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By 2008, a number of the firm's early cleantech investments were showing promise, and the companies were starting to need significantly more money to create the massive scale required in the energy sector. As Khosla thought about the hundreds of millions of dollars required by his portfolio companies, he wondered how he should position his firm at this stage of development. Should Khosla develop a new fund that focused on later-stage investments? Should he seek investments from large industry players such as the major oil companies? Should he try raising money from the managers of the sovereign funds in countries such as Singapore, Kuwait and China? How should the firm work with its strategic partners? Khosla knew that lining up enough later stage funding would be challenging, as the cleantech industry was still unproven for investors. Nevertheless, he was determined to continue his pattern of making bold investments in this emerging field.

Anna Amphlett, a financial analyst at Textron Corporation, has been asked by the controller to benchmark the company's recent financial performance against competitors in the aerospace and defense industry. Top management plans to assess the performance of the company's supply chain and its future working capital requirements. Textron experienced impressive stock price growth in the last five years, but top management is particularly interested in understanding the company's sizeable investments in net working capital over the same period. In benchmarking Textron's performance, Amphlett must also consider what to do about accounting method differences across companies in the aerospace and defense industry, since they may have a significant effect on the interpretation of differences in reported performance.

This a role play supplement to Competing for Development (A): Fuel Efficient Stoves for Darfur, product # 908M61. The role plays feature additional background, motivations and decision priorities from the key local and international players in Darfur's fuel efficient stove interventions, including the Intermediate Technology Group , renamed to Practical Action in 2005 (ITDG/PA), the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Aprovecho, the International Lifeline Fund, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and organizations representing local, female, internally displaced persons (IDPs).

This a role play supplement to Competing for Development (A): Fuel Efficient Stoves for Darfur, product # 908M61. The role plays feature additional background, motivations and decision priorities from the key local and international players in Darfur's fuel efficient stove interventions, including the Intermediate Technology Group , renamed to Practical Action in 2005 (ITDG/PA), the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Aprovecho, the International Lifeline Fund, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and organizations representing local, female, internally displaced persons (IDPs).

This a role play supplement to Competing for Development (A): Fuel Efficient Stoves for Darfur, product # 908M61. The role plays feature additional background, motivations and decision priorities from the key local and international players in Darfur's fuel efficient stove interventions, including the Intermediate Technology Group , renamed to Practical Action in 2005 (ITDG/PA), the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Aprovecho, the International Lifeline Fund, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and organizations representing local, female, internally displaced persons (IDPs).

This a role play supplement to Competing for Development (A): Fuel Efficient Stoves for Darfur, product # 908M61. The role plays feature additional background, motivations and decision priorities from the key local and international players in Darfur's fuel efficient stove interventions, including the Intermediate Technology Group , renamed to Practical Action in 2005 (ITDG/PA), the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Aprovecho, the International Lifeline Fund, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and organizations representing local, female, internally displaced persons (IDPs).

This a role play supplement to Competing for Development (A): Fuel Efficient Stoves for Darfur, product # 908M61. The role plays feature additional background, motivations and decision priorities from the key local and international players in Darfur's fuel efficient stove interventions, including the Intermediate Technology Group , renamed to Practical Action in 2005 (ITDG/PA), the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Aprovecho, the International Lifeline Fund, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and organizations representing local, female, internally displaced persons (IDPs).

A capital-intensive industry that requires sophisticated high technology and enormous economies of scale, the global large civil aircraft industry allows only a few profitable players and has been dominated by the duopoly of The Boeing Company ("Boeing") and Airbus S.A.S. ("Airbus"). Although outsourcing has been evident since the 1970s, since the 1990s, Boeing and Airbus have become increasingly reliant on foreign suppliers, especially those in newly emerging markets, such as China. Industrial offset arrangements allow the two giants to contract their production processes, and increasingly the actual design and engineering work, to Chinese suppliers in exchange for guaranteed sales of the finished aircraft to Chinese airlines. This case provides a brief introduction to the global large civil aircraft industry. It can be used to teach courses with a focus on economics, business management, production and operational management.

This case illustrates China's attempts at building its own regional jets and large civil aircraft. The case can be used to teach courses in international competitiveness and strategic management at the country, industry or firm level. It can also be used as an introduction to corporate mission and governance issues for companies that are dominated by government shareholders.

Marketing improves an organization's performance by establishing and fostering profitable relationships with customers. This note details the major choices faced by marketing professionals and the 10 steps for preparing a successful marketing plan.

By setting up a thought experiment, this exercise challenges students to examine their own assumptions about the meaning of the word "public" in public education, as well as to understand competing assumptions held by others.

The (B) case provides the denouement to the (A) case about Medtronic's introduction of the Chronicle and remote monitoring business.

Ocean Tomo's management team sought to turn the company into the leading intermediary for intellectual property. Despite its increasingly important role in the global marketplace, IP remained a notoriously illiquid asset--difficult to value, harder to trade, and often underutilized by owners. CEO Jim Malackowski and his colleagues hoped to capitalize on this inefficiency by designing and operating innovative marketplaces for intellectual property. After a successful live IP auction in the spring of 2008 (62% of 85 offered lots were sold for a total of $19.6 million), Ocean Tomo had to decide which of its five business lines to emphasize. Indeed, from its inception, Ocean Tomo had been designed as a "one-stop shop" for IP services, with five inter-related lines of business. Which of these services provided the largest market opportunity for Ocean Tomo? How should the company allocate its scarce resources (it had not sought outside funding yet) in order to get the most leverage going forward?

Tiffany & Company was the leading U.S. luxury jewelry brand, generating more than $2.6 billion in revenue through 167 retail outlets globally and from catalog and Internet sales. For nearly 170 years, Tiffany had managed its brand. In February 2007, a hedge fund, Trian Fund Management LP, announced that it had bought a 5.5% stake in Tiffany, and become its largest shareholder. Trian believed that Tiffany was undervalued and stated that it wanted to help the company "improve its earnings per share by addressing various operational and strategic issues." In response, Tiffany began to consider different actions to increase shareholder value.

Spreadsheet Supplement for case 209056.

The note examines the role of credit rating agencies in capital markets, with emphasis on the role of these agencies in the recent credit crisis and recommendations for change.

This case, set in 2008, examines how Google has worked to avoid potential negative byproducts of rapid growth such as bureaucracy, slow decision-making, lack of visibility, and organizational inconsistency. When the case protagonist, Kim Scott, started with Google in 2004, she wondered if she would still be there in several years as she liked small, entrepreneurial companies. In 2008, she was pleased that Google still had the same entrepreneurial energy that it had when she joined. She and her colleagues reflect on how Google has been able to maintain its culture as the company keeps doubling in size.

This three part case series deals with the distribution of FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) to low income areas (slums) in Kenya. In the (A) case, students are introduced to a young African entrepreneur, Mr. Ng'ang'a Wanjohi. Since graduating in 1998, Wanjohi has been involved in four start-ups - none of which has been successful. However, he has learned a lot along the way and is not deterred. He sees an enormous opportunity in the fragmented Kenyan micro retail market, consisting of 100,000 kiosks, primarily in low income areas. This market, which represents 75% of the Kenyan retail market, is "dingy, dirty, smelly and dangerous" and neglected by many FMCG companies. Students are asked to analyze and refine a business plan for product distribution in this market by Bicycle Sales Representatives (BSRs). Learning objectives: The case series would be suitable for a core marketing course (dealing with the market challenge, and distribution and retail issues in Africa), a course on supply chain (distribution issues in Africa), an entrepreneurship course (dealing with business growth strategies) or a general management course. In all these courses, the case series can be used to illustrate the challenge and complexity of reaching low income customers in developing countries.

This is the second part of a case series dealing with the distribution of FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) to low income areas (slums) in Kenya. It describes the successful launch of KasKazi Network - a revolutionary concept of distribution by bicycle to the "bottom of the pyramid." It reveals how Wanjohi dealt with the key stakeholders (FMCG manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers) as well as operational issues and HR policies. Learning objectives: The case series would be suitable for a core marketing course (dealing with the market challenge, and distribution and retail issues in Africa), a course on supply chain (distribution issues in Africa), an entrepreneurship course (dealing with business growth strategies) or a general management course. In all these courses, the case series can be used to illustrate the challenge and complexity of reaching low income customers in developing countries.

During the two years in which coach Jürgen Klinsmann prepared the national soccer team for the World Cup, Germany experienced a soccer revolution. Klinsmann brought a team that had hit rock-bottom back to a world-class level. The soccer team's appearance on and off the field galvanized the Germans and contributed significantly to the World Cup's amazing success: all its games were sold out, the mood was euphoric in the stadiums, and new images of a friendly, open Germany circulated around the world.