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A retired scientist and her partner want to start a company near London, Ontario, specializing in training horses for dressage competitions. The partners must ascertain whether the $100,000 they plan to invest will be sufficient to cover cash requirements, or whether a loan is required. Neither partner has had any business training, and they are unsure how to prepare proper financial statements. The partners wondered whether any further information was needed and what steps they would take to start the venture.

Less than a week before Barack Obama was due to be sworn in as the 44th president of the United States, Obama for America (OFA), the president-elect's official campaign organization, announced the formation of a post-election organization, Organizing for America. The new organization would keep the campaign field team offices open after Obama took charge of the country for the express purpose of influencing supporters to back his administration's agenda. The case describes the activities of the Obama for America campaign and asks whether the new president should use social media tools to activate the grassroots, or whether he should abandon these unconventional tools in order not to upset politicians in Washington.

Thomas McDonald, senior vice president of Equity International, is weighing an investment in the Brazilian homebuilder Gafisa. Was this the right country? The right company? The right co-investor? The right time? McDonald would be investing alongside a Brazilian private equity firm, GP Investments, and must decide how to structure the investment. Especially, he must decide how to align his interests with those of GP. GP has recruited EI due to its prior experience with the Mexican homebuilder Homex. McDonald must also consider: Is that experience transferable to this investment?

A leading low income housing builder in Mexico decides which prospective new local partner best extends its advantages in managing twin production lines of homes and clients. URBI has built substantial competitive advantage in the technology and culture that matches the outputs of these two production systems. The company has also built extensive expertise in accessing the many mortgage and funding sources in Mexico. To grow, the company is interested in entering other Mexican geographies but faces a choice of doing this with its own staff and buying land for cash, or partnering with local entrepreneurs and local land owners. In evaluating the choices, students must think more deeply about what makes the two production lines work and how to balance the two lines. The discussion can end with comparisons of the Mexican political and government circumstances that encourage this method of producing workforce housing as compared with the U.S., China, India, and other markets.

A privately held U.S. plumbing parts manufacturer is negotiating the purchase of a Brazilian plumbing manufacturer specializing in water conservation. The case provides sufficient information to value this cross-border acquisition and includes a brief summary of valuation techniques in this context. A particularly rich discussion arises from two points: A forecast of exchange rates from a forecasting company differs from forecasts based on inflation, and two methods are suggested for dealing with country risk (sovereign spread and scenario analysis).

Designed to teach conjoint analysis, this case challenges students to make tactical decisions based on marketing research. It should be paired with the technical note "Conjoint Analysis: A Do it Yourself Guide" (515024). A National Basketball Association franchise is struggling to increase attendance. It contracts a marketing research firm to conduct a conjoint analysis focusing on several aspects of its season ticket offerings with the hope that it can profitably improve their attractiveness.

This case focuses on the application of Value Stream Mapping as a means of identifying waste in a supplier's logistics- services activities. Students are given the information needed to construct a Value Steam Map, identify value-added and non-value-added activities, and develop opportunities for reaching 50% improvement in throughput time. It is based on the case Supplier Development at SysInteg (A), about a summer intern in the Supplier Development department at XS Inc. who is participating in a two-day Value Stream Mapping (VSM) event at a key supplier's facility--SysInteg.

In 2007, Hong Kong MTR Corporation Limited (MTRC) was offered a 20% stake in Metronet Rail (Metronet), one of the two private sector engineering consortia contracted to run and maintain the London Underground rail network, under a 30-year public private partnership (PPP) agreement with London Underground Limited (LUL). This investment had the potential to transform MTRC from a local rail operator into an international player, giving the Company a major foothold in operating urban rail systems in Europe. However, the LUL PPP was widely regarded as one of the most complex private finance arrangements in the UK public sector, and there were a host of uncertainties for Hong Kong MTRC to contend with about its ability to make a success of the project. This case would allow students to explore the motives behind the PPP agreements to operate government assets and the implications of PPP for management's operating and financial strategy. At the same time, students can also evaluate the offer made to the MTRC and the appropriateness of the Company's acceptance.

The high-speed internet industry was one of the fastest growing and fastest evolving industries in the Republic of Korea. From the first telephone line-based high-speed internet service in 1996 to hybrid fiber coaxial to asymmetric DSL in late 1999, access speeds made available to end users jumped from 128 kilobits per second to 10 megabits per second. By 2008, services offered had also evolved from pure internet access to triple-play service, which bundled IPTV, high-speed internet and telephone services. Likewise, players in the industry included telecommunications companies from the early days as well as new players, such as system operators ("SOs") and multiple system operators ("MSOs"). With new technologies and services appearing at a breakneck speed, the face of competition was constantly evolving.      

In the negotiated year 2005/2006, Brazilian iron ore giant Vale, negotiated a 71% price increase with its Chinese customers. For the same period, Australian BHP asked for a premium reflecting the freight cost differentials between shipping iron ore to China from Australia versus Brazil. This demand was later dropped due to strong opposition from Chinese steelmakers. In the negotiated year 2007/2008, following price increases of 65-71% negotiated by Vale, the other Australian Iron ore giant, Rio Tinto, demanded and obtained a premium that saw the total increase in prices reach 200% from the previous year. This case analyses the motivations behind these price negotiations in the light of BHP's intended hostile takeover of Rio Tinto, which would result not only in a combined market share of almost 40% in the production of traded iron ore but a monopoly in the supply of Australian iron ores. This case can be used in business classes, negotiation and strategy as will provide students with different aspects of the negotiation process. Issues such as hostile takeovers, pricing, market share and business relations are discussed in this case.

This case study provides a discussion of how Virgin Mobile, an innovative virtual mobile network operator, has developed a unique position in the UK market through unique positioning and strong business system fit. The first section of the case discussion focuses on the rather innovative Virgin Mobile's business model and strategy and the firm's underlying business activities that provided a uniquely differentiated positioning in the UK mobile telecommunications sector up until mid 2005. The second section explores how Virgin Mobile was able to achieve sustainable competitive advantage over the period from 1999 to 2005, but then turns to an analysis of how the firm's competitive advantage has been eroded by changes in regulation and a shift in the competitive environment.

This case examines Lehman Brothers in the months preceding its collapse. Following the announcement of a huge and unexpected second quarter loss, the CFO was removed from her post after only seven months in the job. This case explores the challenges faced by a firm leader as she attempts to manage a situation that threatens the firm's survival. In particular, the case allows for an examination of how changes in a firm's performance and position are communicated to key external stakeholders in an effort to retain their confidence, while market conditions worsen, the balance sheet deteriorates, and the firm's credibility is challenged by a short selling hedge fund.

On October 18, 2007, Ecuador's President Rafael Correa announced his intention to migrate Petrobras' existing participation contracts to exploit oil reserves in Ecuador's Blocks 18 and 31 to servicing agreements under which Petrobras would be paid a production fee and reimbursed for investment costs but all recovered oil would belong to the government. Correa also announced a dramatic increase in corporate taxes and changes to other contracts to which Petrobras was a party. All foreign oil companies operating In Ecuador would be similarly affected and any company refusing to "renegotiate" its contracts would face a 100% tax on profits. How should Petrobras respond to Ecuador's riding roughshod over its contracts? Should Petrobras take the Ecuadorian government to arbitration? Or would it be better to pursue a negotiated solution similar to that reached in Bolivia a year earlier? How should Petrobras balance its fiduciary duties to and the best Interests of its shareholders with the interests of the Brazilian government? How should it communicate with its various constituencies?

Business ecosystems require careful orchestration and strategic choices regarding make/buy/partner decisions and membership access. This case examines the strategic and technological issues related to managing SAP's thriving ecosystem of user communities, software vendors, integration partners and technology providers. It details how the ecosystem gets developed and the challenges in meeting the needs of the internal organization, large partners, and small up and coming firms. SAP executives, in this case, have to make a decision if a relatively small startup firm should be elevated to the highest strategic partnership level, normally reserved for very large firms.

In January 2008, Samsung Electronics won 32 innovation and design engineering awards at the Consumer Electronics Show, the largest show of its kind in the world. Samsung Electronics' management believed that the awards were an endorsement (or "vindication") of the company's investment in product design and innovation. However, the company found its competitive advantage diminishing quickly due to commoditization of research and development ("R&D"), product design and innovation processes. This is a management strategy case that explores product design, innovation strategies and strategic planning in a changing competitive landscape. While investment in R&D and product design has rewarded Samsung Electronics with its dominant market position and premium brand perception, such dominance may not be sustainable in the long run, especially now that competitors are achieving higher profitability with lower investments in R&D per product. The case also discusses such issues as product design philosophies, innovation strategies, localization of products, product design outsourcing for consumer electronics products.

This case describes the complexity of PepsiCo's competitive position in the Mexican soft drink market in late 1996. Following PepsiCo's anchor bottler in Mexico, Gemex, the case details the strategies employed by PepsiCo's senior management, beginning in 1993, to expand its market share versus its traditional "red nemesis," Coca-Cola. The various dimensions of PepsiCo's strategy-marketing, management, financial, strategic-are all seen to have deteriorated in the aftermath of the unexpected fall in the Mexican peso in December 1994. Focusing on the financial implications of the peso devaluation, the case then describes PepsiCo's response, which only seemed to increase the financial burdens imposed on the faltering Pepsi market share.

The case features a dispute between the US Forest Service and conservation groups over forest management practices on the Bitterroot National Forest in Montana. The conservation groups sued the Forest Service in US District Court and the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Court with the Forest Service eventually winning on the issues. However, in August 2008, Dave Bull, the Forest Service Supervisor, was frustrated with the recurrent conflicts that impeded the Forest Service's ability to pursue important forest management projects (e.g., fuel reduction projects to protect people's lives and properties). Dave's staff of 145 people spent 80% of its time on data collection and analysis, much of it preparing for anticipated lawsuits, and 20% on project implementation. Dave wanted to reverse those numbers, but after 50 years of conflict, he was not sure where to start. He felt he needed a strategy to improve collaboration, but that carried some risks. If he made things worse, he might get an early retirement. As the case closes, Dave is examining the Forest Service's approach to collaboration. The Forest Service encouraged collaborative strategies but it said, "The final decision still rests with the agency." Given this caveat, Dave was wondering how he could effectively encourage collaboration among the stakeholders. The case explores this issue and gives Dave some direction.

Eliot Robbens is the CEO of TrakVue, a spinout launched two years ago with highly ambitious financial projections. His vice president of sales has just quit after only six months, becoming the second sales VP that Eliot has lost. The company is a year behind in achieving its results, and Eliot has a board meeting coming up in just a few days. Where to turn? His old friend Amory declines to advise him and suggests executive coaching. An affable squash opponent counsels that he save himself by landing a couple of big accounts. His beloved wife offers a vaguely Zen exhortation. How can Eliot get genuine help? Three experts comment on this fictional case study in R0904B and R0904Z. Jaithirth Rao, an IT entrepreneur and the founder of MphasiS, has experienced Eliot's difficulty himself. He calls it "the myth of the self-reliant leader." Rao cautions that colleagues' own agendas may color their advice and that executive coaches may fail to perceive the ambiguities in a situation. A formal network of peers can be powerful, he says - as can a loyal and perceptive assistant. Susan J. Ashford, a dean and a professor at the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business, suggests that the biggest challenge for Eliot is developing greater learning agility. He must admit his weaknesses, share his concerns with colleagues and the board, and create a company culture in which input is valued. Stephen J. Socolof, a founder and a managing partner of New Venture Partners, says that Eliot should acquire an active network of mentors and should regularly ask for help from the board, which will appreciate being kept in the loop.

Eliot Robbens is the CEO of TrakVue, a spinout launched two years ago with highly ambitious financial projections. His vice president of sales has just quit after only six months, becoming the second sales VP that Eliot has lost. The company is a year behind in achieving its results, and Eliot has a board meeting coming up in just a few days. Where to turn? His old friend Amory declines to advise him and suggests executive coaching. An affable squash opponent counsels that he save himself by landing a couple of big accounts. His beloved wife offers a vaguely Zen exhortation. How can Eliot get genuine help? Three experts comment on this fictional case study in R0904B and R0904Z. Jaithirth Rao, an IT entrepreneur and the founder of MphasiS, has experienced Eliot's difficulty himself. He calls it "the myth of the self-reliant leader." Rao cautions that colleagues' own agendas may color their advice and that executive coaches may fail to perceive the ambiguities in a situation. A formal network of peers can be powerful, he says - as can a loyal and perceptive assistant. Susan J. Ashford, a dean and a professor at the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business, suggests that the biggest challenge for Eliot is developing greater learning agility. He must admit his weaknesses, share his concerns with colleagues and the board, and create a company culture in which input is valued. Stephen J. Socolof, a founder and a managing partner of New Venture Partners, says that Eliot should acquire an active network of mentors and should regularly ask for help from the board, which will appreciate being kept in the loop.

Eliot Robbens is the CEO of TrakVue, a spinout launched two years ago with highly ambitious financial projections. His vice president of sales has just quit after only six months, becoming the second sales VP that Eliot has lost. The company is a year behind in achieving its results, and Eliot has a board meeting coming up in just a few days. Where to turn? His old friend Amory declines to advise him and suggests executive coaching. An affable squash opponent counsels that he save himself by landing a couple of big accounts. His beloved wife offers a vaguely Zen exhortation. How can Eliot get genuine help? Three experts comment on this fictional case study in R0904B and R0904Z. Jaithirth Rao, an IT entrepreneur and the founder of MphasiS, has experienced Eliot's difficulty himself. He calls it "the myth of the self-reliant leader." Rao cautions that colleagues' own agendas may color their advice and that executive coaches may fail to perceive the ambiguities in a situation. A formal network of peers can be powerful, he says - as can a loyal and perceptive assistant. Susan J. Ashford, a dean and a professor at the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business, suggests that the biggest challenge for Eliot is developing greater learning agility. He must admit his weaknesses, share his concerns with colleagues and the board, and create a company culture in which input is valued. Stephen J. Socolof, a founder and a managing partner of New Venture Partners, says that Eliot should acquire an active network of mentors and should regularly ask for help from the board, which will appreciate being kept in the loop.