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In May 2013 Nicolas Beytout launched L'Opinion, a news organization that published a daily newspaper, with a robust digital presence. L'Opinion was opinion-focused, with Libéral economic thought pieces and analysis at the heart of its content. The media industry had changed drastically in the decade preceding, with brutal competition among the traditional media and new entrants like the platforms Google and Facebook. The political environment was also a moving target, with anti-European nationalism on the rise. At the end of 2018, L'Opinion was still struggling to make a profit leading Beytout to consider how to use the news market's continual changes-in consumer behavior, in advertising platform consolidation, in content competition, and in technology-to the company's advantage. Two questions loomed large in his mind: How can L'Opinion best support Libéral policies? What strategic direction will lead to a profitable future for the organization? This case asks students to consider how a media organization integrates its political aims with business imperatives.

Bonuses are an important part of any CEO's toolkit. This white paper outlines specific steps to follow in establishing or revamping a company's bonus structure, and how this part of the compensation system can reward outstanding results and help retain star performers. Computing bonuses with specific targets, and tallying the results on a quarterly rather than annual basis, for instance, will boost accountability and help keep managers and employees focused on reaching the specified goals.

WeWork, a successful company that provides shared workspaces, has grown rapidly since its founding in 2010 and was valued at $45 billion in 2018. WeWork was considered a progressive company with a strong focus on sustainability, evidenced by its public commitment to achieve carbon neutrality by 2023. As part of its rapid growth, WeWork received very large investments from SoftBank's Vision Fund. Much of the Vision Fund was funded by Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund, which obtained its wealth from the sale of Saudi oil. This case presents the idea that WeWork's values may be in direct conflict with the values and actions of Saudi Arabia, yet WeWork continued to receive considerable funding from the kingdom. The case raises the question about a corporation's role in society and whether it has any responsibility to ensure its investors' values align with its own.

This case features CRM technology firm Salesforce, and its CEO, Marc Benioff. In 2015, the state of Indiana's new Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) was signed into law by then governor Mike Pence. The RFRA was criticized as legalizing blatant discrimination of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or questioning (LGBTQ) community. Because Salesforce had recently expanded to Indianapolis and anticipated future growth there, Benioff decided to ban company travel to the state and threatened to reduce the company's presence in Indiana if RFRA was not repealed. Salesforce was joined by many other large corporations in vocalizing disagreement with RFRA and threatening to reduce or eliminate investment in Indiana. The case explores Benioff's decision to take a public and aggressive stand against the new Indiana law. Some disagreed with Benioff's extreme action that put the company at risk. Others applauded him for taking a stand.

In 2017, the new chairman of A. P. Møller-Maersk confronted one of the worst cyberattacks in history, which crippled the company's vast global shipping network that accounted for nearly 20 per cent of global container shipping. NotPetya was a particularly virulent strain of ransomware that, within seconds, destroyed Maersks's servers and personal computers around the world. Maersk's senior system administrators had warned the company that its network was vulnerable, but the necessary upgrades were never completed. How can the company recover from this devastating event? And how can it protect itself from cyberattacks in the future?

In 2019 Walmart was still the world's largest company, with over $500 billion in annual revenue and operations around the world. Although it had mostly vanquished its rival discount retailers in the U.S., it was struggling to find the right growth strategy. Facing a mature U.S. market, it had looked to ecommerce and international sales as an engine of growth. Walmart leadership also faced intense competition from dominant online retailer Amazon. In such a competitive environment, how should Walmart respond to the reality that its traditional strengths no longer guaranteed robust growth?

In 2018, Nick Molnar, the founder of the Australia-based online payment service Afterpay began its expansion to the U.S. market. The service had gained a loyal following in Australia by enabling customers to pay for online purchases through four interest-free installments. Customer advocacy and the brand's ability to improve customer acquisition for its retail partners had contributed to strong network effects, leading to rapid growth. In the United States, however, competitors were abundant, the regulatory environment was unfamiliar, brand awareness was lacking and retailers were seeking to partner with service providers capable of supporting an omnichannel experience. This new set of challenges required Afterpay to reevaluate its strategy: should the company fast-track the rollout of its offline offering in the United States or was it prudent to wait to acquire a larger customer base to justify the capital expenditure and operational changes this would require?

In September 2018, the executive team at Ariadne Labs (Ariadne), a Boston-based organization dedicated to improving health systems through the discovery and implementation of simple tools, faced a number of strategic decisions. Chief among them, the seven-year-old organization needed to determine how it might establish and shepherd successful partnerships with a wide range of diverse entities-ranging from major international public health organizations like the World Bank to small non-profit implementing organizations.

The importance of a good peer or coworker is widely discussed, but understanding the glue that makes coworkers valuable is less understood. This case sheds light on the importance of peers and the practices and environments that make a group greater than the sum of its parts. Facing threats to its growth, digital marketing and sales company Clear Link Technologies, LLC (Clearlink) decided to run an experiment to test strategies for improving sales productivity. The experiment compares the efficacy of two interventions: group incentives and management-directed peer learning. The case surfaces some of the mechanisms driving peer effects in the workplace and the managerial levers to tap into peer effects for improving operations. The case also provides an introduction to experiments in organizations and how these experiments may differ from traditional randomized controlled trials in marketing or pharmaceutical development.

The case is about Ecoalf, a Spanish sustainable fashion brand that manufactures garments, sneakers and accessories from recycled materials. By providing information on Ecoalf's products and initiatives, while simultaneously illustrating the difficulty of balancing social and financial goals, this case introduces an interesting real-world setting that touches upon various issues related to social innovation, entrepreneurship, strategy, CSR and ethics. Particularly, the case offers insights on the delicate phase in the growth of a firm in which sales are booming and the company is expanding, while the company still does not make a profit and its long-term continuity is still uncertain. The case confronts students with questions such as 'What strategic decisions should be made to ensure Ecoalf's long-term profitability?' and 'How should social and financial objectives be balanced?', and allows them to explore these questions using real company and market information.

Kara Medoff Barnett, executive director of American Ballet Theatre (ABT), widely regarded as one of the world's premier ballet companies, faces several challenges. It is June 2018. Despite its prestige, the company's $45 million annual budget and $22 million endowment are far below those of peers like New York City Ballet, Paris Opera Ballet, and The Royal Ballet in London. Also, although those institutions rely heavily on talent developed in-house, ABT has traditionally mostly attracted dancers who had been trained elsewhere. Known for having featured some of the world's most high-profile stars, ABT's biggest current star arguably is Misty Copeland. What can Barnett learn about Copeland's rise to fame that could help her have ABT's other dancers' stories resonate? Looking to the future of the ballet company more generally, how could Barnett promote a "constellation of stars," as she puts it, rather than bank on one or two individual superstars? And what is the right balance for ABT between developing and acquiring talent?

Suk Shah, the chief financial officer at Avant, needs to consider the marketplace lender's future relationship with traditional banks: might Avant and the banks be able to work together as complementors to offer loans to consumers, or must they always be competitors? The case describes Avant's operation, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages that marketplace lenders, and more generally fintechs, have relative to traditional financial institutions. Shah's decision must take into account the challenges marketplace lenders face in terms of customer acquisition costs as well as in terms of attracting investors to its platform. Avant faces competition from other marketplace lenders, like LendingClub, as well as competition from banks. Regulation also has an important effect on Avant's ability to directly compete with banks and its need to cooperate with them.

From his time as a young engineer at Microsoft in 1993, to the challenge of building Glassdoor from the ground up until it reached a valuation of over $1 billion, in 2018, Robert Hohman had come a long way. Now, from his spacious office with a picturesque view of Richardson Bay in Mill Valley, California, Hohman confronted one of the most important decisions of his life. Glassdoor, the company he cofounded in 2007 with Rich Barton and Tim Besse, had grown consistently over the years. It had been fueled by multiple different investors and VC firms, under various circumstances and deal structures. Like most start-up founders, they expected to take the IPO route at some point. Then, in early 2019, when it seemed that the company was finally ready to go public, one of its largest competitors placed an offer that was hard to refuse.

Can Singapore urban design, policy continuity, and system of laws be exported outside of Singapore to accelerate the effective development of new urban agglomerations? Nina Yang, CEO of Sustainable Urban Development at Ascendas-Singbridge, a large real estate company based in Singapore, was considering whether to build residential or commercial space in one of its sustainable urban development projects, Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City. Could such a long-gestation urban development project be commercially viable? What were the partnership issues working with the Guangzhou government? Could Singapore livability concepts, planning expertise, safety for capital, and comfort for multinational corporations be successfully exported outside of Singapore into large urban agglomerations on a repeated basis?

This case details The Boeing Company's raw material supply chain risks and explores appropriate strategies to mitigate them. Aluminum and titanium accounted for about 75% of the weight of a typical large commercial aircraft, so Boeing and its suppliers bought hundreds of millions of pounds of these metals every year in order to manufacture structural parts. But Boeing's forecasting methodologies for aluminum and titanium consistently underestimated true demand, which cost the company significant time and money. The case describes an ineffective scrap recovery process which failed to recover millions of dollars of precious scrap material, as well as a disproportionately low allocation of risk mitigation resources to raw material mills. Students will analyze purchasing policies pertaining to supplier evaluation and develop new strategies to minimize raw material costs.

The case is based on a dynamic real-life story. In this case we have examined how Faurecia decorative division has used digital tools and technology, both hardware and software, to first modernize its interior division in Abrera (Spain) plant in 2015 which eventually transformed the plant into a profitable unit while before it was losing 3 M€ every year from 2003.

During the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan and his administration instituted several far-reaching economic policies that had both near- and long-term impacts on such aspects of the U.S. economy as monetary policy, inflation, the tax structure, and the role of government. While observers were divided on whether specific policies yielded positive or negative outcomes, one particular area where Reagan's legacy was debated was the extent to which his administration's actions contributed to growing levels of inequality in the country.