個案總覽

A university student is working on a group project for a case-based business ethics course. Just over a week before the project deadline, one of her fellow group members reveals that he has found part (B) of the assigned case on the Internet. He has read this document, which specifies exactly what the company has done to address the challenge in the case they are working on. It is clear to the protagonist that her group cannot use this information, but she is unsure of how to handle the situation.

Spreadsheet supplement for case CU197.

Societies face many pressing challenges with serious implications for business leaders. These include pollution and climate change, poverty and income inequality, obesity and public health, and corruption and regulatory capture. This note presents a way of analyzing the economic, legal, and ethical implications of these challenges for business leaders, in their capacities as corporate fiduciaries and citizens. The note offers a unifying framework by organizing major contemporary societal challenges into four "tragedies of the commons" and by developing the notion of a "capitalist's contract" that can help students consider how they, as future business leaders, will respond to these tragedies.

Despite the best efforts of corporate compliance officers, boards of governance, auditors, and regulators, corporate misconduct continues to plague our markets. In this thought-provoking installation of Accounting Matters, we argue that efforts to fight fraud and other forms of corporate misconduct have failed, in part, due to the systematic approach employed toward a problem that is irregular, complex, and extends well beyond the boundary of the firm. By drawing upon research from the field of behavioral ethics to suggest a new approach that does more than just stress formal control systems, we illustrate how executives may strengthen organizational ethics through informal practices that work from the 'bottom up' and the 'outside in.' Our review includes practical recommendations regarding how to create shared responsibility for ethical leadership, how to empower employees to achieve both economic and ethical ends, how to enlist the aid of key stakeholders in identifying problems before they grow and spread, and how to redesign compliance practices to address the complex nature of corporate misconduct.

This case is about a gold mining company that seeks to practice "responsible mining" by addressing environmental and stakeholder concerns, but which nevertheless attracts protests. Barrick Gold Corporation has invested $4.8 billion developing the Pascua Lama gold mine in a glacial region of South America, but opposition has blocked the project.

Over fifty years, Rupert Murdoch built one of the most successful media conglomerates in the world. Though there had been criticism of his conduct in the past, it was only in the new millennium that allegations of phone hacking and bribery brought the threat of massive legal action against both Murdoch and his companies.

On Friday, May 24, 2013, Peru's President, Ollanta Humala Tasso, had one week left to decide whether he would finally sign into law a bill that had fueled a heated debate among the nation's public and private sectors for nearly 18 months. Commonly known as the "Junk Food Act," the proposal stirred as many passions as the country's cuisine, which itself had risen to global prominence, alongside Peru's steady economic growth. The law's enactment would force thousands of Peruvian kiosks and school cafeterias to change their offerings, doing away with processed foods, while advertising of these goods to children would require revision. Many feared -while others hoped- that Humala would sign the bill. Multiple stakeholders -producers, retailers, advertisers, trade associations, the press, politicians, and the government- spent the weekend with unanswered questions on their minds. On Monday, they would need to revisit their positions, clarifying their arguments and assessing the bill's legal and ethical ramifications, in order to prepare a strategic response to Humala's decision, uncertain as they were of whether he would sign the bill. There was a lot of food for thought.

This case is about the Sponsorship Scandal that plagued Canada's federal government in the mid-1990s. The case is told in the words of the federal government bureaucrat who blew the whistle about the corruption. The way federal civil servants dealt with the whistleblower's revelations is examined.

As the founder of a new "ethical" bank focused on environmental sustainability, Jay McGuane realizes that he has to come up with clear rules about how the board should make decisions on "values" grounds--and quickly. Already, the bank is facing loan approvals involving two hot-button issues. Without clear guidelines, the bank's directors may fall into bitter squabbling, which could lead to resignations, negative media attention, and a flight of investors. Expert commentary comes from Ken LaRoe, chairman and CEO of First Green Bank, and John Replogle, president and CEO of Seventh Generation.

As the founder of a new "ethical" bank focused on environmental sustainability, Jay McGuane realizes that he has to come up with clear rules about how the board should make decisions on "values" grounds--and quickly. Already, the bank is facing loan approvals involving two hot-button issues. Without clear guidelines, the bank's directors may fall into bitter squabbling, which could lead to resignations, negative media attention, and a flight of investors. Expert commentary comes from Ken LaRoe, chairman and CEO of First Green Bank, and John Replogle, president and CEO of Seventh Generation.

As the founder of a new "ethical" bank focused on environmental sustainability, Jay McGuane realizes that he has to come up with clear rules about how the board should make decisions on "values" grounds--and quickly. Already, the bank is facing loan approvals involving two hot-button issues. Without clear guidelines, the bank's directors may fall into bitter squabbling, which could lead to resignations, negative media attention, and a flight of investors. Expert commentary comes from Ken LaRoe, chairman and CEO of First Green Bank, and John Replogle, president and CEO of Seventh Generation.

Case A offers an overview and Case B explores specific aspects of a major Indian construction firm which seeks to use corporate social responsibility as a strategic tool in its quest for rapid growth at home and abroad. Source materials include on-site interviews of the firm's executives, line managers and workers in Delhi, Mumbai and Lavasa, as well as corporate reports, scholarly articles, and domestic and international press articles.

Case A offers an overview and Case B explores specific aspects of a major Indian construction firm which seeks to use corporate social responsibility as a strategic tool in its quest for rapid growth at home and abroad. Source materials include on-site interviews of the firm's executives, line managers and workers in Delhi, Mumbai and Lavasa, as well as corporate reports, scholarly articles, and domestic and international press articles.

In late September 2013, Exxon Mobil Corporation announced that it would begin offering benefits to the spouses of its employees in same-sex marriages. This short supplement touches upon what led Exxon Mobil to this decision, some insights into its previous relationship with the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) community, and its standing on LGBT issues relative to its peers in the oil and gas sector and the Fortune 500.

Whether characterized as corporate social responsibility (CSR), business ethics, or some other name, best practices in a given industry often fall short, thus causing efforts of companies seeking to improve their own CSR practices to fall short as well. A typical CSR model uses philanthropic donations to demonstrate the company's commitment to social welfare. Even a strategic version of CSR falls short of what it could achieve. To be sure, these can be important efforts worth celebrating, but we seek to raise the bar higher. Our case study focuses on the pharmaceutical industry because of our experience working in and studying that industry. In Section 2, we identify the typical CSR efforts of pharmaceutical companies. Dissatisfied with the scope of current efforts, Section 3 switches from an inductive approach to a deductive one in which we rely on scholarly literature and some exemplary benchmarks to propose a stronger model of corporate ethics. At the heart of this model is the claim that optimum instrumental benefits accrue to corporate CSR actions when they are undertaken for sincere aims rather than for instrumental ones. Section 4 then explains how this framework provides a way for pharmaceutical companies to embrace a more robust model of corporate responsibility that could be extended to other industries as well.

On Thursday January 27, 2011, hundreds of thousands of protesters in Egypt were vociferously demanding an end to the 30-year rule of President Hosni Mubarak, and to the state of emergency he had let prevail, and nurtured during that tenure. The protest movement was expected to gather even greater momentum following the afternoon prayers the next day, a Friday. The communication and connectivity through social media had acted as a key catalyst in enabling the protesters to coordinate their actions. President Mubarak's government decided to strike hard at the lifeline of this virtual medium, by exploiting some of the rights that the state of emergency had accorded them. That afternoon, the government ordered the three main voice and data communications providers in Egypt - Vodafone, Mobinil, and Etisalat - to suspend services in selected areas. Among these areas was Tahrir Square ("Freedom/Martyrs' Square") in Cairo, the biggest nucleus where protesters had assembled. Later, the government would also instruct these communications providers to broadcast propaganda text messages to all their subscribers, imploring them to be on the side of the Egyptian Army, which the government said was the true protector of Egypt. When Hatem Dowidar, CEO of Vodafone Egypt, heard about the government's order, he was about to take a crucial decision. He knew that the situation in Egypt was being observed closely from all over the world. Dowidar also realized that the course of action he opted for would have consequences not just for Vodafone Egypt, but also for the parent Vodafone Group. He contemplated the possible consequences, well aware that any decision he took would invariably evoke strong reactions.

On Thursday January 27, 2011, hundreds of thousands of protesters in Egypt were vociferously demanding an end to the 30-year rule of President Hosni Mubarak, and to the state of emergency he had let prevail, and nurtured during that tenure. The protest movement was expected to gather even greater momentum following the afternoon prayers the next day, a Friday. The communication and connectivity through social media had acted as a key catalyst in enabling the protesters to coordinate their actions. President Mubarak's government decided to strike hard at the lifeline of this virtual medium, by exploiting some of the rights that the state of emergency had accorded them. That afternoon, the government ordered the three main voice and data communications providers in Egypt - Vodafone, Mobinil, and Etisalat - to suspend services in selected areas. Among these areas was Tahrir Square ("Freedom/Martyrs' Square") in Cairo, the biggest nucleus where protesters had assembled. Later, the government would also instruct these communications providers to broadcast propaganda text messages to all their subscribers, imploring them to be on the side of the Egyptian Army, which the government said was the true protector of Egypt. When Hatem Dowidar, CEO of Vodafone Egypt, heard about the government's order, he was about to take a crucial decision. He knew that the situation in Egypt was being observed closely from all over the world. Dowidar also realized that the course of action he opted for would have consequences not just for Vodafone Egypt, but also for the parent Vodafone Group. He contemplated the possible consequences, well aware that any decision he took would invariably evoke strong reactions.

This background note provides details of Bernard Madoff's career and the classroom recording.

The case deals with the quest for boundaries of corporates' social and environmental responsibility. It poses the question where the responsibility of a company might start or end in a given context and once the company has been able to assess the extent to which it holds itself responsible, what action it ought to take in this regard. In the case of Axel Springer the question is focused on the aspect how much responsibility the company might have for its supply chain: how far and how deep down the supply chain does or should responsibility of a corporation reach? On what facts does this responsibility depend? The publishing house Axel Springer AG serves as good example as it wonders about the scope of their responsibility: After making the strategic decision to move aggressively into the field of digital news and media, the company wonders about their responsibility for digital devices, in particular with respect to conflict minerals that are extracted for the production and use of such electronic devices under highly problematic conditions.

An NPR report, which uncovers labor-camp-like working conditions at Apple's Foxconn supplier in China has gone viral. With 2011 revenues of $92 billion, the contractor, which manufacturers Apple's Mac computers, iPhones, and iPads is the fourth-largest information technology company in the world. Forced to work in conditions where they are both physically and mentally abused, some workers are driven to suicide, while those who remain are required to work excessive overtime, denied meal breaks, not informed about the chemicals in use, refused the wage increases promised to them, and exposed to two explosions - one that leaves three dead and 15 injured and another that injures 61. Students are asked to take on the role of Apple CEO Tim Cook and respond to a petition by Change.org, signed by 250,000 people calling on Apple to take responsibility for the appalling conditions in its supply chain.