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Digital media--legitimate and otherwise--were one of the few bright spots for high-technology companies in the middle of a deep and protracted recession. These demands left computer makers, builders of components such as microprocessors, software developers, and others between a rock and a hard place. Consumers disliked many of the anti-piracy technologies promoted by media companies because they often restricted legal (as well as illegal) uses of the technologies. High-technology companies feared government intrusion, legislating which technologies they could market. Many thought that digital media could provide compelling services (the "killer app") that would drive device sales and promote broadband uptake. The issues surrounding intellectual property protection could either promote or inhibit digital media. As these complementors squared off, countless billions of dollars and much of the future of media and technology were at stake.

Yodlee is pioneering an emerging technology, "account aggregation," that allows Internet users to authenticate only once to have access to personal, password-protected account data from many sources. Yodlee offers this technology on a cobranded application service provider basis, primarily to financial institutions. In January 2001, the company acquired its only significant competitor, VerticalOne; the combined entity has almost 100 accounts, but 25 installed clients are on the VerticalOne platform. Yodlee managers must devise a plan to integrate VerticalOne into Yodlee and migrate the installed base of VerticalOne clients to the Yodlee platform.

This case presents a complex total MIS strategy case for a $3 billion European pharmaceutical/chemicals company based in Brussels. It covers corporate strategy alignment of IT portfolio, IT operations issues, and global coordination of IT.

Supplements the (A) case.

Describes the circumstances leading to the three-and-a-half-day collapse of a major hospital group's IS capabilities. Identifies the technical reasons for the failure, management steps in dealing with the problem short term, and the long-term lessons they believe they learned from the incident.

Spreadsheet supplement for case 303097.

In October 2001, NTT DoCoMo, Japan's leading mobile telecommunications company, launched the world's first commercial third-generation (3G) mobile service. However, the new service faced technological obstacles. Many observers were skeptical about its future success. But 3G in Japan was only DoCoMo's first step in a grand plan to have its standards of 3G technology and service established worldwide. By late 2001, DoCoMo had formed alliances with major telecommunications players in Asia, Europe, and the United States to develop 3G networks. Despite technological setbacks and astronomical fees for obtaining a license to operate 3G in some European countries, DoCoMo and its partners continued to build the infrastructure for the new-generation service. Analysts saw these moves as a gamble.

Paybox.net, founded in 1999, is a frontrunner in providing mobile payment services in Germany and other European countries. The case discusses the development and roll- out of the m-payment services, the business model and marketing approach used, the technological and organizational challenges that the company faced as well as the sustainability of the paybox competitive position.

Xerox has been developing and implementing knowledge management (KM) systems since 1996 and has continued to do so despite the company's hard times and KM's tarnished image following the dotcom bust. Xerox wagered that 'knowledge' was the natural, higher role for 'the document' in the workplace, and the bet is paying off. The case examines four KM projects: Eureka, its first and best knowledge management project; CodeX, the open- source software sharing platform; Angelo, the call-centre solution; and its consultancy, Xerox Connect.

KCC had just successfully completed a large IT system to support its Financials and HR, a major success for an organization that until 2001 was paralyzed by the mountain of IT tasks and targets ahead, spending £43 million annually on IT without clear returns. How did they achieve this?

The boom-to-bust cycle for Internet start-ups has been remarkably compressed. This article reports on a longitudinal study of eight industries that found that only 43% of independent B2B exchanges survived in the two years following Spring 2000. Most of these start-ups failed because they misdiagnosed their advantage over existing ways of doing business. In reality, the Internet is mainly about reformed applications that facilitate interactions and squeeze costs but do not change the basic structure and functioning of existing markets. Incumbents prevail when a technological disruption reforms an existing market rather than completely redefines industry boundaries and norms. Building on the lessons of past industry shakeouts, this article suggests that the prospective winners in digital markets will be found in three camps: adaptive survivors who find a protected niche by retooling their strategy for reformed markets; acquisitive incumbents who acquire the assets of pure-play companies at steep discounts; and pure-play start-ups that capitalize on their early-mover advantages in breakthrough markets.

Examines a hotel chain's attempt to use information technology to achieve market dominance and build customer loyalty during a period of global industry decline.

Toybox is the visual effects division of Command Post, Canada's largest full-service, postproduction company and industry leader in technical and creative services for film, television, video, and digital audio productions. Toybox's visual special effects manager believes that future growth requires an improved information system for managing digital projects. For example, during recent production work on a feature film, difficulties in workload, signoffs, and rework reached an unsustainable level. The visual special effects manager must choose between an off-the-shelf product and a custom, in-house solution. However, his decision is complicated by the creative work environment and the number of systems to which the new system must be integrated.

In December 2000, the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) launched the Electronic Service Delivery (ESD) scheme, a flagship e-government project. The overall e-government strategy was to use a portal for the provision of electronic public services and commercial services, making the ESD portal (www.esd.gov.hk) a key element. The government contracted a single private operator to implement and provide ESD services for five years. The contract was awarded in November 1999 to ESD Services Ltd. (ESDSL). This case discusses how the HKSAR developed ESD's business model, which is a combination of government-to-citizen and business-to-citizen models, and how ESDSL is implementing it. Also focuses on the major challenges and issues that the private operator, ESDSL, faced in building, implementing, and managing an e-government project. ESD is in its second year of implementation and an immediate issue is the slow adoption of online transactions by the public, which is important in relation to the viability of the ESD's business model.

On March 22, 2001, Microsoft Corp. warned computer users that an individual posing electronically as a company representative had fooled VeriSign, Inc., the leading digital certificate authority, into issuing two fraudulent digital certificates in Microsoft's name. The certificates could be used by malicious attackers to trick computer users into running unsafe software programs. Despite the discovery of the fraud and the follow-up investigation by the FBI, the person who registered the certificates could not be found. The Microsoft case was the world's first reported case of digital certificate fraud. It raised serious questions about the sophistication of digital certificates and signatures and the rules governing the conduct of issuers and users in the electronic marketplace. The accident also revealed that a simple identity certificate/signature comes with complex and nonstandard policies and procedures that are vulnerable to regulatory and security flaws.

Why is it that two firms can use the Internet in the same way (e.g., to reach new customers) and achieve very different outcomes? How can firms better allocate and subsequently leverage the investments they make in Internet technologies? This article shows that e-commerce technologies cannot be successfully leveraged without considering the organizational relationships in which the technologies are being embedded. By properly matching the B2B context with Internet technologies, firms can be in a better position not only to achieve significant economic outcomes, but also to attain sustainable competitive advantages, improve coordination and collaboration processes, and decrease channel resistance.

Like all primary care physicians, Dr. Bob Goldszer must stay on top of approximately 10,000 different diseases and syndromes, 3,000 medications, 1,100 laboratory tests, and many of the 400,000 articles added each year to the biomedical literature. That's no easy task. And it is, quite literally, a matter of life and death. The Institute of Medicine's 1999 report, To Err Is Human, suggests that more than a million injuries and 90,000 deaths are attributable to medical errors annually. Something like 5% of hospital patients have adverse reactions to drugs, another study reports, and of those, 43% are serious, life threatening, or fatal. Many knowledge workers have problems similar to Dr. Goldszer's (though they're usually less life threatening). No matter what the field, many people simply can't keep up with all they need to know. In the early years of knowledge management, companies established knowledge networks and communities of practice, built knowledge repositories, and attempted to motivate people to share knowledge. But each of these activities involved a great deal of additional labor for knowledge workers. A better approach, say the authors, is to bake specialized knowledge into the jobs of highly skilled workers. Partners HealthCare has started to embed knowledge into the technology that doctors use in their jobs so that consulting it is no longer a separate activity. Now when Dr. Goldszer orders medicine or a lab test, the order-entry system automatically checks his decision against a massive clinical database as well as the patient's own medical record. Knowledge workers in other fields could likewise benefit from a just-in-time knowledge-management system tailored to deliver the right supporting information for the job at hand.

The Electronic Tendering System (ETS) was a flagship project under the Hong Kong Special Administration Region's (HKSAR's) e-government strategy to lead by example in the adoption of electronic means for government transactions with the public and businesses. With the success of the initial launch in April 2000, HKSAR planned to extend the ETS to all other government procurements, with a goal of transferring 80% of all procurement tenders online by the end of 2003. Also under consideration was an electronic marketplace system (EMS) for the small value purchases and to integrate the two systems for a total procurement solution.

Introduces issues of new service standards in an information-intensive world.

At the Star City Casino in Sydney, Australia, thousands of employees wear a huge variety of themed garments. The wardrobe department--which launders and reassembles each of those 80,000 outfits--may be the most prosaic of corporate functions, but it runs smoothly because of some very glitzy technology. It relies on radio frequency identification (RFID) chips--so-called smart tags--sewn into each garment. Tough enough to withstand repeated washing, the tags give each item an identity that can be tracked by wireless readers. The occasional gambler may still lose his shirt at Star City, but the employees don't. Object-to-object communication has become practical for a vast number of uses, enabling a "silent commerce" that requires no human interaction. Companies are rapidly adopting smart tags to reduce costs, enhance security, and help customers. But the technology is capable of even more: RFID tags working with sensors can report on whether products have been kept at a specified temperature, for example; as sensors improve, tags will be able to take action, such as triggering temperature controls. Object-to-object technology can have darker implications, primarily the potential compromise of privacy. When does helpfulness become obtrusiveness? For CEOs, the best response is first to consider the social environment in which the company is operating, then incorporate that sensitivity into the design and testing of new applications. As RFID systems advance, new business models, including entirely new ways of offering products and services, will emerge out of applications that, in simpler forms, are already in place. It's no exaggeration to say that a tiny tag may one day transform your own business. And that day may not be very far off.