources to support the project alone during a transition.

Muhammad Alagil was a second-generation leader in the well-known Alagil Family Group of businesses in Saudi Arabia and co-founder and chairman of its family office, Jarir Company for Commercial Investments (Jarir Investments). The case opens in 2021 with Alagil pondering whether or not to allow family members of the next generations aged 35 and over to spin off their pieces of the trust and set out on their own. This change would have been a massive departure from the state of mind he and his four brothers shared for the past decades: Why would anyone leave and shrink the pie? He was confident that none of the third generation (G3) would leave but he knew there was no guarantee they would stay either. He also knew that, when their time came, a portion of G4 members (the eldest of whom was 12 years old) would likely exercise that right and leave. With the sustainability of the family office in mind, would it be disastrous if some members left? The case discusses whether it was the G2 members' responsibility to entice future generations to stay and, if so, how? If not, should they at least come up with a mechanism to ensure that future generations would survive on their own?

Set in June 2020 in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the case traces the evolution of SensorFlow, an early-stage start-up offering an IoT-powered Energy Management Solution (EMS) to the hospitality sector in Southeast Asia. It documents the founding story and illustrates how the founders, Saikrishnan Ranganathan and Max Pagel, drove the adoption of their innovation by securing a distinctive value proposition and unique business model. SensorFlow's EMS was targeted at the hospitality sector struggling under pressure to reduce energy consumption and operations costs besides meeting sustainability norms. SensorFlow's EMS addressed the gaps in the incumbent solutions with its minimally invasive, less expensive plug-and-play design. In addition, the zero-upfront-cost and pay-as-you-save payment model shortened the sales cycle and accelerated customer acquisition and business growth. However, when the pandemic hit, the growth slowed, and as the long-term implications on the hospitality industry became apparent, the founders had to review their business plans.

Recent research suggests that how new business ideas are presented may matter more than the quality of the ideas themselves.

Artificial intelligence increasingly attracts attention and investments. However, appropriating value from this general-purpose technology (GPT) can be difficult. To understand these challenges, this article analyzes why IBM failed to generate significant profits from IBM Watson Health despite its promising starting points. The findings suggest that, considering the characteristics of GPT, an overly closed approach for taking it to market contributed to the failure. Furthermore, conditions such as the immaturity and the complexity of the application field intensified the challenges. This study suggests that using a strong appropriability regime in open innovation can enhance the appropriation of value from a GPT.

Many people believe that the process for achieving breakthrough innovations is chaotic, random, and unmanageable. But that view is flawed, the authors argue. Breakthroughs can be systematically generated using a process modeled on the principles that drive evolution in nature: "variance generation," which creates a variety of life-forms; and "selection pressure" to select those that can best survive in a given environment. Flagship Pioneering, the venture-creation firm behind Moderna Therapeutics and one of the most widely used Covid-19 vaccines in the United States, uses such an approach. It has successfully launched more than 100 life-sciences businesses. Its process, called "emergent discovery," is a rigorous set of activities including prospecting for ideas in novel spaces; developing speculative conjectures; and relentlessly questioning hypotheses.

Dupden Lepcha started Tingvong Homestay, the first homestay in the remote Dzongu region of Sikkim, India, when the region was opened for tourism in 2006. Initially, the response to Dupden's homestay was good, improving Dupden's financial position and earning him the respect of the community. With Dupden's active encouragement and help, other members of the community also established homestays. Over time, however, a few of these homestays outperformed Tingvong Homestay by creating greater awareness of their offering. Despite the government's intention to develop the region as an ecotourism hub, the pace has been slow, compelling the village council to take proactive steps. They have asked Dupden to play an active role in working closely with government officials, and now Dupden must decide whether to focus on his homestay or take up the role offered by the council and work toward the development of the Dzongu region as an ecotourism hub.

The case describes the launch in the UK and Ireland in April 2020 of the mobile app Treeapp, intended to help combat the effects of climate change by enabling users to plant trees for free. The app is funded by Treeapp's brand partners, who pay £1 to Treeapp every time a user watches an advert on their phone. Part of the payment goes to NGOs around the world who manage tree-planting projects.

This experiential case simulates an investment committee (IC) meeting at the private equity (PE) firm Bridgepoint, a leading European mid-market private equity firm. In the first quarter of 2011, with Europe in a recession following the global financial crisis, forecasters are predicting the start of an economic recovery. The firm is midway through investing its €4.85 billion fund, Bridgepoint Europe IV ("BEIV"), looking specifically for market-leading European companies with potential to grow through geographic expansion or operational improvement, strategy refocusing and add-on acquisitions. Three senior partners (Charlotte, Andrew and Bengt) from its offices in Germany, London and Sweden are preparing to present potential investment opportunities to the committee - respectively, Charlie, a German chemicals company with global plants; Alpha, an industrial firm listed on the London Stock Exchange; and Bravo, an elderly-care company based in Sweden. All three have submitted written papers to the members of the IC, including Harriet, a senior partner at Bridgepoint, who regularly spends her weekends analyzing information in preparation for the Monday morning meeting. Students are asked to either pitch one of three companies to Bridgepoint's investment committee or to play the role of the IC and ask their classmates questions to clarify the rationale for putting them forward.

Case Supplement for Case IN1784

Case Supplement for Case IN1784

Case Supplement for Case IN1784

In March 2021, the chief strategy officer of Green Car Inc. (Green Car), an on-demand car-sharing services company, was contemplating the company’s strategic direction. In an on-demand car-sharing services model, a company owned vehicles and received a fee from consumers who borrowed those vehicles. The strategy of Green Car’s main competitor was to maximize its platform competitiveness by aggressively expanding its operational scale and scope, even if it meant incurring financial losses. In contrast, Green Car tried to achieve a balance of growth and profitability, which had resulted in continuous profits. The company now faced an important question for the company’s overall strategic direction: growth or profitability? Which strategy would be successful in the end?

Wymsee was a company that aimed to develop a mobile application (app) that would allow television audience members to identify and purchase clothing or accessories worn by characters in the program they were watching, with the Wymsee founders taking a percentage of transactions they facilitated. To get the data necessary to make this work, protagonist Alex LoVerde and his three co-founders built an app called SyncOnSet, which helped film crews update and streamline their previously analog and complex costume tracking workflow. The quick adoption of SyncOnSet and the relative difficulty of launching Wymsee made LoVerde wonder if the company should pivot away from a consumer-facing app and toward software designed for Hollywood film crews.

HCL Technologies Ltd., one of the big four information technology companies in India, had established a corporate entrepreneurship function within its enterprise technology office (ETO). As part of its aspiration to scale up its corporate entrepreneurship activities, the ETO had adopted an ecosystem innovation strategy, and in 2020, the ETO team was deliberating how to standardize and institutionalize its corporate entrepreneurship practices, enhance the platform technology, and build a culture of innovation to leverage the newly adopted ecosystem innovation strategy.

China's gold jewelry market was for a long time very homogenous: brands all offered very similar products and provided discounts to gain a competitive advantage. For many years, even Chow Tai Fook (hereinafter 'CTF'), an industry leader that boasted superior product design and craftsmanship, suffered from low profit margins and sluggish sales growth. Furthermore, CTF's competitors constantly tried to mimic its pricing and sales strategies to seize market share. It was against this backdrop of fierce competition that CTF launched the HUÁ Collection in September 2017. The new collection targeted the high-end market and was a resounding success, as well as an industry game-changer. However, as the HUÁ Collection gained market share and production scaled up, this gave rise to new challenges: How could CTF disrupt the homogeneous gold jewelry market through brand innovation? How could it maintain HUÁ's brand value while scaling up production? Moreover, how could it respond to an endless stream of imitation products and plagiarism?

HCL Technologies Ltd., one of the big four information technology companies in India, had established a corporate entrepreneurship function within its enterprise technology office (ETO). As part of its aspiration to scale up its corporate entrepreneurship activities, the ETO had adopted an ecosystem innovation strategy, and in 2020, the ETO team was deliberating how to standardize and institutionalize its corporate entrepreneurship practices, enhance the platform technology, and build a culture of innovation to leverage the newly adopted ecosystem innovation strategy.