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Despite an abundance of raw data, few organizations have figured out how to parse and analyze all that information to reveal the best opportunities for growth. Even fewer have attempted to structure and manage themselves to match the texture of the markets in which they play. But a fine-grained understanding of company performance and markets is critical, especially during an economic downturn, which calls for a nuanced approach to cutting costs and making long-term investments. Baghai, Smit, and Viguerie urge firms to target narrower market slices and to measure sources of growth - market momentum, mergers and acquisitions, and market share gains - in a more detailed way. When they reviewed growth patterns of global firms from 1999 to 2006, they found that companies can get a much more accurate picture of growth prospects by digging deeply into micromarkets (typically ranging from $50 million to $200 million in value) than by looking at the division-level performance numbers commonly used for measuring, organizing, and managing. The authors examine several companies - including Amazon and Ping An - that have benefitted from greater granularity. For instance, one large European manufacturer of personal-care products went beyond an aggregated view of performance and discovered that some of its higher-growth segments were lurking in the unit with the lowest overall growth rate. Another company, an integrated telecommunications service provider, retooled its marketing mix - making fewer roughly calculated media trade-offs (television versus direct mail versus radio) and instead selecting the right media within narrowly defined regions for specific lines of business. As a result, it boosted sales between 10% and 15% in several regions and increased average lifetime customer value by 15%.

Though they have feel-good stories and data on milestones, most ventures that serve the world's poor don't have a systematic way to gauge how well they're achieving their goals. To address that need, London, the director of the University of Michigan's Base of the Pyramid Initiative, has devised a new tool. London's Base of the Pyramid Impact Assessment Framework explores how ventures influence the well-being of local buyers, sellers, and communities. It guides managers through a detailed look at an organization's effects on those constituencies in three areas: economics, capabilities, and relationships. The framework examines negative as well as positive effects - for instance, whether activities that increase the income of the poor also prompt them to mistreat arable land. It helps managers focus success measures on the most likely high-magnitude outcomes. VisionSpring, which trains rural women to provide affordable eye care in India, knew it had improved the economic fortunes of its microentrepreneurs. After applying the framework, however, the venture had an appreciation of its impact on some of its buyers: artisans whose eyesight had deteriorated with age. The nonprofit's glasses boosted the artisans' productivity, income, and dignity. VisionSpring also uncovered negative effects - strife and jealousy in families that weren't used to women's working outside the home. The organization helped ease those tensions by encouraging the women's spouses to become involved in product distribution, thus improving their relationships and reducing the risk that sellers might quit. The more holistic, fact-based view provided by London's framework has helped VisionSpring make better decisions about how to enhance positive effects, mitigate negative ones, and demonstrate clear value to potential funders and partners.

While Western companies struggle with mergers and acquisitions, emerging giants like Indian aluminum producer Hindalco are using M&A as their main globalization strategy. That's partly because developing economies grew at near double-digit rates in the past 15 years, enabling many enterprises to make acquisitions. It's also because, according to the author's research, those corporations create more value from takeovers. To compete, Western multinationals should change their mind-set and shift the locus of their M&A efforts to regional headquarters in developing countries. U.S. and European companies, inhibited by slow-growing home markets, acquire rivals primarily to become bigger and thus create economies of scale. By contrast, emerging giants buy companies - often Western ones - to gain competencies that will help them become global leaders. They acquire only to meet strategic goals; they don't completely assimilate acquisitions; and their CEOs focus on the long term. Using this approach, Hindalco boosted revenues in seven years from $500 million to $15 billion. It acquired companies to expand its aluminum business, manufacture more value-added products, and extend its global reach. Rather than immediately seek targets overseas, the company patiently executed small takeovers, first in India and later abroad, before making a big global play. With each move, Hindalco climbed what the author calls an M&A competency stairway, gaining the skills it needed to pursue other targets. When it was ready, Hindalco bought Novelis, a North American corporation more than twice its size. Because of the global downturn, Hindalco will not realize the benefits of that acquisition as quickly as it had expected. But the fact that the company developed and adhered to a long-term M&A strategy will help it ride out the storm.

In October 2008, Dr. Richard Mgaga, Head of the Malaria Control Programme in Uganda reviewed the monthly malaria statistics report for the district of Apac, which in April of 2008 had undergone a pilot indoor residual spraying (IRS) program using DDT in a campaign to prevent mosquitoes from biting and spreading malaria. The campaign was halted by a court injunction requested by organic farmers, exporters and environmentalists in May 2008, and the injunction was upheld by the High Court in June. In early August, the Uganda Health Ministry began spraying a pyrethroid insecticide in place of DDT. Meanwhile the Ugandan Attorney General was challenging the High Court's decision. Dr. Mugaga was under pressure by the Presidential Malaria Initiative (PMI) to undertake a full program of IRS in 300,000 households in the northern districts of Uganda, including Apac. However, he was unsure whether to proceed, given the opposition and apparent problems that surfaced when the Apac pilot was implemented.

Is an institution that instills fear in many people a good spot to set up shop? Yes, say the authors, whose research shows that hospital lobbies are places where businesses can connect with consumers.

It's well known that stock markets react more favorably if a company is bought with cash rather than with stock. But the opposite holds true for just a business unit. Here's why.

In Chile, as in much of Latin America, business is identified with right-wing politics. Two Spanish multinationals found a simple but effective way to overcome this historical prejudice so that they could establish a productive relationship with the present left-wing government.

Despite the availability of many methodologies, management approaches, and literature on strategy execution, research suggests that seven out of ten organizations fail to successfully execute their strategies. However, three out of ten organizations do appear to succeed. To find out what these organizations do differently, ten key management elements for successful strategy execution were identified from the literature as well as seven business benefits that could be realized if these elements were performed effectively. Next, 93 organizations were surveyed, followed by focus group meetings with senior managers. While mastery of formal methodologies and development of business cases are important, successful strategy execution is critically dependent on having a portfolio of change programs that are explicitly aligned with the organization's strategy. Further, this portfolio needs to be supported by the strategic leadership team and managed within a culture conducive to change. There are specific actions that organizations need to take to identify which elements of their strategy execution capability need to improve in order to take their performance to the next level.

With companies being exhorted to become more strategically agile and internally connected, this article examines the role of the Senior Strategy Director, the executive tasked specifically with internal strategy. In particular, it explores what they do, what specific capabilities they deploy to enable effective contribution to the company, and in what ways they facilitate the connectedness of strategy. An analysis of multiple interviews over time with Senior Strategy Directors of large companies shows the vital and challenging role these executives play in both shaping, connecting up, and executing strategy. This article identifies the particular capabilities necessary for Senior Strategy Directors to perform their role and shows how it all depends upon their skillful deployment. These findings have significant implications for understanding unfolding micro-processes of strategy in large organizations, for assumptions about the skills and capabilities necessary to be an effective Senior Strategy Director, and for business schools in terms of the content and style of strategy courses they provide.

Can the return of its founding CEO turn a lagging Starbucks around? Howard Shultz must map a strategy that addresses the company's decreasing sales and perhaps too rapid growth. Had the previous CEO's efforts to streamline operations compromised the Starbucks experience or was a changing economy to blame? Schultz considers whether to close existing stores, slow U.S. growth while expanding overseas, and improve the customer experience, which he believed had eroded the company's value proposition.

The founder and president of Nuway Software (Nuway) must determine the pricing strategy for their new internally-developed mobile software product, Nulogic. Nuway develops custom mobile software applications that provide great competitive advantage to each of their customers; no two software modules it develops are similar. Nuway is now ready to market Nulogic as a stand-alone product and has identified three unique customer segments: Corporate in-house developers, competitors and independent software developers. The company has historically followed a cost-plus pricing model and has maintained positive profit margins. The software industry as a whole is moving towards value-based pricing, where cost is based on perceived value to the customer. The president does not favor value-based pricing and views it as price-gouging; however, he is aware that cost-plus pricing has limitations with regards to cost accuracy. By considering the entire software industry, Nuway's capabilities and his own preferences, the president must determine how to price the new software.

Symbian, maker of a leading mobile smartphone operating system, faces new competition from Google and Apple. Symbian evaluates changes to its software and its relationships with distributors in order to meet these competitors.

Supplements the (A) case.

In 2005, Partners In Health (PIH) was invited by the Rwandan Ministry of Health to assume responsibility for the management of public health care in two rural districts in Eastern Rwanda and create an HIV treatment program at these sites. PIH successfully implemented a comprehensive program focusing on 4 principles: health systems improvement, HIV prevention and care, accompaniment, and social and economic support. By January 2007, the Rwinkwavu site had conducted 67,137 HIV tests and provided antiretroviral therapy to more than 2,000 patients, of which, fewer than 1% had been switched to second-line drug regimens, 3.8% had died and only one patient had been lost to follow up. A costing analysis done by the Clinton HIV/AIDS Initiative suggested that the model could feasibly be spread to other districts. Dr. Agnes Binagwaho, Executive Director of Rwanda's National AIDS Control Commission and her colleagues in the Ministry of Health are contemplating how the program could be improved and whether it should be expanded nationally.

Less than a week before Barack Obama was due to be sworn in as the 44th president of the United States, Obama for America (OFA), the president-elect's official campaign organization, announced the formation of a post-election organization, Organizing for America. The new organization would keep the campaign field team offices open after Obama took charge of the country for the express purpose of influencing supporters to back his administration's agenda. The case describes the activities of the Obama for America campaign and asks whether the new president should use social media tools to activate the grassroots, or whether he should abandon these unconventional tools in order not to upset politicians in Washington.

The high-speed internet industry was one of the fastest growing and fastest evolving industries in the Republic of Korea. From the first telephone line-based high-speed internet service in 1996 to hybrid fiber coaxial to asymmetric DSL in late 1999, access speeds made available to end users jumped from 128 kilobits per second to 10 megabits per second. By 2008, services offered had also evolved from pure internet access to triple-play service, which bundled IPTV, high-speed internet and telephone services. Likewise, players in the industry included telecommunications companies from the early days as well as new players, such as system operators ("SOs") and multiple system operators ("MSOs"). With new technologies and services appearing at a breakneck speed, the face of competition was constantly evolving.      

In January 2008, Samsung Electronics won 32 innovation and design engineering awards at the Consumer Electronics Show, the largest show of its kind in the world. Samsung Electronics' management believed that the awards were an endorsement (or "vindication") of the company's investment in product design and innovation. However, the company found its competitive advantage diminishing quickly due to commoditization of research and development ("R&D"), product design and innovation processes. This is a management strategy case that explores product design, innovation strategies and strategic planning in a changing competitive landscape. While investment in R&D and product design has rewarded Samsung Electronics with its dominant market position and premium brand perception, such dominance may not be sustainable in the long run, especially now that competitors are achieving higher profitability with lower investments in R&D per product. The case also discusses such issues as product design philosophies, innovation strategies, localization of products, product design outsourcing for consumer electronics products.

Studies that examine high-performing companies to unearth the secrets of their success have a critical flaw: Very few of those companies are truly remarkable. Data analysis reveals that most owe their success to luck, not smart practices. That puts the prescriptions of success studies in a whole new light.

Often, the greater a firm's experience in forming alliances, the worse the performance of those alliances. That's most likely because those firms have become overconfident of their skills and drawn faulty conclusions about which practices lead to success. A focus on experimentation and adaptation can help break that pattern.