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The bottom-up "Spaghetti Organization" for pioneering innovation at Oticon was successful growing the top line for almost two decades, but gradually became too fragmented and costly as the company increased in size. The failure of a high cost revolutionary new product launch, together with the appointment of a new president triggered a redesign of the innovation process towards technological innovation in competence domains producing modules that could be assembled into new products designed by brand specific product teams. However, the new innovation process led to frustration and confusion. Learning objectives: Managing change in the approach to innovation. Designing an innovation process adapted to the evolution of technology and organizational size, especially the tension between bottom-up creativity and developing an integrated product portfolio that exploits changing market needs. Understanding the importance of aligning organization and culture to support change (application of the Galbraith Star Model).

The management team introduced a "cultural revolution" to support the new innovation process, followed by an innovation workflow involving project portfolio planning and road mapping, as well as involvement of marketing and production. Learning objectives: Managing change in the approach to innovation. Designing an innovation process adapted to the evolution of technology and organizational size, especially the tension between bottom-up creativity and developing an integrated product portfolio that exploits changing market needs. Understanding the importance of aligning organization and culture to support change (application of the Galbraith Star Model).

The new innovation process has been accepted and begun to produce results, but is not yet entirely satisfactory. Learning objectives: Managing change in the approach to innovation. Designing an innovation process adapted to the evolution of technology and organizational size, especially the tension between bottom-up creativity and developing an integrated product portfolio that exploits changing market needs. Understanding the importance of aligning organization and culture to support change (application of the Galbraith Star Model).

Leaders can do few things more important than encouraging helping behavior within their organizations. In the highest-performing companies, it is a norm that colleagues support one another's efforts to do the best work they can. That has always been true for efficiency reasons, but collaborative helping becomes even more vital in an era of knowledge work, when positive business outcomes depend on high creativity in often very complex projects. A help-friendly organization has to be actively nurtured, however, because helpfulness among colleagues does not arise automatically: Competition, pride, or distrust may get in the way. The trickiness of this management challenge-to increase a discretionary behavior that by definition must be inspired-makes all the more impressive what the design firm IDEO has already achieved. Its help-seeking and help-giving culture is behind the firm's success. But how has IDEO managed to make helping the norm? To answer this question, the authors spent two years observing, interviewing people, and conducting surveys at one office of the firm. They discovered four keys to building a help-friendly organization that leaders of other organizations could learn and apply to similar effect.

Feedback is crucial--but almost everyone, from new hires to C-suite executives, struggles with receiving it. The authors, who have spent 20 years working with managers on difficult conversations, outline six steps that can help you turn feedback into an important, and unthreatening, tool. (1) Know your tendencies. Look for patterns in how you respond. (Do you defend yourself? Do you lash out?) Once you understand your standard operating procedure, you can make better choices about where to go from there. (2) Separate the "what" from the "who." Your feelings about the messenger might be short-circuiting your ability to learn from the message. (3) Sort toward coaching. Work to hear feedback as well-meant advice, not as an indictment. (4) Unpack the feedback. Resist snap judgments; explore where suggestions are coming from and where they're going. (5) Request and direct feedback. Don't wait for a formal review; ask for bite-size pieces of coaching. (6) Experiment. Try following a piece of advice and seeing what happens. Criticism is never easy to take--but learning to pull value from it is essential to your development and success.

An interview with the pathbreaking online educator Salman Khan.

A "radar chart" is proposed to visualize where the company needs to improve. It can also be used to support the discussion of any group of executives on the reasons for failure of most strategic initiatives; they may do that by assessing their own company against the six proposed required capabilities and by comparing notes with each other. The six required capabilities are: 1) Companies need to have a clear and well-communicated strategy, with clear and well-communicated strategic priorities, to which strategic initiatives contribute in a clear and well-communicated way. 2) Companies need to have a cadre of executives at different levels selected for their entrepreneurial and action-learning capabilities. 3) Companies need to understand and encourage action-learning and know how to plan execution accordingly. 4) Companies need to have an inclusive approach to execution. 5) Companies need to be serious about follow-through and see it as an essential part of action-learning. 6) Companies need to realize that, in the end, lack of respect for people, is a sure cause for execution failure. These capabilities are described at length in the book Smarter Execution, published by IMD (also available from Amazon UK). Learning objectives: This note is very effective to support a group discussion on the execution capabilities of a company. It can be used by a senior management team before they decide to launch strategic initiatives; it can be used as part of a kick-off workshop when launching a strategic initiative; or it can be used along the way during execution to identify and correct execution frustrations.

As one of the larger and older family-held companies in the US, the J.M. Huber family business had strategically repositioned itself several times since it was founded in 1883. Visionary family leaders and a committed senior management team had transformed the group into an international player with leadership positions in niche markets in its various business portfolios. In 1993 the fourth generation of the family took over leadership of the company: Peter T. Francis became Chairman and CEO. He set a lofty goal for his tenure: "By the year 2010 J.M. Huber will be acknowledged as one of the best run companies in the United States". But times were not always kind. Several years after the company had levered up its balance sheet to complete the largest acquisition in its history, the economic crisis of 2007 hit many of its key markets hard, putting the group under pressure. With the crisis in fl bloom, Huber also faced another significant milestone in its 125-year-old history: the succession of Peter Francis. But true to form, the family rallied behind the company and turned this difficult moment into an opportunity to show its mettle. The Board of Directors did not shy away from the process and selected a non-family executive, Mike Marberry, as the next CEO. How did the Board support him as he took the reins in the midst of the global recession? And how did the family engaged fully with him and, based on his skillful execution, came to trust his vision for the future? After all, the firm had always succeeded in hard times, and they all wanted it be the case again. Learning objectives: Managing the family business and education of the next generation; owner's roles, family governance, family council, inclusiveness, succession process.

Executives in heavily regulated industries, such as Healthcare, often feel their hands are tied by rules and regulations which some claim to even interfere with their ability to innovate. As such, it is not uncommon to find regulated firms competing in the same way for decades without ever challenging the status quo. The case ""Rehability (A)"" describes the conditions of the highly regulated medical supplies industry in Germany and shows how traditional players, bounded by the conventional logic about how to compete in such an industry, focused on providing the lowest-cost standardized products and the widest range of ancillary supplements in stores while overlooking the pain points experienced by users of these products, thereby trapping themselves in ever intensifying and price-based competition. This two-part case is accompanied by a two-part theory-based movie, which reviews the Healthcare industry conditions and the traditional approach of the medical supplies industry and demonstrates Rehability's strategic move to shift the orientation of the industry and create a blue ocean. Together the theory-based movie and the case are excellent for teaching both MBAs and executives how to reconstruct an industry through the six paths framework. Theory-based Movies and Lecture Slides can be obtained from https://www.blueoceanstrategy.com/teaching-materials/rehability/

The case ""Rehability (B)"" illustrates how one firm created a blue ocean of new market space in the highly regulated and competitive German healthcare industry in the early 1990s. By asking a different set of strategic questions, Rehability, a German medical supplies company, shifted the focus of the industry and reconstructed market boundaries by looking across the chain of buyers, across the emotional-functional orientation of the industry, and across complementary product and service offerings. In so doing, Rehability was able to uncover and address a whole set of pain points of wheelchair users, create an unprecedented offering for them and at the same time set itself on a growth trajectory even while other medical supply stores and medical supply manufacturers struggled to survive against rapidly deteriorating industry conditions. This two-part case is accompanied by a two-part theory-based movie, which reviews the Healthcare industry conditions and the traditional approach of the medical supplies industry and demonstrates Rehability's strategic move to shift the orientation of the industry and create a blue ocean. Together the theory-based movie and the case are excellent for teaching both MBAs and executives how to reconstruct an industry through the six paths framework. Theory-based Movies and Lecture Slides can be obtained from https://www.blueoceanstrategy.com/teaching-materials/rehability/

Having been called upon by global leaders to use its technology to address the global crises of climate change and poverty, Cisco opts to pursue sustainability for corporate social responsibility and as a driver of differentiation and competitive advantage. The case discussion explores how the company answered this call to action and how the resulting strategies have proven effective in protecting its competitive advantage in an increasingly hostile business environment. The case traces the company’s historical rise to power through the Internet bubble of 2000 and up to the present day, as the firm adjusts to competition in the 21st century. With the introduction of its new and ground-breaking technology, Cisco seeks to drive sustainability and future profits. The question becomes: will it work? <br><br>The CEO ponders how he could use his company’s core business of information technology (IT) to drive global environmental and economic sustainability. Can he fulfill his dual responsibility of doing the right thing for his shareholders while, at the same time, doing the right thing for the world at large?

Ecovative Designs (Ecovative), a start-up company in upstate New York, uses an innovative process to combine agricultural waste and mycelium (mushroom “roots”) to grow forms for use in a wide variety of applications, especially a protective packaging material. Not only does this new product replace the need for the environmentally harmful alternative, extruded polystyrene, but the production process is less energy intensive. It exemplifies the cradle-to-cradle design indicative of a sustainably embedded product and attractive to companies looking to reduce their carbon footprint. In just a few years, Ecovative has expanded from a lab to a large facility funded partly through research grants and partly from contracts with two large corporations. In 2013, the partners are considering whether to sign a contract with Sealed Air, one of the largest distributors of packaging materials in the world, but the deal would mean relinquishing control over the only profitable segment of their company. They are considering alternative growth strategies to find the one that fits best with their goal: to have the largest impact on the planet while remaining profitable.

Shankaboot, the world’s first Arabic-language web series, was created in Lebanon as a social development project carrying forward the following message: “to defy traditions and explore taboos. The overarching vision was to use the web to create a forum for raising awareness, sharing alternative viewpoints and generating constructive discussions about the social issues that were often experienced by Arab youth, but which no one dared to speak up about. The project was a resounding success and received a 2011 International Digital Emmy Award. In July 2011, the producer of the web drama was approached by potential funders to scale up the Shankaboot project to the rest of the Arab world. She had to decide where Shankaboot could expand to, given censorship laws and Internet connectivity levels in the region.

Shankaboot, the world's first Arabic-language web series, was created in Lebanon as a social development project carrying forward the following message: "to defy traditions and explore taboos". The overarching vision was to use the web to create a forum for raising awareness, sharing alternative viewpoints and generating constructive discussions about the social issues that were often experienced by Arab youth, but which no one dared to speak up about. The project was a resounding success and received a 2011 International Digital Emmy Award. In July 2011, the producer of the web drama was approached by potential funders to scale up the Shankaboot project to the rest of the Arab world. She had to decide where Shankaboot could expand to, given censorship laws and Internet connectivity levels in the region.

Ecovative Designs (Ecovative), a start-up company in upstate New York, uses an innovative process to combine agricultural waste and mycelium (mushroom "roots") to grow forms for use in a wide variety of applications, especially a protective packaging material. Not only does this new product replace the need for the environmentally harmful alternative, extruded polystyrene, but the production process is less energy intensive. It exemplifies the cradle-to-cradle design indicative of a sustainably embedded product and attractive to companies looking to reduce their carbon footprint. In just a few years, Ecovative has expanded from a lab to a large facility funded partly through research grants and partly from contracts with two large corporations. In 2013, the partners are considering whether to sign a contract with Sealed Air, one of the largest distributors of packaging materials in the world, but the deal would mean relinquishing control over the only profitable segment of their company. They are considering alternative growth strategies to find the one that fits best with their goal: to have the largest impact on the planet while remaining profitable.

Having been called upon by global leaders to use its technology to address the global crises of climate change and poverty, Cisco opts to pursue sustainability for corporate social responsibility and as a driver of differentiation and competitive advantage. The case discussion explores how the company answered this call to action and how the resulting strategies have proven effective in protecting its competitive advantage in an increasingly hostile business environment. The case traces the company's historical rise to power through the Internet bubble of 2000 and up to the present day, as the firm adjusts to competition in the 21st century. With the introduction of its new and ground-breaking technology, Cisco seeks to drive sustainability and future profits. The question becomes: will it work? The CEO ponders how he could use his company's core business of information technology (IT) to drive global environmental and economic sustainability. Can he fulfill his dual responsibility of doing the right thing for his shareholders while, at the same time, doing the right thing for the world at large?

Hindustan Unilever Ltd. can trace its current-day profitable business operations in its Doom Dooma factory in the conflict-ridden northeastern state of Assam (India) to its proactive corporate responsibility initiatives since the start of its operations. A spurt in sales in the personal care segment has led the company to consider capacity expansion. The company needs to decide whether to continue to invest in Assam despite three challenges: operational risks posed by the area’s continuing insurgency, the possibility of labour disruptions and the imminent discontinuance of fiscal incentives.

Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation owned a 168-year-old British tabloid, News of the World, which obtained its juiciest stories by illegally hacking the phones of many people, including actors, celebrities and prime ministers. Murdoch shut down the paper following the disclosure of the scandal. A Parliamentary investigation showed the phone hacking practice was widespread and supported at the top of the organization. Was this scandal a failure of governance by the board, or was it only a failure of management?

Owing to the rapidly growing automotive market, international joint venture activity in the auto-components sector has been increasing in India, both in terms of frequency and strategic importance.<br><br>Bonazzi Indo Fasteners Limited, a joint venture between the Turin-based Bonazzi Group and the Mumbai-based Indo Group, was set up to manufacture automotive fasteners, primarily for global original equipment manufacturers. There is a confrontational relationship between the two joint venture partners, and the chief executive officer has been unable to broker peace between them.

Owing to the rapidly growing automotive market, international joint venture activity in the auto-components sector has been increasing in India, both in terms of frequency and strategic importance.Bonazzi Indo Fasteners Limited, a joint venture between the Turin-based Bonazzi Group and the Mumbai-based Indo Group, was set up to manufacture automotive fasteners, primarily for global original equipment manufacturers. There is a confrontational relationship between the two joint venture partners, and the chief executive officer has been unable to broker peace between them.