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Prompted by a takeover bid from CVC, Betfair reassesses the strengths and weaknesses of the exchange model.

Betfair reconsiders its approach to international gambling markets amid regulatory uncertainty.

CEO Tim Cook confronts multiple issues that each relate to identifying a source of longer-term growth at Apple, as it becomes increasingly dependent on iPhone revenues. Since Steve Jobs' death, Cook has successfully led Apple and made it the first company to be worth more than $800 billion. However, under Cook's leadership, Apple has largely released derivatives of existing products (e.g., iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, etc.). This has increased Apple's reliance on the iPhone (~70 percent of revenues), and Apple appears to be following a path to sell complementary products to the iPhone (Beats, Apple Pay, Apple Watch, Air Pods) at the same time that it is pursuing product development (Apple TV, Apple Car, Siri Speaker). The Apple Watch was the first new product category introduced under Tim Cook, and it has not been successful. As industry convergence continues, the case also looks at Apple's main competitors: Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Microsoft, and Samsung, as well as emerging Chinese competitors. Apple's sales in China are also declining.

In February 2015, technical staff reviewed the results from a jointly conducted study on malaria control. This study had major implications for malaria in Zambia-and elsewhere. The preliminary analysis strongly suggested that the study's Mass Drug Administration (MDA) strategy was reducing the incidence of malaria disease. In addition, MDA seemed to be driving down the infection reservoir among asymptomatic people in the study area of the Southern Province of Zambia. Further analysis with mathematical models indicated that if the intervention was sustained so current trends continued, then the MDA strategy would make it possible to eliminate malaria in the Southern Province. If malaria could be eliminated in one region of Zambia, that would provide new evidence and motivation to work towards elimination throughout the country, an ambitious goal. But it would not be easy to move from conducting one technical study in a single region to creating a national strategy for malaria elimination. The scientists realized that their new data and analyses-of malaria infections, mosquito populations, and community health worker activities-were not enough. A national malaria elimination effort would require mobilizing many partners, national and local leaders, and community members, and convincing them to get on board with this new approach.

An exercise that takes students through five stages of growth in an entrepreneurial start-up in the medical devices industry: 1) founding, 2) growth, 3) push to profitability, 4) relocation process, and 5) takeover by new management. At each stage, students must confront tensions in balancing profit, growth and control. Difficulties encountered in the business are due to management's attempts to design and use formal control systems to achieve profit and performance goals.

An exercise that takes students through five stages of growth in an entrepreneurial start-up in the medical devices industry: 1) founding, 2) growth, 3) push to profitability, 4) refocusing process, and 5) takeover by new management. At each stage, students must confront tensions in balancing profit, growth and control. Difficulties encountered in the business are due to management's attempts to design and use formal control systems to achieve profit and performance goals.

Supplements the (A) case. Designed as an in-class handout.

Supplements the (A) case. Designed as an in-class handout.

Supplements the (A) case. Designed as an in-class handout.

Supplements the (A) case. Designed as an in-class handout.

The case begins with Ed Bastian, Delta's CEO, reflecting on his one-year anniversary. Ed took over at Delta following its successful recovery from the 2008 "great recession" and then experienced multiple challenges, including: pilots demanding and receiving increased pay and multiple instances where thousands of flights were cancelled due to information technology issues. Delta Air Lines also faces a shift toward a more diverse population in the United States, and increased competition from rapidly expanding airlines from the Middle East such as Etihad Airways, Emirates, and Qatar Airways. More recently, European ultra-low cost carriers such as Norwegian Air Shuttle or Iceland's WOW have entered selected transatlantic routes, connecting the U.S. East Coast to Europe. Historically, Delta had focused more on activities associated with aircraft operations and maintenance, and customer service. However, Delta Air Lines' recent problems suggest a need to focus on Delta's technology infrastructure and human resource management. In considering everything going on internally at Delta and in its industry, CEO Bastian wonders-what other challenges have been overlooked?

Approximately 1.1 billion residents of India (99% of the population) had a unique biometric identity-Aadhaar-by 2017. In six years, the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) had achieved an unprecedented milestone in emerging and developed markets. The stated objective was to create a corruption-proof social security infrastructure that enables the disenfranchised to access benefits without any diversion to middlemen and unscrupulous elements. While initially voluntary, this scheme was made mandatory in 2017 by the GOI (Government of India). What are the positive and negative implications of this, specifically related to economic development of the majority and the privacy of the individual?

Rakesh Sarna, MD and CEO of the Indian Hotels Company ltd (IHCL) was faced with the challenge of leading and embedding changes in IHCL to turnaround its trajectory. IHCL and its subsidiaries, headquartered in India, were a venerable hotel chain, collectively known as Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces, and colloquially referred to as Taj Hotels. Taj Hotels, revered across India for their values and renowned for their hospitality, had been plagued with performance challenges since Dec'08. It was August 2016, nearly two years since Sarna had been recruited from the Hyatt Hotels Corporation, with a mandate to revive the flagging fortunes of Taj Hotels. Having introduced a number of changes, Sarna reflects on progress made and next steps required.

Rob Rosenstein, the co-founder of Agoda.com, had a difficult task ahead of him. Agoda had been acquired by a global online travel giant - the Priceline group in 2007. The terms of the acquisition were based on a three year earn-out period following which Priceline would pay Agoda the bulk of the acquisition pay-out. However, by 2008, Agoda was in dire need to improve its revenue figures, and the Priceline Group's board was pessimistic of Agoda's chances of hitting its earn-out targets. The general assumption was that the Asia based start-up's assets would be gobbled up and integrated into the group as part of its much larger and profitable western brand. Rosenstein, however, believed in the strengths of his company - a venture he had co-founded with Michael Kenny in 2005 in Singapore. Agoda.com was one of the first online travel platforms in Asia to build its business globally and attract travellers from all parts of the world. By the late 2000's however, Agoda had lost its dominance in Asia, with the emergence of global players in the market and rising competition from Chinese online travel agencies (OTA's). Other challenges like technology disruption, a fragmented and diversified Asian market, unstable political environment in Thailand (Agoda's largest office was in Bangkok at the time) and difficulty in attracting the right talent, obstructed its growth path as well. In December 2009, heightened concerns over the future of Agoda prompted Rosenstein to sit with his team and formulate a strategy to enable Agoda to hit its earn-out targets within the stipulated three year period ending in 2010. How could Agoda grow its business and revenue? How could it improve on its marketing strategy, further build its supply and attract more consumers to make bookings on its website? How could Rosenstein make the acquisition work?

This note contains some tips and best practices that drive effective nonprofit boards. The note will also examine the key responsibilities of nonprofit boards, and identify gaps in the effectiveness of these boards.

Cotopaxi, an innovative outdoor gear business targeting millennials, focuses on profit and social impact. This registered benefit corporation was formed by Davis Smith who coalesced his experiences as a Wharton MBA student along with professional knowledge from an unpaid internship in Peru and his previous e-commerce startups in the US and Brazil. Cotopaxi's social cause is fighting global poverty; their target is to donate 10% of their profits but as a new capital-intensive business they give 2% of their revenue. Their income streams are mainly direct to consumer sales along with corporate sales and a special experience based event-Questival. Their direct to consumer model lowers costs compared to competitors and allows Cotopaxi to offer lower prices, but they face a challenge in positioning their products as high quality.

In January 2017, a Canadian farmer and entrepreneur faced a challenging decision about the future of his two businesses: a farming operation and a trucking operation. After the hectic 2016 farming and trucking season, he began to compare his 2016 and 2015 financial statements for the farming business, Meakin Farms Inc., and the trucking business, Meakin Industrial Ag Corp. While both organizations remained viable, he wondered what he should do for 2017 and beyond, given the unique structure of the businesses and the vast uncertainty of the agricultural industry. Should he pursue an expansion, a contraction, or should he maintain the current levels of business? He needed to identify a strategic direction that would balance the size and scope of his businesses while accounting for environmental risks.

This case explores the introduction of fleet management in the construction industry by the premium power tools manufacturer Hilti in 2000. Following its customers' needs, Hilti moved from selling power tools to leasing them as a service. The introduction of the new business model contributed significantly to the success of Hilti, since it sustainably differentiated the company from its competitors. For instance, the adoption of fleet management resulted in customer loyalty levels five times higher than under the dominant business model Hilti had formerly employed, and over-proportioned profit contribution at Hilti. Hilti's Chief Technology Officer described the importance of the innovation as follows: "Hilti developed many very innovative and successful products over the years, but they paled in comparison with the fleet management business model, which was the most important innovation in Hilti's history." All told, Hilti, which had about 22,000 employees and made about 4.5 billion Swiss Francs (or $4.589 billion USD) in sales in 2015, managed 1.5 million tools under fleet management contracts in 40 countries, resulting in a contract value of more than 1.2 billion Swiss Francs (approximately $1.4 billion USD). Case A describes the strategic decision-making process regarding the introduction of fleet management in its early planning stages. Case B (separate) tackles the implementation and scaling process of fleet management over the years and explores current challenges facing the BMI.

The (B) case tackles the implementation and scaling process of fleet management over the years. Finally, the case explores current challenges facing the BMI.

Mylan and it's CEO, Heather Bresch, were under attack for a multitude of large price increases in their life saving pharmaceutical, the EpiPen. The U.S. Congress, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA), and millions of people considered at risk and in need of access to EpiPen injectors, wanted to know why and how those price increases had happened.