個案總覽

In 2006, Hermann Gudmundsson (the chief executive officer [CEO] of Bilanaust, an Icelandic automotive spare parts retailer) was part of a group of partners that had purchased Esso Iceland. He had subsequently been appointed to the CEO position at Esso Iceland. The two companies were quite different: Bilanaust dealt with real-time customer needs, carried a wide range of products, and enjoyed a rising market share and profits. Esso Iceland was 12 times the size of Bilanaust, skilled at developing and executing medium- to long-term strategies, and was operating in a stagnated market. Gudmundsson evaluated the opportunities in front of him: could a successful merger be wrought from the two companies or would it be better to maintain two separate entities? He determined that a lot of work would need to be done to gain consensus around the right strategic direction for the future. Careful thought identified three areas of initial focus: 1) improving staff morale; 2) creating a sense of optimism; 3) placing effective leaders at key points in the organization.

Hermann Gudmundsson, the CEO of Esso Iceland (provider of fuel and lubricants) was expected to begin merging Esso Iceland with Bilanaust, an Icelandic automotive spare parts retailer with the end result of a unified entity that would be dominant in its respective industries. The Icelandic economy was growing at favourable rates and Esso had enjoyed its position as the leading fuel provider in Iceland for the past 60 years with 40 per cent of the market. Gudmundsson and his partners bought Esso Iceland in 2006 from a private equity firm that had been focused on stripping Esso Iceland down to its core fuel business, using staff reductions as part of a cost-reduction program. Gudmundsson believed that Esso Iceland had untapped wealth that could only be enhanced by the cross-selling synergies formed as a result of a successful integration of over 500 accounts in the two companies. His overriding concern was to lead the combined organization to achieve these goals in the next two years without destroying shareholder value.

Hermann Gudmundsson, the new chief executive officer (CEO) of both Esso Iceland (provider of fuel and lubricants) and Bilanaust (an automotive spare parts retailer) was starting to develop an organizational strategy to carry the two firms forward for the next few years. His overriding concern was to create value for themselves and the customers they served, and Gudmundsson considered several methods to achieve that goal: should each company be led and managed on a stand-alone basis, or would a formal merger bring the hoped-for synergies? He determined that the best approach would be to capture an accurate picture of the talent existing in both organizations but was unsure of the best method to sort, rank and evaluate the talent existing in each of Esso Iceland and Bilanaust. Ultimately, he wanted to create a list of objectives for the evaluation program and methods to implement the findings.

By December 2006, Hermann Gudmundsson (the chief executive officer of both Esso Iceland and Bilanaust) had spent the past 10 months evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of both organizations, and determined that the best approach going forward would be to, "consider creating a new organization with a new structure and a new brand name." He weighed the advantages, disadvantages and costs of either retaining two separate companies and their associated brand-image, or merging into one new organization. Gudmundsson was facing resistance from both the board of directors and three different advertising agencies to forgo the Esso brand; but with an ultimate mandate to increase shareholder value he needed to figure out the best method, from a branding perspective, to achieve that objective.

In December 2006, Hermann Gudmundsson (the chief executive officer of both Esso Iceland and Bilanaust) announced to employees of both companies that a merger was to occur. Various workshops were held to involve employees in the developing structure of the new organization, resulting in a tenable logistics strategy and increased trust between members of the different organizations. By April 2007, Gudmundsson and his team had merged the two organizations, created a new company name and designed a new logo. On the official launch day, over 800 employees were expected to be in attendance as Gudmundsson unveiled the new brand. Gudmundsson wanted to deliver a memorable speech that captured all the excitement and conveyed the right message of the brand going forward - but was unsure of what issues to address in the speech and concepts he should emphasize to create the right first impression.

By the end of 2007, Hermann Gudmundsson (the chief executive officer of N1 - created from the merger between Esso Iceland and Bilanaust) was focused on building trust within his organization. By involving employees in decision-making, N1 had received valuable suggestions on effective business operations. But Gudmundsson had noted a lack of chemistry between employees of the two former firms, and thought that a stumbling block to better relations was the separate clubs or societies for Esso Iceland and Bilanaust employees. After human resources was unable to find a satisfactory resolution, Gudmundsson reluctantly stepped in to render his opinion on how to resolve the issue.

By October 2008, the merger of Esso Iceland and Bilanaust into the new company N1 was considered a success. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) was on its way to doubling in three years, and cross-selling was gaining traction. But N1's plans were under threat of derailing due to a looming currency crisis. In October 2008, the Icelandic banking sector collapsed. Gudmundsson called upon his team to determine what internal and external changes needed to be made to remain viable and productive now that they were without access to commercial credit.

Economist Andrew Zimbalist explores the disconnect between colleges in fiscal crisis and the ballooning salaries of those college's football coaches. Many argue that market forces dictate the steep salaries in college athletics, but Zimbalist's research finds that the high pay does not correlate to performance and in fact it makes no economic sense. Colleges should rethink how much they're willing to give these CEOs with headsets.

Though companies now invest heavily in mentoring and developing their best female talent, all that attention doesn't translate into promotions. A Catalyst survey of over 4,000 high potentials shows that more women than men have mentors-yet women are paid $4,600 less in their first post-MBA jobs, hold lower-level positions, and feel less career satisfaction. To better understand why, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with 40 participants in a mentoring program at a large multinational. All mentoring is not created equal, they discovered. Only sponsorship involves advocacy for advancement. The interviews and survey alike indicate that, compared with their male peers, high potential women are overmentored, undersponsored, and not advancing in their organizations. Without sponsorship, women not only are less likely than men to be appointed to top roles but may also be more reluctant to go for them. Organizations such as Deutsche Bank, Unilever, Sodexo, and IBM Europe have established sponsorship programs to facilitate the promotion of high-potential women. Programs that get results clarify and communicate their goals, match sponsors and mentees on the basis of those goals, coordinate corporate and regional efforts, train sponsors, and hold those sponsors accountable.

Bob Antice is well-loved and famously connected in the music industry. For decades he was a star-the most successful salesman in the company's history, friend and mentor to generations of performers, and a sought-after speaker at industry events. Bob's work from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s put Powerful on top: The company outsold all its competitors for eight straight years in the 1980s. And when he wasn't finding new ways to sell records, Bob was discovering new performers the label's talent-and-repertoire staff had somehow missed. But now his sales are flagging, and the label's CEO wants him out. Bob's current manager isn't sure that what he offers as a mentor and a public face for Powerful is relevant in the age of iPads, Shazam, and Live Nation. Still, Bob has an important personal relationship with the label's most important performer. Should he stay or should he go? Two commentaries are attached to the case, one from Peter Cappelli and Bill Novelli, the authors of Managing the Older Worker, and the other from Tamara J. Erickson, the author of "Retire Retirement" and "What's Next, Gen X?"

Bob Antice is well-loved and famously connected in the music industry. For decades he was a star-the most successful salesman in the company's history, friend and mentor to generations of performers, and a sought-after speaker at industry events. Bob's work from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s put Powerful on top: The company outsold all its competitors for eight straight years in the 1980s. And when he wasn't finding new ways to sell records, Bob was discovering new performers the label's talent-and-repertoire staff had somehow missed. But now his sales are flagging, and the label's CEO wants him out. Bob's current manager isn't sure that what he offers as a mentor and a public face for Powerful is relevant in the age of iPads, Shazam, and Live Nation. Still, Bob has an important personal relationship with the label's most important performer. Should he stay or should he go? Two commentaries are attached to the case in R1009M and included in R1009Z, one from Peter Cappelli and Bill Novelli, the authors of Managing the Older Worker, and the other from Tamara J. Erickson, the author of "Retire Retirement" and "What's Next, Gen X?"

Bob Antice is well-loved and famously connected in the music industry. For decades he was a star-the most successful salesman in the company's history, friend and mentor to generations of performers, and a sought-after speaker at industry events. Bob's work from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s put Powerful on top: The company outsold all its competitors for eight straight years in the 1980s. And when he wasn't finding new ways to sell records, Bob was discovering new performers the label's talent-and-repertoire staff had somehow missed. But now his sales are flagging, and the label's CEO wants him out. Bob's current manager isn't sure that what he offers as a mentor and a public face for Powerful is relevant in the age of iPads, Shazam, and Live Nation. Still, Bob has an important personal relationship with the label's most important performer. Should he stay or should he go? Two commentaries are attached to the case in R1009M and included in R1009Z, one from Peter Cappelli and Bill Novelli, the authors of Managing the Older Worker, and the other from Tamara J. Erickson, the author of "Retire Retirement" and "What's Next, Gen X?"

The South-African founder of Yola, a San Francisco-based company that provides simple website creation software, has developed a vibrant business that went from eight to more than 40 employees in only a year. He has secured two rounds of funding from a South African venture capitalist, and the growth in the Yola user base has been exceeding that predicted in the business plan. Yet the business faces multiple challenges. There are offices in both Cape Town (because of both personal ties and a substantial cost advantage) and San Francisco (because of the need to be connected to the heart of the industry), but managing across a 10-hour time difference is challenging. The rapid growth in employees is also placing demands on the company in terms of integrating people into the culture, and in finding an appropriate organization structure. The business model for online offerings is also not yet established, and Yola has to deal with substantial complexity in terms of its revenue models. In addition, the market place is heating up, and Yola may be losing its relative position in the market place.The case maps the challenges of managing a successful company in an emerging and fast-growing industry, and specifically focuses on the integrated decisions that an entrepreneur has to take.

A technical consultant is travelling to New York Bakery, and eastern U.S. confectionery company that is under bankruptcy protection. The consultant's task is to assess New York Bakery's readiness for the installation of a new payroll system, which will help it move through the bankruptcy process. By his first week on the job, the consultant realizes that his task is greater than he imagined. In trying to help the organization prepare for the changeover, he faces a series of tough decisions that require his immediate attention. The objective of this case series is to expose students to leadership dilemmas that have to be decided upon in real-time. Collectively, the series of choices the consultant has to make will determine whether or not the project stays on track or is derailed. The series consists of cases A to J, product numbers C1023A to C1023J.

A technical consultant is traveling to New York Bakery, and eastern U.S. confectionery company that is under bankruptcy protection. The consultant's task is to assess New York Bakery's readiness for the installation of a new payroll system, which will help it move through the bankruptcy process. By his first week on the job, the consultant realizes that his task is greater than he imagined. In trying to help the organization prepare for the changeover, he faces a series of tough decisions that require his immediate attention. The objective of this case series is to expose students to leadership dilemmas that have to be decided upon in real-time. Collectively, the series of choices the consultant has to make will determine whether or not the project stays on track or is derailed. The series consists of cases A to J, product numbers C1023A to C1023J.

A technical consultant is travelling to New York Bakery, and eastern U.S. confectionery company that is under bankruptcy protection. The consultant's task is to assess New York Bakery's readiness for the installation of a new payroll system, which will help it move through the bankruptcy process. By his first week on the job, the consultant realizes that his task is greater than he imagined. In trying to help the organization prepare for the changeover, he faces a series of tough decisions that require his immediate attention. The objective of this case series is to expose students to leadership dilemmas that have to be decided upon in real-time. Collectively, the series of choices the consultant has to make will determine whether or not the project stays on track or is derailed. The series consists of cases A to J, product numbers C1023A to C1023J.

A technical consultant is travelling to New York Bakery, and eastern U.S. confectionery company that is under bankruptcy protection. The consultant's task is to assess New York Bakery's readiness for the installation of a new payroll system, which will help it move through the bankruptcy process. By his first week on the job, the consultant realizes that his task is greater than he imagined. In trying to help the organization prepare for the changeover, he faces a series of tough decisions that require his immediate attention. The objective of this case series is to expose students to leadership dilemmas that have to be decided upon in real-time. Collectively, the series of choices the consultant has to make will determine whether or not the project stays on track or is derailed. The series consists of cases A to J, product numbers C1023A to C1023J.

The literature on change and transformation mostly focuses on for-profit organizations, even though not-for-profit organizations offer a richer context for study, and social entrepreneurs are most often at the forefront of large-scale change. The case is an attempt to examine the evolution of a development organization. It centers on a medical professional and his thirty-year struggle in ushering in social transformation in the BR Hills of Southern India, working for tribal and forest development based on a foundation of ethics, self-organization and the assertion of human and individual rights. In 1994, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award (also known as the Alternative Nobel Prize) for his efforts. This case can teach the evolution of a) a social entrepreneur into a leader; b) an amorphous service entity into an institution with a network of organizations and c) a low-profile, undemanding clientele with no voice to a demanding clientele expecting choices and rights. The case can also be used to explore the growth of a social enterprise (in terms of objectives, service delivery, roles, scale, etc.); concepts of change and social transformation; and the organizational life cycle and evolution of systems over the cycle. The case highlights the path civic service organizations (CSOs) and social actors tread over time in undertaking to provide public service.

The manager of customer service and operations at a branch of financial services institution is considering his options following the third cash shortage, totalling almost $5,000, within a two-month period. His career and anticipated promotion depended on effectively handling this situation.

The newly appointed general manager at the Scarborough YMCA was discussing her plan of action with the YMCA senior leadership team of the Greater Toronto Area. The Scarborough YMCA had been a perennial underperformer from a membership, member satisfaction and financial perspective, but the general manager vowed to turn the facility around. Four prior general managers had given their best effort; yet the facility continued to lag behind the average YMCA in Canada. She sensed a complacent organization. The general manager had practically grown up in the Scarborough YMCA, and although she had assumed several leadership responsibilities in the center, she sensed that it would be challenging to advocate change now that she was a formal leader.