個案總覽

Set in 2013, Hamidah Hassan works at SATS, a provider of gateway services at Changi Airport in Singapore. SATS has a symbiotic relationship with Changi Airport Singapore and Singapore Airlines in ensuring a smooth travel experience for customers. Hamidah is in charge of the operations at the check-in counter. As passenger traffic at Changi Airport increases, the lengthening waiting lines threaten to impair customer perceptions of the airline and airport. In order to implement an efficient solution, she has to balance her cost of operations against the cost of waiting for passengers and the terms of the service level agreement with the airport authority. This case analyses the problem and solves it using an integer linear program and simulation analysis.

The case looks at Ian Lambert's first year as the new general manager of ElektroSecur, a Canadian SMB with about 40 employees, specialized in the production and distribution of emergency vehicle technologies. Part A of the case focuses on his first six months in the job (September 2012 to February 2013), while Part B shifts attention to the following six months (March to August 2013). Part A: Ian Lambert took over as general manager of ElektroSecur in September 2012. The company was founded in 1997 by its two current owners, Daniel Dufour and Marc Rorty, who are respectively president and vice-president, business development. ElektroSecur had annual sales of approximately $7 million generated by some 50 in-house products and roughly 100 products distributed by it. The company was making a small net profit of no more than $20,000 a year and had always struggled to remain profitable. Part B: Contrary to what Ian had hoped after six months on the job (Part A), the company's financial situation did not improve over the following six months. Financially speaking, it was shaping up to be the worst year in the company's history. Up to the month of May, sales were more catastrophic than ever.

Fuda Cancer Hospital is an early private entrant, specialized cancer hospital in China. Since its establishment 11 years ago, it has grown from a little-known private hospital to a well-known, specialized cancer hospital that has nearly 400 beds and attracts patients from more than 70 countries and regions. As China's healthcare care has long been dominated by public hospitals, Fuda Cancer Hospital was able to survive and grow by pursuing a differentiation-oriented strategy and a modern hospital management system. The hospital adheres to the strategy of "differentiated development" in the following aspects: Patient positioning - therapy of cancer in middle and advanced stage; Market positioning - Mainly overseas cancer patients in early stage Service; concept positioning - patient-centered, etc. To further expand operation, Fuda Cancer Hospital started to make preparations for IPO in 2011, planning to use the raised funds for hospital relocation and technical reform projects, scientific research and training center construction projects, and brand and market system restructuring projects. However, the hospital is faced with numerous setbacks in its endeavor to go public. From 2011 to 2013, the net revenue of the hospital has been declining, with a decrease of 47.80% in 2013. The cancer therapy, which the hospital is proud of, is challenged in the industry as it brings a negative impact on the IPO of the company. Moreover, since the national government has lifted policy restrictions on private capital in the medical market, many listed companies have invested in private hospitals, and Fuda Cancer Hospital will be confronted with fiercer competition. However, China's IPO market was frozen for nearly two years and Fuda experienced major roadblocks in its IPO journey.

The development and utilization of an intentional Field learning strategy developed for the Obama for President campaign in 2012 following an after action Review calling for it after the 2008 elections

By 2015, technological innovations-the smartphone and the advanced data connectivity that enabled it-created new opportunities for people to move around cities quickly and conveniently without owning a car, via car-sharing services like Zipcar or new ride-sharing services. Uber, a five-year-old startup, enabled users to order private rides via a smartphone app. In mid-2015, the company had achieved pre-IPO market valuation of $50 billion, with operations in 311 cities in 58 countries. Despite its scale and success, Uber often found itself embroiled in controversy, with resistance from a broad range of unhappy stakeholders-regulators, competitors, drivers, and even some customers and partners-across the U.S. and the world. Could Uber continue on this route?

Marie Jackson becomes chief executive officer of Renfield Farms during a period of sluggish growth and an organizational crisis. Jackson develops a new vision statement and begins to experience some success but is met with some skepticism from internal employees because the company's structures and systems do not seem to support the new vision. This case focuses on how Jackson engages and leads a senior team in formulating a vision during a period of change.

In 2012, Pactera, a China-headquartered IT service firm, went public on the NASDAQ. In 2014, it was taken private by a consortium led by the U.S.-based global investment and advisory firm Blackstone. This accelerated the firm's expansion in the U.S. market and its plans to move up the value chain. Pactera's executive vice-president must formulate and implement the right strategy in order to continue its success in the U.S. market, gain access to cutting-edge technology and talent, and better compete against sophisticated American and Indian rivals. Failure to apply the correct strategy to its operations in the U.S. market could restrict its growth and negatively impact its performance in the global market.

This case focuses on how Johan Pienaar, Valent Biosciences Corporation (VBC) Global Business Manager for Plant Growth Regulators, should manage growth of one of the company's most successful products - ReTain. When applied to apples, ReTain reduces fruit drop, provides more consistent premium fruit, and aids in harvest and storage management. Large, sophisticated orchards realized a five to twenty-fold return on their use of ReTain, and as a result ReTain had a market share of roughly 65% of the Total Available Market in the U.S. apple industry. Further, ReTain could be applied to other fruit crops to aid growers. Johan's challenge was how to prioritize the various opportunities to grow revenues from the ReTain technology based on its application to other fruit where ReTain was known to be effective (e.g., peaches, pineapples, almonds) and in international markets (e.g., China, Europe). At the same time, he sought to defend ReTain from several threats (e.g., a much cheaper legacy technology, disagreements about its classification as organic) to its strong market position in the U.S. apple industry. Johan must also decide whether to invest some of these limited resources into R&D in an effort to establish whether ReTain could be effective on a heretofore untested crop.

The case describes the situation of over a hundred years old, family-owned, and male-managed business group - Qadri-Group (QG). QG was facing challenges in family's interplay with the group's business. Meanwhile QG also foresaw several new business opportunities and challenges in domestic and international markets that required greater focus and harmony among the family members and group companies. QG's Board of Directors (BoD) felt that a unanimously formulated Family Constitution was needed to manage the increasing complexity in the family and ownership, as the group ventured out to benefit from the emerging business landscape. Rizwan, a third generation family member of the BoD, initiated and advocated the idea of developing a family constitution as soon as possible to address the complex and lingering matters that the family faced. Rizwan appreciated that the challenges related to involvement of the family's fourth generation in the business and ownership would complicate the situation in subsequent years, during which more challenges related to QG business were also anticipated. He took on the responsibility to provide suggestions on how to govern increased family complexity (in terms of diversity of educational backgrounds, allocation of incentives to family members according to their profiles, involvement of daughters and their in-laws in QG's business etc.) and business complexity. Rizwan Qadri hoped that his suggestions related to the formulation of the family constitution would help address the following issues: 1. clarity on the issue of employment of daughters and daughters-in-law in the business 2. involvement of in-laws (unrelated by blood) in the family business 3. compensation for family members; competitive and merit based career planning Also he had to give suggestions for the process to be followed for arriving at a mutually agreed family constitution.

With four percent of the world's population involved in a sport that generated nearly $3.1 billion in annual revenue, it is no wonder that football clubs were seeking to capitalize on global opportunities. However, as football clubs moved beyond their traditional borders, they confronted the realities of globalization and struggled to determine how to evolve their marketing strategies to differentiate their brand among the competition. Club Atlético de Madrid (Atlético Madrid) was facing such a problem in 2008. Despite a rich history, loyal fan support, and even recent steps to internationalize-such as celebrity endorsements and exhibition matches against U.S. teams-the Club remained largely a Spanish brand and in the shadow of its cross-town rival Real Madrid on the world stage. It was the end of the 2007/2008 football season, and Club Atlético de Madrid appeared to have turned a corner in terms of performance on the field. The Club had recently completed its best season in ten years, finishing fourth in Spain's top professional league. However, the Club's revenue growth did not match expectations. Just one year earlier, CEO Miguel Angel Gil Marin had stated the following goal: "our brand will help us to double revenues in two years." Although he had added that the "Atlético Madrid" brand was a valuable asset very familiar among Spaniards, he had also admitted that the Club would need to adapt to the increasing globalization of football. The Club was committed to increasing revenue through a renewed focus on marketing and brand building intended to increase awareness and attractiveness of the Atlético Madrid brand. But how could the Club achieve this? Should and could it try to make Atlético Madrid a household name around the world?

This case discusses the digitalization strategies of a leading bank in Turkey, Akbank, and how to position its digital banking products going forward. The Turkish banking industry was undergoing a transformation prompted by the demands of the country's digitally savvy, young population, and by new regulations on consumer banking that threatened banks' profitability. Akbank had a legacy as the best financial services company in Turkey, but bank leadership knew it needed to innovate to maintain that reputation in the digital era. The bank's chairman, CEO, and EVP of digital banking unit were evaluating their options. Should they have a separate P&L for the digital banking unit? Should they create a separate brand for digital banking? How should they structure digital banking so Akbank would remain profitable while achieving the vision for innovation and growth laid out by the bank's chairman?

This case features San Francisco-based financial technology startup, LOYAL3. Founded in 2008, the company seeks to disrupt the capital markets and democratize access to those markets for retail investors. By the fall of 2014, LOYAL3 had three products. In the first, the Social IPO Platformâ„¢, LOYAL3 acted as co-manager of an issuing company's initial public offering (IPO), enabling individual investors to purchase IPO shares at the same price-and the same time-as institutional investors. The second product, the Social Stock Planâ„¢, allowed investors to purchase stock in publicly traded companies they liked. The third product, Stock Rewardsâ„¢, enabled companies to grant free stock to customers in lieu of promotional discounts or in recognition of brand loyalty. LOYAL3 CEO Barry Schneider viewed 2014 as a watershed year. The company had participated in 10 initial public offerings to date. In the case he contemplates the product roadmap going forward.

This case explores the decision-making process that small, private businesses must undertake when considering an expansion and when selling equity to outside investors. In the process, students are asked to complete two exercises: a break-even analysis and a valuation exercise.

This case illustrates the dilemma faced by the president of EGA, a Latin American business school, who chooses to innovate and has to make some controversial strategic, organizational and financial decisions. The case focuses on the challenges posed by product innovation, following the Stage-Gate model and describing its phases, from business case preparation, through protocol definition and product architecture, to identifying operation requirements. It explores the difficulties and dilemmas involved in starting and executing an innovation project.

Tremendous changes in the global competitive landscape threaten Deutsche Lufthansa AG, the largest airline group in the world. Three large Gulf carriers, Emirates, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways, as well as Turkish Airlines, now stand to compete with Lufthansa on the traditionally profitable long-haul segment. Chairman of the executive board and chief executive officer has to act quickly if Lufthansa is to keep its top spot. Having ignored the threat from low-cost airlines in the past, Lufthansa must now be better prepared to respond. It is crucial that Lufthansa finds adequate strategic options for sustaining and further expanding its market-leading position.

The term "conflict minerals" referred to four minerals-tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold-that are mined in countries throughout the world, including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These minerals, sometimes referred to as the "3TG" minerals, were used in many industries for a variety of purposes. The electronics industry was a significant user of the "3 T's" and gold. Tungsten, for instance, was used in the screens of cellphones and also created the vibrating alert. Tantalum held the battery charge in a cellphone or tablet, was critical to the exchange of text messages and emails, and was a component of cellphone camera lenses. The conflict minerals issue dated to the early 2000s but public awareness took years to develop, following the efforts of nongovernment organizations such as the Enough Project. Intel began to work on the issue internally in 2008, at the direction of its CEO, and conducted its first conflict minerals supply chain survey in 2009. Intel then pledged to manufacture microprocessors with tantalum sourced from conflict-free supply chains by 2012 and to make the world's first commercially available microprocessor that is DRC conflict free for all four metals by 2013; it achieved both goals. Intel's decision to address the conflict minerals problem head-on was one of the movement's first big successes; the policies Intel implemented to obtain conflict-free minerals went beyond what was required by Dodd-Frank.

As of 2014, housing policies in Singapore continue to be a hot issue with the growing affluence of the population and the long-standing policy of ensuring home ownership for all Singaporeans. Despite the establishment of the Council for Estate Agencies (CEA) in 2010, which put in place tighter competition among real estate agents and stricter regulatory rules targeted at cooling the market, ethical concerns surrounding the real estate industry remain. Complaints are mostly made against the agents' unethical behaviour that arise from unsavoury advertising, marketing and sales tactics. This is especially problematic given that real estate agents have an information advantage over buyers and sellers. Without a strong ethical compass, the desire for personal gain and self-interest can often influence agents to act against their clients' best interests. The question remains, will CEA policy action be enough to solve this dilemma?

Set in 2009-2010, during the fractious U.S. Congressional debate over enacting the Obamacare health reform bill, this ethics case focuses on the choices and constraints facing Bart Stupak, a Democratic Congressman from Michigan's Upper Peninsula, who was both a dedicated advocate for healthcare reform and a lifelong opponent of abortion (as were the majority of voters in his rural, largely Catholic district). The case provides basic background about Stupak, his district, and the Obamacare debate but the heart of the story belongs to the abortion policy sub-plot of the larger healthcare reform drama, which culminated with the final, razor-close vote on the Affordable Care Act in the U.S. House of Representatives on March 21, 2010. At this critical moment, with the fate of the ACA hanging by a thread, the Democratic leadership pressed Stupak and his small group of pro-life House Democrats to abandon their controversial abortion stance and deliver their critically-needed votes to pass the Obamacare bill. At the same time, Stupak's traditional pro-life and Catholic supporters doubled-down on demands that he and his group hold the line, even if it meant dealing the death blow to health reform. Anti-Obamacare Republicans, meantime, maneuvered around the edges, seeking to leverage the abortion issue in a last-ditch effort to kill the bill. The case closely follows Stupak's own perceptions, conflicts, and choices as he tried to walk a middle path in this highly charged atmosphere. In the end, he made a deal with President Barack Obama, who agreed to put abortion restrictions in the form of an executive order in exchange for the support of Stupak and his bloc on the ACA.

Covalent Laboratories Private Ltd. is involved in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients and bulk drugs in Hyderabad, India. In March 2012, the company added a new manufacturing plant and was in the process of obtaining regulatory approvals for its products from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Directorate of Quality of Medicines. Anticipating good growth, the company approached the Commercial Development Bank of India in June 2014 for sanction of a term loan of INR350 million over seven years towards expansion and modernization of its existing manufacturing facilities, including the construction of a captive power plant and effluent treatment plant. As the proposed financial assistance is long term in nature and the company is a new client with average financial strength, the head of the bank's Corporate Banking Department faces a dilemma. He has asked a credit analyst to research the financial performance of the company and to assess the financial viability of and identify the risks in the proposal.

WeChat was developed by Tencent Holdings as a lightweight messaging platform. As it grew quickly to become the most popular messaging app in China, it added a range of products and services that sat on top that were designed to appeal to a broad range of consumers and businesses. Official accounts, WeChat payment, and online to offline features expanded its reach, but the core question was whether the company could break out from its home market and offer the rest of the world something that its competitors could not.