個案總覽

On many levels and from serval perspectives, an entrepreneur's challenges are different. One of the most acute challenges may be managing in a credt cruch, specifically, finding cash when traditional sources of funding have all but stopped extending credit. This author, who has worked with many highly visible and successful entrepreneurs, offers helpful suggestions.

Management of a diversified chemicals company faces two financial decisions: whether to finance a major investment in new production facilities for its rapidly expanding Environmental Products Division, and whether to sell a more slowly growing non-specialty chemicals division. the latter decision has implications for how the new investment, if it is undertaken, should be financed. Financing options available to the firm include bank borrowing, issuing convertible debt, and selling new common stock in the public market.

This lesson develops the classical structural approach to pricing and hedging credit risk: Merton's (1974) contingent claims model of debt and equity claims. This model is used to make investment and risk management decisions in an over-the-counter (OTC) market for distressed bonds.

This lesson integrated Merton's (1974) contingent claims model of debt and equity claims with the CAPM, which allows us to examine the risks and pricing of credit portfolios, and the derivative claims issued against them. In particular, this model is used to make investment and risk management decisions in the market for collateralized debt obligations (CDOs).

This case explores events surrounding the development of the Sydney Cross City Tunnel, an innovative infrastructure project developed by the New South Wales government in Australia in conjunction with Cheung Kong Infrastructure, Cheung Kong's Hong Kong infrastructure investment arm. The tunnel opened for traffic in 2005. This case analyzes three matters: the political and institutional background that led to the decision to develop the Cross City Tunnel; the general economic assumptions upon which the venture had been based; and the build-operate-transfer project finance arrangements put into place to develop and finance the tunnel venture. The case explains the project finance arrangements surrounding a typical road transport infrastructure which seems to have failed, and raises questions about estimates of demand for the tunnel and traffic management arrangements surrounding access to the tunnel.

Spreadsheet Supplement for case 208110

Delphi Corporation, operating under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, has filed a plan of reorganization with the court, under which a consortium of hedge funds led by Appaloosa Management will invest up to $2.6 billion in new equity. Also participating in the plan is General Motors, which as the former parent of Delphi, has agreed to fund a portion of the massive pension and retiree health care liabilities that Delphi incurred when it separated from GM in a prior spin-off. The company has also had to seek significant financial concessions from the United Auto Workers, without which it may not survive as a going concern. Greatly complicating the negotiations is the significant uncertainty surrounding the value of Delphi's business and the complexity of its capital structure.

Explains the approvals and construction process for a building to be constructed against neighborhood opposition above an operating bank branch in New York City.

Examines various approaches to measuring investment performance. The approaches include the use of risk exposure and the Sharpe and Information Ratios. Applies the approaches to a variety of mutual funds to demonstrate the effect of using different metrics to measure fund performance.

Parks Capital acquired a Children's Apparel Manufacturer, American Child Clothing Manufacturers, Inc. (ACCM), in 2001. Two years later ACCM's largest retail, customer, U.S. Retail, Inc., decided to evaluate strategic alternatives due to financial difficulties. Parks Capital must now decide whether to acquire U.S. Retail, to fund ACCM so it acquires U.S. Retail, or to sit on the sidelines.

Shortly after the acquisition of Corus in 2007, Tata Steel Limited entered the international markets with a convertible bond offering (CARS) that had distinct features. The offering of US$875 million was the first of its kind from India. The successful issuance reflected investor confidence in the country and the company. This case covers a full analysis of the CARS with a scope that spans valuation, structuring of the financing instrument to suit the issuer's strategic imperatives and investment analysis.

This note demonstrates how a forward price, or equivalently, futures price, is determined and considers forward and futures contracts written on financial assets and on commodities. The note introduces the concept of a convenience yield and calculates the convenience yields on four commodities, crude oil, natural gas, copper and gold. Examples in the note use actual market prices.

CEO Wesley Edens and the five Fortress principals are contemplating a move unprecedented in the industry: Becoming the first hedge fund and private equity firm to complete an IPO on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). This case examines potential reasons for a leading alternative investment firm to go public, including the firm's own rationale relating to "people, permanence, currency, and capital," while also providing analyst expectations regarding target valuation and initial stock performance.

Early 2005 saw the first hostile takeover in Japan. Financed by foreign capital, the takeover startled Japan's traditional business establishments who now feared that the threat of hostile takeovers had finally become a reality in Japan. Meanwhile, Japan also went through numerous accounting scandals involving public companies and was seeing dramatic changes in disclosure and corporate-governance rules and regulations in regards to issuers of publicly traded securities and their officers and directors. Concurrently, Mr Hidezo Terai, president of World Co. Ltd, Japan ("World"), a publicly traded apparel company on the Tokyo and Osaka Stock Exchanges, considered returning the company to its private limited status and de-listing it from both the stock exchanges. The company believed doing so would allow them to introduce a management system for quick and flexible responses in the ever-changing fashion business. The market on the other hand suspected that such a move was driven by a need to seek relief from the new disclosure and corporate-governance rules and regulations, and to protect World from possible hostile takeovers

Philip Goldstein, the principal in a growing hedge fund and prominent activist investor, has taken a position in a Mexico-based closed-end fund. Following a hard-fought proxy contest in which he advocated for management to eliminate the fund's substantial discount, Goldstein earns a seat on the board of directors. Now he and the board are faced with the decision of how best to "unlock value" in the fund by delivering Net Asset Value (NAV) to shareholders. The case, which provides rich detail on the workings of closed-end funds (CEFs), invites students to examine the trade-offs among liquidating the fund, converting it to an open-end fund, or carrying out a self-tender offer. It also raises topics of fund selection and investing in country-specific funds such as Mexico.

If you're seeking attention from investors and analysts, the press can be a convenient megaphone. Cultivating relationships with the media takes patience, but the payoffs in both good times and bad are priceless.

The financial success of dairy farms depends critically on the price of their main output, milk. Large volatility in the price of milk poses a considerable business risk to dairy farms. This is particularly true for family-run dairy farms. The question then arises: how can a farm owner hedge the milk price risk? The standard approach to establish a price floor for a commodity such as milk is to purchase put options on commodity futures. At the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, farmers can buy put options on the price of a variety of milk products. However, the price a farm receives for its milk depends on many factors and is unique to the farm. Thus, a farmer cannot directly buy put options on the price he receives for the milk his farm produces. Instead the farmer needs to determine which of the options available for trade at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange offer the best hedge for his own milk price. The assignment in this case is to examine historical data on several prices of milk products and the milk price received by a family-run dairy farm in California. Students need to find the price that is most closely correlated to the farm's milk price and to then choose options with the appropriate strike price that serve as the best hedge for the farm's price risk.

Freeport-McMoRan's acquisition of Phelps Dodge created the world's largest publicly traded copper company. JPMorgan and Merrill Lynch advised the acquirer and arranged $17.5 billion in debt financing and $1.5 billion in credit facilities. In addition, these two firms underwrote $5 billion in equity capital through simultaneous offerings of Freeport-McMoRan common shares and mandatory convertible preferred shares. These financings created an optimal capital structure for the company that resulted in stronger credit ratings. The activities of the equity capital markets and sales groups at the underwriting firms are explored and the structure and benefits of mandatory convertible preferred shares is explained.

An asset management company must replace the manager of its two signature mutual funds, who is about to retire. Two candidates have been short-listed. The management team is divided and cannot decide which of the two candidates would make the better mutual fund manager. The retiring manager presents a linear regression model to examine success factors of mutual fund managers. This linear regression is the starting point for the subsequent analysis.