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The chief executive officer (CEO) of Freshii Inc., a leading Canadian-based, international franchised restaurant chain, had developed a distinctive corporate culture at the restaurant's head office. In July 2017, Freshii was expanding its healthy food, fast casual restaurants at the rate of about one store per week, and the CEO wanted to ensure a common culture in the chain's ecosystem. The task fell to the chief people officer to develop a plan that would take into consideration three developments that were relevant: the chain was on the verge of exponential growth; it was transforming from a restaurant brand to a health and wellness brand; and it was entering new lines of business by partnering with retail chains and airline companies. Given the diverse cultures at the store level, how could Freshii ensure a consistent corporate culture across the Freshii ecosystem? And how could Freshii convert its corporate culture to become both a sustainable and scalable competitive advantage?

Fluorescent Group (Fluorescent) was an Indian company specializing in manufacturing filament products that were used in incandescent light bulbs. It had been a market leader for over 30 years, and by 2017, it had seven group companies and over 400 employees. Its filament products were exported to 15 countries and sold in the domestic market. However, the group's chief managing director had begun to embrace the concept of wellness and believed that the wellness industry might be an attractive future business option, since it offered ideal remedies for people leading hectic and stressful lives in the large cities of India.<br><br>Changes in the lighting industry meant the market for Fluorescent's filament products was in decline and was no longer generating profits. Should Fluorescent simply adapt to the changes in the lighting industry and manufacture LED-related products? Or should it support only a few custom orders for the lighting industry while venturing into the manufacturing of blue water equipment? Alternatively, should it consider exiting the lighting industry entirely and manufacturing only wellness products like blue water equipment or rejuvenation centres?

In 2017, the French film producer and distributor EuropaCorp S.A. (EuropaCorp) announced a historical record loss of €119.9 million. The company had almost doubled its revenues between 2001 and 2010 by using an integrated studio model, but the recent losses had been substantial. After entering into a number of international joint production and marketing ventures, the company reported its highest revenues to date in 2015, only to announce in July 2016 that the company had incurred significant losses and that its revenues were the lowest since 2008. Once again, the company tried to turn itself around, strengthening its position by focusing on the founder's core business and making some financial adjustments. A capital increase resulted in a positive shift in EuropaCorp's shareholding structure; however, the company was still experiencing losses and was anticipating a continuing loss into the next year. Was there anything more EuropaCorp could do to change its position?

Shanghai Contron Information Technology Co., Ltd. was a small technology company in Shanghai, China, established in 2011. The company's main customer was the government, and sales management was the company's primary department. In a rapidly expanding market, the company moved very quickly from the start-up phase to the growth phase. In 2016, the company's chief executive officer faced challenges in terms of obtaining, stimulating, and managing sales talent, and improving the leading role of the sales department. What could the chief executive officer do to address these challenges?

On July 4, 2016, the president of Pathfinder Career System Inc. (PCS), based in Montreal, Canada, was preparing to meet with his company's advisory board to present a comprehensive plan mapping out the growth and financing strategy for the business, which he acquired in 2011. PCS was a career assessment system that used 85 behavioural attributes and 35 career themes to predict potential job performance. The company had sales of approximately $1.4 million at the end of 2015, and the president aimed to attain revenue of $22 million by the end of 2021; however, the company faced several challenges. PCS had limited organizational structures and resources. The company needed to raise investment capital; develop a marketing plan; instill a sales culture; define its customers; and establish a brand name, vision, and mission. PCS's president needed to finalize a plan to overcome these challenges by the launch date of September 2016.

In 2015, National Hockey League (NHL) commissioner Gary Bettman was weighing two major decisions: whether to expand the league to a new city, and whether to conclude a digital media rights deal with Major League Baseball Advanced Media (MLBAM). Expansion required a careful balance between the needs of existing teams, and of parallel fan bases in the U.S. and Canada. Between two candidate expansion cities, Las Vegas, NV and Quebec, QC, Bettman would have to decide to expand to either, neither, or both. If the NHL accepted MLBAM's offer, it would be one of sports' first digital media rights deals, and the first time one major sport had outsourced its digital media production to another. This case also explores the history of the National Hockey League and labor relations between the league and its players.

This note on warfare summarizes treatises by Chinese (e.g., Sun Tzu, The Art of War, ca. 500 BC) and Japanese (e.g., Miyamoto Musashi, The Book of Five Rings, 1643 AD) warriors, reviews their philosophies and leadership lessons, and offers modern applications.

In June 2018, Toys "R" Us, Inc. officially closed its doors in the United States and left the US retail landscape, marking the demise of the former "category killer." Although Toys "R" Us (Canada) Ltd. had survived eight months of bankruptcy protection, it found itself fighting two concurrent battles: clarifying the confusion regarding its lack of inclusion in the closure of the 735 US locations, and addressing the desperate need to rebrand in a changing retail landscape that continually placed more value on digital operations and sleek, experiential store designs. How should Toys "R" Us (Canada) Ltd. position itself to address the growing online threat and prevent itself from following in the footsteps of its American counterpart?

In 2016, the newly appointed president and chief executive officer of the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO), an alcoholic beverages retailer and a Crown corporation of the province of Ontario in Canada, was weighing his options in developing and executing a strategy for organizational transformation. The trigger for transformation was external. The provincial government, which fully owned the LCBO, had decided to allow grocery stores to sell alcoholic beverages. What strategy should the chief executive officer use to ensure the LCBO would be relevant to its existing and future customers and therefore remain a competitive player in the market?

This case study describes the strategic dilemmas that Nestlé faces as it embarks on developing an innovative digital nutrition platform for Japan. Although health food is a key growth area for the worldwide food and beverage industry, the choice of Japan is due to its increasingly aging population and stronger consumer interest in healthy lifestyles and diet. The case study describes the regulatory framework, consumer choices and habits, market structure, distribution channels as well as the opportunities and challenges in using consumer data for digital nutrition initiatives in Japan. It presents Nestlé's activities in Japan and the outcomes there of its digital initiatives to penetrate the health food segment. The case closes by presenting the different strategies that are available to Nestlé to accelerate the adoption and use of its digital nutrition platform, highlighting the opportunities and dilemmas that each strategy presents for Nestlé. Learning objective: 1. How companies can leverage digital technologies to create differentiated value for their customers/consumers that goes beyond traditional products and services. 2. How an industry incumbent develops a digital platform-based business through a partners' ecosystem. 3. How companies can capitalize on data capture and analysis while ensuring the privacy of consumer data. 4. How to create a sound business innovation by leveraging the specificities of a given market in terms of demographics and regulation.

Supplement to case E658A

SINGAPORE, SEPTEMBER 2018. A Unilever internal venturing effort, UI was started in Singapore by Unilever veterans to substitute the rather inefficient operating companies' (OpCos) export units with a dedicated group focused on exploiting the group's "white spaces" - non-core brands, consumer segments (such as diasporas and religious sub-groups), new channels (such as airports and cruises) and geographies - not big enough to merit attention from the Unilever OpCos. The group proved quickly its value proposition, doubling the turnover it inherited in less than four years, with higher margins and growth rates than the mother company. By 2016, Aseem was entrusted with organizing the marketing function, setting up a 15-person team based at HQ. The team managed 10,000+ brand/country cells remotely and had to rely heavily on digital marketing, using 3rd party resources, including open talent platforms, to gain leverage, cut costs and grow faster. It conducted 250 launches in the previous 18 months, while reducing advertising and promotion costs by 20%. Now Aseem had to take digital marketing to the next level. Should he increase spending limits per brand/country?

Our Call for Papers focused on breaking established patterns and models and showcasing management innovation in a world in which Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity (VUCA) reign. VUCA is both an outcome of disruptive innovation and a driver of it; and frequently VUCA is used as an excuse to avoid planning and action. While research has pursued the four elements independently, interaction and integration have been lacking. This article introduces three papers and offers 15 challenges as well as implicit and explicit recommendations to manage in the unpredictable and challenging VUCA world.

The world in which today's businesses operate has become not only riskier but also more volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA). Organizations that hew too closely to traditional ways of operating will be hampered in their ability to succeed. In contrast, those that focus on new product and process developments coupled with business model innovation will leverage their dynamic capabilities. An essential overlay is entrepreneurial leadership from top management teams. Strong dynamic capabilities are impossible without it. This article examines how business model innovations, dynamic capabilities, and strategic leadership intertwine to help organizations thrive in VUCA worlds.

Technology is rapidly changing, and customers are seeking not just products and services but experiences. Traditional approaches to strategic planning using product and technology roadmaps are no longer sufficient. This article describes the emergence of what the authors call "design roadmapping" approaches that are grounded in the creation of customer experiences, and which drive the choices of features, functionality, and technology. Design roadmapping provides stability for the future, even as technologies are changing, and keeps organizations more focused on the customers they are serving.

The sharing economy has emerged in recent years as a disruptive approach to traditional business models. Drawing on a multi-year research program and a design-based methodology, this article introduces a framework and generative tool called the Sharing Business Model Compass. As an actionable framework, the Compass helps elucidate the multiple, innovative forms sharing economy businesses are adopting. As a generative tool, it enables entrepreneurs, investors, incubators, and incumbents interested in entering the sharing economy to create, present, and evolve a compelling sharing business model as well as evaluate its extent of robustness.

Many B2B companies seek to grow beyond traditional product lines by venturing into new services. Yet they often overlook the opportunity to capture sales from free services they provide. This article outlines the free-to-fee, or F2F, service transition. It shows how to inventory free services (categorizing them as profit drains, distributor delights, competitive weapons, or gold nuggets) and lays out a path for profitably generating revenues.

In 2013, the Swiss sports data company Sportradar debated whether to expand from its core business of data provision to bookmakers into sports media products. Sports data was becoming a commodity, and in the future, sports leagues might reduce their dependence on third-party data feeds such as Sportradar's, prefering to develop data services in-house. Thus, CEO Carsten Koerl believed the company needed to branch into sports media, not just supplying data to companies, but finding ways to tell stories about that data. However, Sportradar's core business was thriving, whereas a recent attempt to branch out into video player tracking systems had proved a costly failure. The team weighed the pros and cons of various media ventures, including online sports betting minigames, a social media site, and streaming of sports content.

Lately, people analytics--using statistical insights from employee data to manage talent--has gotten a lot of hype and even won mainstream acceptance. Yet most firms lack an understanding of which talent dimensions drive performance in their organizations. Why? Their analytics examine only the "attributes" of employees, when people's "interactions" are equally, if not more, telling. Research shows that a lot of employees' success can be explained by their relationships--something that's the focus of a new discipline, "relational analytics." The key is finding "structural signatures": patterns in social networks that predict who will have good ideas, which employees have the most influence (it's not senior leaders), which teams will be efficient, which will innovate best, where silos exist, and which employees firms can't afford to lose. This article describes what indicators to watch for and how most firms already have the raw material they need to build relational analytics models: the "digital exhaust" from their internal communications.

The case describes the scenario that faced Thijs Thijssen and Brother Isaac, co-CEOs of the Netherlands-based La Trappe Brewery, in 2015 as they considered how to consolidate the success they had had with the business since Thijssen had joined the organisation in 2005 and build on this success for the future. Sales had risen throughout 2013 and 2014 and La Trappe had been exporting its beer to markets outside the Netherlands for a few years, with exports now making up 40% of the company's revenue. This rise in revenue had allowed the brewery to expand capacity and facilities again, and in 2014 they had stopped producing beer under licence for Bavaria, another Netherlands-based brewing company, from whom they received a share of royalties on sales. Thijssen now calculated that the brewery could potentially double the production of La Trappe beers within the existing buildings and facilities. To prepare for the future, Thijssen and Brother Isaac wanted to map out the company's strategy, in a way that could be understood by all employees. One pertinent issue was their use of foreign agents to secure exports. These were sometimes difficult to vet in terms of whether they were using channels and methods consistent with La Trappe's brand and vision; in New Zealand, for example, Thijssen had discovered that the agent had no contacts in bars and restaurants, but instead went directly to retail, a model La Trappe had eschewed in the Netherlands in order to protect brand identity. To sort out these issues and establish a clear path to sustainable growth, Thijssen and Brother Isaac began the process of mapping out a future strategy, with the help of executives from Bavaria. One question in particular vexed Thijssen: he could not figure out why the brewery had grown so rapidly over the last six years, given the challenging economic climate. It seemed very counter-intuitive.