個案總覽

In March 2012, the head of compensation for Colgate-Palmolive (India) Limited was reviewing five resumes. He had been asked to determine appropriate pay scales for the five candidates, and he knew that the decision had ramifications far beyond the salary of a few employees. The giant corporation, which was well established in India, had opened other plants in India in the past, but the new toothbrush factory in Sri City had just started operations. The head of compensation would need to define an appropriate pay philosophy and strategy that would enable the organization to attract, motivate, and retain the right talent for the Sri City plant. That strategy would have to be consistent with the existing culture at Colgate-Palmolive (India) Limited.

The co-founder and chief product officer of Miutcank, a promising sharing-economy platform dedicated to neighbourhood networking and services, was analyzing the growth of the platform since its creation in 2014. Miutcank had more than 43,000 registered users in December 2018, and it was time to think about the best way to monetize the platform. What kind of paid services should be included in the platform? Which revenue model was the most suitable for the platform's growth? The co-founder and chief product officer wanted to ensure that the company was making the most efficient move toward becoming profitable, without discouraging users from participating on the platform.

In August 2018, many regions in the state of Kerala, India, were experiencing rising flood waters, and people were being evacuated from flood-prone areas to relief camps. Various relief camp supplies in the state were being distributed through the distribution centre at Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium in Kochi. XSEED, a student community-driven organization of the Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship, was being coordinated by faculty member Dr. Mercia Justin. Justin, entrusted with the responsibility of managing the operations at the distribution centre, was carefully considering how to manage the throughput of the relief camp supplies and streamline operations at the distribution centre as the volume of shipments rapidly expanded and the rain and flooding situation worsened.

In 2001, Apple, Inc. (Apple), known mainly as the maker of a niche personal computer and related operating system and software, became a disruptor in the music industry with the launch of the iPod music player; it followed up two years later with the launch of the iTunes Music Store (iTunes). Over the next several years, the company struck deals with major music recording labels to distribute downloadable music legally through iTunes, challenging an industry-wide decline in a climate of widespread digital file-sharing and piracy. In 2007, it brought about increased sales of digital music downloads after launching the iPhone. However, by 2019, consumers were mainly consuming music via streaming services such as Spotify, Google LLC's YouTube, Amazon.com Inc., and Pandora. What would Apple need to do to continue as a leader in the music industry?

In 2019, Walmart Inc. (Walmart) was the largest retailer in the world, with over $500 billion in revenues and thousands of stores in the United States and international markets. It was in the midst of a transformation to compete in the online shopping and home delivery space, an industry that was dominated by relative newcomer Amazon.com Inc. (Amazon). While Walmart had continued to expand its physical stores and discount centres over several decades, its online presence had needed attention; its investment in online sales between 2013 and 2018 had brought about a significant reduction in the operating income margin in its largest and most profitable segment, Walmart US. However, by February 2019, the company had achieved growth in online sales of 43 per cent. Would the strategic changes that had brought about this growth enable the company to maintain its position in the United States?

In late August 2018, the chief operating officer of Success HR Solutions, a Vietnamese software start-up, was contemplating the strategy for relaunching her product, a cloud-based human resources software product that handled various payroll and human resources functions. She needed to decide how to sell and price her product for the target market in the Vietnamese economy. As she evaluated her options, she had to consider the overall Vietnamese business landscape, the future of the industry, her company's current capabilities, and her organization's overall vision.

In September 2018, Marisol Labrecque, president of Technologies Ecofixe Inc. (Technologies Ecofixe), was heading to Ain Taoujdate, Morocco, in order to supervise the installation of the company's second ECOFIXE system in Africa. Technologies Ecofixe was a small, socially responsible Québécois company that had developed and commercialized a cost-effective system for the treatment of wastewaters in aerated ponds. With her eye on Africa's ever-expanding market, Labrecque considered entering the French-speaking countries of Senegal, Ivory Coast, and Burkina Faso. However, given her limited resources, Labrecque knew that she would have to choose. Which country should Technologies Ecofixe enter next?

Do you want to lead a bird control company? No? Nevertheless, you might learn from a Case Study about the Director of one such Small-to-Medium-sized Enterprise (SME): someone who was initially a "reluctant boss". This Case helps us to widen our perspective on possible leadership career paths and examine the challenges for leadership of SMEs in general. It is suitable for undergraduates, post-graduates, and executive education participants, because the issues it raises are fundamental to leadership in early careers, and for managers and executives who want to grow their own division/business. After examining and discussing this Case Study, students will: have a better understanding of the various leadership challenges facing leaders of SMEs; be able to think more critically about the role of a leader as his/her organization grows; and have a broader perspective on possible leadership career paths, especially in terms of unusual industries, start-ups, and SMEs.

Gavi has helped immunize over 760 million children in the world's poorest countries over the past 20 years saving 13 million lives. How should Gavi respond to the need for a vaccine for the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic?

In the first months of 2020, a pandemic overwhelmed the world. COVID-19, commonly known as the coronavirus, spread from China and created a severe public health emergency across countries. While an immediate fear of the disease's impact on human life permeated society, the world battled another concern for the severe economic downturn that was brought about by attempts to suppress the virus. World trade, tourism, capital flows, remittances, and commodity prices collapsed. Prior to the coronavirus outbreak, the global GDP growth rate for 2020 was expected to be close to 2.3%. As of April 2020, multilateral organizations estimated that GDP would contract by 3% - way worse than the 0.1% contraction of 2009, and the deepest dive since the Great Depression. What policy options existed to mitigate the financial and economic distress of containment, and what factors did different countries weigh in deciding which paths to choose? Was there a terrible choice - either damage livelihoods through extended lockdowns, or sacrifice thousands or even millions of lives to the virus - or were policies reinforcing? What was the role of government, businesses, communities and individuals? After the worst of the health crisis was mitigated, what kind of shape would world economies take?

This case reviews the path to the passage of the Affordable Care Act, and the subsequent efforts that have been undertaken to repeal it. It focuses on the role of the government and interest groups in shaping policy.

Noora Health, an India-based non-profit, through its Care Compassion Program (CCP), which was based on human-centred design principles, aimed to reduce readmission rates and complications after patients were discharged from the hospital. While implementing the program in several hospitals across India, the chief executive officer of Noora Health faced several challenges. These challenges included convincing nurses to train patients' family members in caregiving and increasing the scope and scale of the CCP. By early 2019, Noora Health had successfully implemented the program across 110 hospitals in India. What should the company further undertake to prove the program's effectiveness and enhance its scope and scale?

What does it take to set up the next level of schools that encourages academic excellence at an international level in a developing country? How should the school brand itself to communicate that commitment to excellence to prospective students' parents? How can a school provide that level of academic excellence at an affordable cost to the middle-income segment? What are the levers that it can use to scale its school locations over the country? In September 2019, Phan Hu Thuy, CEO of Vinschool, contemplated the above questions as she addressed the managing committee of Vinschool. Thuy had a daunting target ahead of her - to expand Vinschool to double its existing size in a period of five years. Vinschool was established in 2013 in Vietnam, as a directive of Vingroup, to provide schooling facilities for children residing at the Vinhomes real estate complexes built by the group. The school had expanded rapidly, growing from one campus to 31 campuses with over 27,000 students, by 2019. Operating as a not-for-profit entity, Vinschool delivered international standard education to its students, amidst an increasingly competitive private school education market served by a limited resource pool. The challenge was clear: Vinschool had to provide an excellent academic experience with limited resources, and at the same time, focus on uniformity of quality as it established new campuses. How could Vinschool expand holistically? How could Vinschool stay ahead of the competition? Could the school expand its potential consumer market segment? How could the school make it's brand more compelling?

Connor, a managing director at an investment bank, finds himself in a bind when a superstar on his team, Alysha, announces that she's leaving to join a competitor. Making matters worse, she may take another employee, Trent, with her. Connor has to decide whether to make Alysha a counteroffer, entice Trent to stay with a promotion, or try to recruit an outside hire. This fictional case study by Boris Groysberg features expert commentary by Mehtab Bhogal and Krista Mathews.

Connor, a managing director at an investment bank, finds himself in a bind when a superstar on his team, Alysha, announces that she's leaving to join a competitor. Making matters worse, she may take another employee, Trent, with her. Connor has to decide whether to make Alysha a counteroffer, entice Trent to stay with a promotion, or try to recruit an outside hire. This fictional case study by Boris Groysberg features expert commentary by Mehtab Bhogal and Krista Mathews.

Connor, a managing director at an investment bank, finds himself in a bind when a superstar on his team, Alysha, announces that she's leaving to join a competitor. Making matters worse, she may take another employee, Trent, with her. Connor has to decide whether to make Alysha a counteroffer, entice Trent to stay with a promotion, or try to recruit an outside hire. This fictional case study by Boris Groysberg features expert commentary by Mehtab Bhogal and Krista Mathews.

Zomato, a leading restaurant discovery and review platform, entered the highly competitive hyperlocal food delivery space in 2014. Though Zomato was a leading platform for search and discovery, it trailed behind the market leader in the delivery landscape. While Zomato's attempt to increase profitability by implementing a subscription model proved popular among customers, it antagonized a significant segment of its restaurant partners. As December 2019 drew to a close, the key decision-makers at Zomato wondered whether entering the growing delivery market and the subsequent transition would be worth the cost of competition. The startup would have to make a strategic decision with respect to its market dominance and competitive moves in the delivery market. Should it focus on the large, hypercompetitive markets in major cities to build high-density delivery networks, or should it focus on pre-empting the competition by nurturing small-town markets? Would acquiring its competitors help in rapid scaling, or should Zomato engage in another round of business model innovation by focusing on cloud kitchens and private labels?

In August 2019, WeWork filed for an initial public offering; investors in its 14 venture capital rounds were anxious for an exit. Softbank had invested US$6 billion in WeWork, including US$2 billion in the Series H round that valued the firm at US$47 billion; consequently, it hoped for a positive reception from Wall Street. While WeWork had 100 per cent recent sales growth, its net income was US$1.9 billion, and it was on pace to spend over US$5 billion in 2019; it needed capital. WeWork's chief executive officer met with SoftBank in Tokyo to discuss a "dramatic reduction in its valuation." Should they proceed with the IPO, even if it required a reduction in its valuation, or should they cancel the IPO and pursue an additional round of private capital?

Bird Electric Vehicle Sharing (Bird)'s value proposition seems to be to offer inexpensive, on-demand transportation that can deliver riders directly to their destination in metropolitan areas. Electric scooters can be unlocked with a smartphone and left anywhere after use, minimizing the burden on consumers but also causing tremendous traffic problems for city administrators. The disruption created by Bird not only drew the attention of urban commuters but also resulted in its product being banned in cities like San Francisco and Denver. This case explores these issues in depth and sets up the challenge that Bird faces in extending its initial success. Bird must contemplate not only the individual components of its value chain but possibly also the business model itself, in evaluating the best course of action to ensure its future success.