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Facebook's director of policy communications was faced with a situation caused by a YouTube video posted by the non-governmental organization (NGO) Greenpeace. This video publicly critiqued the environmental sustainability of Facebook's decision to build a new data center, its main objection being the fact that the new facility would be connected to a local utility provider that supplied electricity mainly from the burning of coal, one of the largest sources of global warming. This video was only the latest of a series of actions, commenced by Greenpeace eight months earlier, immediately following Facebook's decision to build the new facility. Greenpeace had dubbed these actions the "Unfriend Coal Campaign," which now had 500,000 followers and had generated numerous media stories. Greenpeace's goal was to pressure Facebook into adopting cleaner energy policies by leveraging Facebook's own social media against the company. As Facebook had no plans to stop building the facility, the director needed to figure out the best course of action for Facebook to take in response to the mounting pressure from Greenpeace in order to alleviate the increasingly negative attention from media and consumers.

Thoroughbred horse racing was in decline at the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century. Nearly all metrics, from number of horses and races, to attendance, and amount wagered, was falling. Studies indicated this was likely to continue. Horse race tracks made their money from wagering-where once racing had a monopoly on gambling in the U.S., now there were a wide range of options for gamblers. Del Mar racetrack in California was suffering the same fate as other tracks. In 2001, it embarked on a radical new marketing strategy, appealing to a young, hip demographic, families, and couples, rather than older, male gamblers. The case describes the situation facing the racing industry and track management, the rebranding strategy, and results. It challenges students to determine whether the strategy used by Del Mar is applicable to other tracks, or if it is limited due to unique circumstances at Del Mar. This case focuses on horse racing from the perspective of tracks. A companion case, SPM-50: Stonestreet Farms: Making a Business in the "Sport of Kings," focuses on the industry from the perspective of race horse owners and breeders.

This note describes the market for healthcare, primarily in the U.S., but also in other parts of the world to the extent that features of the system in particular countries are instructive. It also contains exhibits that display comparative performance of the system in terms of cost and quality. It raises the question of how health care can be delivered with higher quality at lower cost.

This case considers Apple’s entry into the Indian tablet PC market. In spite of stiff competition, Apple’s iPad had invariably become the market leader in many countries across the world. However, Samsung and RIM had surpassed its market share in India. This case offers students a unique opportunity to understand the reality of entering a new market and losing the coveted market leader position.

Nawaal Motlekar is the managing director of Kwenta Media and founding editor of Mamas & Papas, a recently launched parenting magazine in South Africa. From her early entrepreneurial experiences, Motlekar developed a personal and professional interest in parenting magazines. As a Black South African woman married to an Indian man in an increasingly multi-racial and multi-cultural society, Motlekar recognized a gap for a parenting magazine that would appeal to a wider and more racially and culturally inclusive target market. After extensive research and development, she launched the Mamas & Papas magazine in early 2009. The case charts Motlekar’s journey as an entrepreneur, as well as her efforts between 2006 and 2009 to bring the magazine to life. The case explores the quantitative and qualitative research approaches employed by Motlekar, as well as her marketing and branding initiatives towards building a Mamas & Papas brand beyond just the physical magazine. With the magazine having been on shelves for 12 months, Motlekar and her board faced a number of decisions. These included options to increase advertising revenues and circulation, as well as choosing how to extend the Mamas & Papas brand into related categories.

Taboos are a universal feature of social systems. Even the most avowedly open-minded organizations place tacit constraints on what can be said and even thought. Business leaders ignore these constraints at their peril. This article examines the role of the sacred, profane, and taboo in society, and links these phenomena to the psychology of moral outrage. In public debates, taboos are rarely as absolute as first assumed and can often be reframed as tragic choices. Leaders must performa delicate balancing act if they are to prevent taboos from blinding managers to either threats or opportunities. On the one hand, leaders who let their intellectual curiosity get the better of them risk paying a steep career price. On the other, leaders who bury their heads in the sand risk even worse consequences. Navigating this dilemma brings into sharp tension the policy prescriptions of advocates of authentic leadership (who see honesty as a trump virtue) and proponents of Realpolitik (who see organizational hypocrisy and obfuscation as unfortunate but unavoidable tactics necessary in an imperfect world.)

As the role of the CIO continues to evolve, the determinants of CIO success remain elusive. Numerous articles and books have been written offering solutions to this problem. Is it placement in the organization's reporting structure, a combination of technical and managerial skills, or something more unique? This article identifies the most important role-specific CIO career success factors based on an examination of the careers of fourteen highly successful CIOs selected by a committee of globally respected peers.

Appirio, a Cloud Computing services and consulting business, is experiencing explosive growth buoyed by its successful strategic partnerships with Google and Salesforce.com. The company practices what it preaches -- choosing to keep all of its systems in the cloud. Appirio's senior leadership team is convinced that building its venture on the cloud offers extreme competitive advantages in terms of agility, ability to scale and employee empowerment to drive rapid innovation. Will Appirio ascend to rocket heights or are the skies darkening with challenges that will hurt a cloud pure-play such as Appirio? What lessons, if any, are there for other entrepreneurs hoping to turn their IT systems into an entrepreneurial growth engine?

GameStop has effectively utilized a business model based on retailing new and used electronic games. The case allows the instructor to illustrate the strategies that GameStop used to consolidate its game retail business in the United States. It also provides the instructor with the opportunity to explore the peculiar target market segments in the electronic gaming industry. Finally, the instructor can explore competition and future expansion into different markets with dissimilar environments. Management responses to the following questions regarding company growth are explored: 1) Can you continue your aggressive store growth? 2) What about digital downloading? 3) Will the used business continue to grow?

The head of Denmark's largest energy group pondered how to use their limited resources to advance the delivery of clean and reliable energy. The Danish State owned DONG Energy had started life as an importer and trader of gas and oil. Under the leadership of the current CEO, Anders Eldrup, the company had become an energy group, present in all steps of the gas and oil value chain and particular, in the EU market leader in offshore wind energy. As a developer and operator of wind farms, it was one of the world's leaders. In 2011, the company faced several strategic questions including whether and where they should continue investing in offshore wind and how to identify the next key growth businesses of the future.

A consortium of private equity firms (KKR and Silver Lake Partners) is in the process of acquiring the semi-conductor division of Agilent. To prepare for the signing of the acquisition agreement and the subsequent transfer of ownership, the deal team is revisiting their investment thesis with respect to upsides and risks. Please visit the dedicated case website http://cases.insead.edu/chips-on-the-side/ (copy and paste the url into a browser).

After the transformation of Lloyds Bank from an unfocused and underperforming group to a focused highly-performing bank under Brian Pitman (1983-1996), the incoming CEO takes on the challenge of redefining the bank's strategy and operations, facing difficult choices regarding the firm's scope and internationalization. Ultimately, Lloyds's board of directors end up facing significant corporate governance issues with long-term implications for the future of the company.

After the transformation of Lloyds Bank from an unfocused and underperforming group to a focused highly-performing bank under Brian Pitman (1983-1996), the incoming CEO takes on the challenge of redefining the bank's strategy and operations, facing difficult choices regarding the firm's scope and internationalization. Ultimately, Lloyds's board of directors end up facing significant corporate governance issues with long-term implications for the future of the company.

After the transformation of Lloyds Bank from an unfocused and underperforming group to a focused highly-performing bank under Brian Pitman (1983-1996), the incoming CEO takes on the challenge of redefining the bank's strategy and operations, facing difficult choices regarding the firm's scope and internationalization. Ultimately, Lloyds's board of directors end up facing significant corporate governance issues with long-term implications for the future of the company.

As a joint-stock insurance company in China, with both state-owned enterprises and foreign firms as investors, Taikang Insurance was becoming a force in the industry. It not only competed with well-entrenched state-owned rivals but it was also seen as an entrepreneurial upstart. With the insurance landscape in China growing increasingly competitive, Taikang has had to be innovative and strategic in its ability to maintain its place as the fourth largest insurer in China. Chairman Chen Dongsheng laid a strong foundation when he launched Taikang in 2006, what will he do going forward to enable Taikang to continue to stand out in a crowded field?

This case describes the restructuring initiatives undertaken at Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) in India and the challenges faced by the managing director. As a consequence of partial deregulation, GSRTC faced mounting losses due to the activities of stage carriage and contract carriage operators from the private sector. The financial health of the corporation was further compromised by the state of Gujarat’s taxation policies and restrictions. The corporation faced a situation where it had a fleet of dated, fuel-inefficient buses prone to breakdowns, coupled with dwindling resources like bus drivers. <br><br>To break out of the vicious cycle, the managing director initiated a series of steps aimed at revitalizing GSRTC. His initiatives to obtain an operating profit and net profit were interpreted unsympathetically by the trade unions. They took a belligerent stand for wage revision and threatened service disruption. The disruption of an essential service guaranteed by the state eventually led to intervention by the state’s chief minister, in favour of wage revision. The additional wage burden frustrated projections for a possible turnaround. Given the further constraints and stretched resources, how would the managing director re-initiate change and restructure the organization?

The HR 500 Plus Scanner case examines how, in 2000, the Eastman Kodak Company confronts a drastic change in technology (from traditional to digital photography) that is eroding revenue and margins by double digits in its core film, paper, and chemical business. Matt Giorgio, the worldwide product manager for film scanners, is being pushed by upper management to extend the life of film to provide cash for the painful and less profitable transition to digital photography. With limited overall research and development (R&D) and a dictate from the CEO for flawless execution of projects, Giorgio and his team take an aggressive approach to develop, in less than a year, a scanner that can both stave off film market erosion and minimize the program’s impact on corporate R&D. Missing the team’s goal of nine months could cost him his job and leave the company vulnerable to even greater erosion of film, paper, and chemical sales.

This case describes the restructuring initiatives undertaken at Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) and the impediments faced by the managing director. As a consequence of partial sectorial deregulation, GSRTC faced mounting losses due to the activities of stage carriage as well as contract carriage operators from the private sector. The financial health of the corporation was further compromised by the state's taxation policies and restrictions on acquisition of manpower and capital items. The corporation faced a situation where it had a fleet of over-aged, fuel inefficient buses prone to breakdowns, coupled with depleting relevant resources, such as bus drivers. To break out of the vicious downward cycle, the managing director initiated a series of steps aimed at revitalizing the corporation. His initiatives to obtain an operating profit and, then, a net profit were interpreted differently by the trade unions. They took a belligerent stand for wage revision and threatened service disruption. The disruption of an essential service guaranteed by the state eventually led to intervention by the state's chief minister in favour of wage revision. The additional wage burden made the projections for a possible turnaround go awry. Given the added constraints and a stretched resource position, how would the managing director re-initiate change and restructure the organization?

A sports broadcasting firm, which is facing uncertain contract renewals by its current clients from several geographic territories, has to figure out the likelihood of making money if it goes ahead and purchases the global broadcasting rights of the Portuguese Soccer League ("Liga Zon Sagres") for the upcoming 2011/12 season.