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This case is about implementing a strategic initiative at Grand Circle Corporation, one of the largest international tour operators in the US, sending over 1 million retired Americans overseas since 1985. After having launched the Grand Circle Foundation in 1992, the owners come to the realization in 2003 that it is not achieving its original mission. The case describes the challenges that the company is facing in trying to embed corporate philanthropy as part of their business model rather than it being a side show. The reader is left with a number of unanswered issues concerning what the owners, Alan and Harriet Lewis should do.

Teaches students to diagnose the circumstances under which time pressure can facilitate or hinder creativity. A team's creative "genius", Miles Grady, who previously conceptualized a revolutionary material for an important new product, must now significantly change that material so that the team can create an entirely new business. This early new business development project, while supported by management, has a looming deadline for proof-of-concept. The deadline has already been extended, but the team does not seem close to the breakthrough it needs. The team's leader, Stanley Carmine, who has managed to get a few weeks' extension from management, needs to figure out how best to manage Grady under the looming deadline. He studies Grady's past "daily laboratory logs" to discover the connections, if any, between time pressure, other circumstances, and Grady's level of creativity.

The Biodiversity National Institute (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, hence INBio) was created in 1989 to develop and promote a greater knowledge of Costa Rica's biodiversity, as well as to encourage its sustainable utilization. INBio's activities began with an inventory of Costa Rican biodiversity and, later, expanded to other endeavors associated with bioprospecting, conservation, and the INBio-park, among others. Since inception, the organization had been managed by its founding leader, Rodrigo Gámez. In 2002, the organization designed and launched a four-year strategic plan called "Towards a Sustainable INBio," which sought to introduce several changes, such as organizational structure variations, human resources management improvements, and a planned succession process. The core issue presented by this case revolves around its leader's succession. For 14 years, INBio had been run by Rodrigo Gámez, its leader and founder. As some of the measures outlined in the "Towards a Sustainable INBio" plan were launched in August 2003, Rodrigo Gámez had a heart attack. Piva and a group of Theme Directors took over provisionally. Gámez's health condition forced INBio to accelerate its planned succession process. Piva was asked to conduct an analysis and to present replacement options to the organization's Board. Piva would analyze and submit his findings on the following options: a) hiring an outside candidate, or b) empowering theme directors to manage the organization within a flat and participative structure, led and coordinated by one of them. Based on Piva's analysis and presentation, the Board would then make a decision.

Castlebridge & Company, a maker of high-quality outerwear, is a century-old British institution. Its headquarters remain in London, but most of its manufacturing has moved offshore. With the last domestic factory slated to close, the firm's executives struggle to preserve the "Britishness" of the brand. For historian Niall Ferguson, the plant closure is a logical step. The British public has been down this road, as have foreign consumers of British products. The real risk to the brand, Ferguson asserts, is the potential loss of its high-class cachet--not its national identity. Fashion reporter Dana Thomas argues that by broadening their markets beyond the super wealthy, luxury brands have made themselves vulnerable to economic fluctuations. Cutting costs by moving production offshore is inevitable, so Castlebridge should, with characteristic British candor, come clean about it. If the firm shines light on its native roots and its international production, it could establish a winning reputation as a truly modern, global brand. Dov Seidman, CEO of LRN, takes issue with how Castlebridge has gone about the shift to offshore production. In a world where reputation matters more than ever, the firm can't just outperform competitors. It must "outbehave" them, by keeping its promises and acting in a principled manner. Seidman advises the company to rediscover and recommit to the core values that have brought it this far. Writer and consultant Gill Corkindale looks inside Castlebridge, focusing on the staff that will stay on as the company restructures. She recommends a trust-building people strategy, modeled by the CEO, which emphasizes forthright communication from management, as well as genuine solicitation of, and response to, the opinions of employees.

Castlebridge & Company, a maker of high-quality outerwear, is a century-old British institution. Its headquarters remain in London, but most of its manufacturing has moved offshore. With the last domestic factory slated to close, the firm's executives struggle to preserve the "Britishness" of the brand. For historian Niall Ferguson, the plant closure is a logical step. The British public has been down this road, as have foreign consumers of British products. The real risk to the brand, Ferguson asserts, is the potential loss of its high-class cachet--not its national identity. Fashion reporter Dana Thomas argues that by broadening their markets beyond the super wealthy, luxury brands have made themselves vulnerable to economic fluctuations. Cutting costs by moving production offshore is inevitable, so Castlebridge should, with characteristic British candor, come clean about it. If the firm shines light on its native roots and its international production, it could establish a winning reputation as a truly modern, global brand. Dov Seidman, CEO of LRN, takes issue with how Castlebridge has gone about the shift to offshore production. In a world where reputation matters more than ever, the firm can't just outperform competitors. It must "outbehave" them, by keeping its promises and acting in a principled manner. Seidman advises the company to rediscover and recommit to the core values that have brought it this far. Writer and consultant Gill Corkindale looks inside Castlebridge, focusing on the staff that will stay on as the company restructures. She recommends a trust-building people strategy, modeled by the CEO, which emphasizes forthright communication from management, as well as genuine solicitation of, and response to, the opinions of employees.

Castlebridge & Company, a maker of high-quality outerwear, is a century-old British institution. Its headquarters remain in London, but most of its manufacturing has moved offshore. With the last domestic factory slated to close, the firm's executives struggle to preserve the "Britishness" of the brand. For historian Niall Ferguson, the plant closure is a logical step. The British public has been down this road, as have foreign consumers of British products. The real risk to the brand, Ferguson asserts, is the potential loss of its high-class cachet--not its national identity. Fashion reporter Dana Thomas argues that by broadening their markets beyond the super wealthy, luxury brands have made themselves vulnerable to economic fluctuations. Cutting costs by moving production offshore is inevitable, so Castlebridge should, with characteristic British candor, come clean about it. If the firm shines light on its native roots and its international production, it could establish a winning reputation as a truly modern, global brand. Dov Seidman, CEO of LRN, takes issue with how Castlebridge has gone about the shift to offshore production. In a world where reputation matters more than ever, the firm can't just outperform competitors. It must "outbehave" them, by keeping its promises and acting in a principled manner. Seidman advises the company to rediscover and recommit to the core values that have brought it this far. Writer and consultant Gill Corkindale looks inside Castlebridge, focusing on the staff that will stay on as the company restructures. She recommends a trust-building people strategy, modeled by the CEO, which emphasizes forthright communication from management, as well as genuine solicitation of, and response to, the opinions of employees.

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South Korea, as one of the Asian "tiger" economies, transformed itself into the world's 11th largest economy and major exporter by 1996, emerging from being one of the lowest income countries in the region back in the 1960s. Yet one year later in 1997, Korea was swept up in the Asian financial crisis and sought a record $58 billion bailout from the International Monetary Fund. The crisis exposed fundamental weaknesses in the Korean economy, from bad loans to reckless growth policies pursued by large conglomerates. Sweeping reforms took place and the Korean economy rebounded quickly. Yet as Korea approached the 10-year anniversary of the crisis, the nation found itself pondering whether it had implemented enough institutional and structural reforms, or whether more had to be done, such as searching for a new economic development model to ensure its future.

Terminating employees is one of the most unpleasant, yet necessary, responsibilities managers have to carry out. The Wall Street Journal has reported that firing someone is one of three situations that make company presidents most uneasy. Due to a number of factors including anxiety, lack of preparation and ingrained social norms, terminations are often botched, putting companies at risk for low employee morale, negative PR, and lawsuits, among other undesirable outcomes. The ideal course of action is to prevent a termination in the first place through a combination of effective hiring, communication, coaching and management. Yet, after all other reasonable options have been exhausted, retaining a "problem employee" may be the only action worse than firing him. Keeping such an individual on staff allows substandard results or harmful behavior to continue and simultaneously sends the message to the rest of the organization that the company tolerates under-performance. As a result, the best course of action in these situations is to carefully prepare for a termination and then conduct it swiftly and respectfully. After an employee has been fired, proactively informing those with a need to know and filling the vacant position as soon as possible minimizes disruption to the organization. When a termination is properly handled, companies often resume normal business operations with very little tumult.

The case examines how the best practices of two banks were organized and managed to provide financial services to a small niche of foreign customers in the mining, tourism and construction sectors in Tanzania. The two banks claimed to be similar in many ways. They both were from countries whose economies were run broadly on neo-liberal lines, in that there was little state intervention in either economy, however, differences existed with respect to how they managed their operations. The case is ideally suited to illustrate the on-going tension and different types of best practices in cross-market integration. It provides opportunities to explore the challenges faced by multinational company banks in managing global workforces, the evolution of the banking sector, and the influence of technology in shaping work in organizations.

The case puts the students in the role of a member of a management team trying to create a strategy map and balanced scorecard, in an attempt to ensure alignment of strategic objectives and how to reach them.

The electric guitar market is both enticing and daunting for a small company - a multi-billion $US sector that has grown almost constantly since the 1960s, but where competition is based as much on image as on substance. The market is naturally fragmented (similar to the market for many musical instruments), yet dominant players make entry and sustenance difficult. While Asian producers or branded imports dominate the low and mid-priced market, collectors and serious players seek high-end branded or handmade instruments that can be resold with only minor loss, if any. To augment collector value, high-end guitar manufacturers constantly modify components, making short-run series with unique features (often specified by "name" musicians and sold under their signature). For established brands, vintage instruments, and handmade instruments, used guitars may sell for their original purchase price or surprising multiples thereof; the value of some pieces increases after only ten years. From this standpoint, experienced buyers can make essentially risk-free purchases. The case tells the story of Joe Naylor, the owner-manager of Reverend Guitars, a small company that made a startling impact on the electric guitar market with a clever use of innovative products, innovative marketing and innovative use of the internet to a) leverage an existing community and b) build a new one.

A team led by Vivienne Cox, Executive Vice President for Gas, Power, and Renewables, identifies and launches a new business, BP Alternative Energy. Investing on this scale in a "green" power business was a radical departure for BP.It illustrates how Cox guided the emergence of a vision for AE, got key stakeholders on board and set in place conditions for a highly motivated team.

Describes the development and implementation of one of the world's most advanced human resource management support systems. The Royal Bank of Scotland Group is a global banking leader that began implementing a strategy for measuring the impact of human capital on bottom-line financial metrics in 2000. Spearheaded by HR executive Greig Aitken, this strategy included the use of an online toolkit of software through which HR executives could measure employee performance, gauge its impact on business performance, and commission new unit-specific surveys and studies. Aitken faces several challenges in advancing the use of human capital strategy throughout the Group: namely, how should he further build buy-in among key Group executives? And how should the Group respond when human capital analysis reveals some startling results in one of its most important divisions?

This is a shortened version of The Coca-Cola Company (A): The Rise and Fall of M. Douglas Ivester, HBS case #9-800-355. It eliminates some background detail and the financial data and exhibits. As with the original case, it chronicles the appointment of Douglas Ivester as CEO of Coca-Cola and the missteps that led to his dismissal.

Dean Venky of the newly launched School of Engineering and Applied Sciences is faced with a range of opportunities and challenges as he presides over the launching of a new school of engineering at Harvard University. His opportunities include an ample endowment, a small but elite faculty, and the potential to collaborate with the other schools within Harvard. His challenges include attracting the best faculty and students, creating linkages across the university, and determining a strategy that will make Harvard engineering as well known as its other schools. Students must analyze the engineering school's strengths and weaknesses relative to other top schools, the political challenges of organizational change, and the most appropriate strategy for the Dean to follow.

Karl Henderson was a senior manager at Metrionic Systems, a Santa Clara, California-based provider of networking solutions. During his time there, he had worked on and managed various cross-functional teams. When he was given the opportunity to manage a team that was spread across five continents, Henderson was confident that with a little groundwork, he could manage perfectly and deliver on time as he had always done. Due to a recent increase in the number of breaches into enterprise networks by hackers, Metrionic's vice president wanted the team to develop the next-generation network-security product for IT professionals. Companies were seeking advanced security devices that could prevent any further attacks. The home bases of the individuals on the team created by the vice president stretched across five continents. For the first time in his life, Henderson had to consider the various aspects of managing a team virtually. After reading the case, students can be given a role to play from the virtual team. They must decide how to proceed in the first conference call. In addition, the Henderson role must consider issues, such as how to create and manage the communication across the globe. See BC-0211 for the B case.

Mitalio is a BPM (Business Process Management) developer with a solid presence in the business enterprise arena. Its installed base includes global corporations in three continents. The announcement of the merger of BEA and Fuego, two well-known BPM competitors, has placed Mitalio in a reactive position. With 140 projects with potential clients around the world in the proposal stage and with an additional 60 pilot projects under way, the BEA announcement is likely to produce fear and uncertainty among its customers. Its effects need to be neutralized as soon as possible. The loss of any of the current projects or an extended decision delay, due to the BEA announcement, may have an undesirable impact on the company financial performance in 2006 and 2007. Mitalio must address this challenge with a decisive e-marketing strategy that boosts the sales pipeline and helps position the company as thought leader in the BPM field.

This case is designed to examine the issue of corporate social responsibility in a small firm. The key issue is how a small organization can maintain its strong social responsibility philosophy when (a) the organization is growing, (b) the environment in which the organization exists is extremely competitive, and (c) the entrepreneurial visionary who started the firm is getting ready to step down. The case describes the dilemma the owner of White Dog Cafe has regarding the transition of current management to the new management team and the development of the White Dog Cafe's social responsibility philosophy, the challenges that other socially responsible organizations have had as they have grown, and the strategies that the company has used to successfully keep its philosophies and goals at the forefront of its business operations.

In February 2005, Nigel Burton, in his third year as president of global oral care at Colgate-Palmolive Company (CP), had every reason to feel optimistic. Worldwide market shares were strong and Colgate Max Fresh (CMF), a new toothpaste that had helped drive Colgate to a record value share in the important U.S. market, was in the global pipeline for 2005. Burton had on his desk the proposed marketing launch plans for CMF in China and Mexico. Each plan sought to maximize the business potential in the local market. Burton had to assess the plans from a global perspective.