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Collaborative Intelligence: Using Teams to Solve Hard Problems, is an eleven-chapter book written by J. Richard Hackman, the Edgar Pierce Professor of Social and Organizational Psychology at Harvard University, and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers in May of 2011. Although based on the latest scholarly research, the book is written for both the experienced and novice team leader, and can be used as well in academic courses that examine groups and teams. The work comprises three sections. The first, "The Challenge and Potential of Teams," explains the general structural components of a team and the benefits and pitfalls of each. The second part, "Six Enabling Conditions," elaborates in detail on six environmental conditions that can help to produce successful team collaboration. The third part, "Implications for Team Leaders and Organizations," discusses specific methods leaders have adopted, or avoided, to foster collaboration and improve the quality of their teams' work, including what the author calls the 60-30-10 rule. In the eleventh and final chapter, the author explores a series of assertions pertaining to team management made by professionals within the intelligence community. The author examines each assertion, determining the obstacle as well as the opportunity for constructive change that each presents.

Fiat ended its 27-year absence in the North American automobile market when the first Cinquecento (500)-a very small, iconic Italian car that had strong sales in Europe-was delivered on March 10, 2011. The Italian automaker re-entered the market through an alliance with Chrysler, the American automaker Fiat acquired in April 2009. For Laura Soave, Chrysler Group's head of Fiat Brand North America, the first delivery marked a watershed in a journey that began 12 months before when she first took responsibility for re-launching the Fiat brand in North America. As the first product of the Fiat-Chrysler alliance, the outcome of the Cinquecento launch would indicate how the integration of operations, and in particular the sharing of technology, platforms, components, manufacturing plants, and distribution networks would drive the long-term health of both Fiat and Chrysler. This case looks at the various strategic and operational challenges Soave faced throughout the process.

After working together on a university business plan, two entrepreneurs worked for three years to develop their venture: Shutout Solutions Inc. Their start-up venture was established in response to an issue familiar to most hockey players: notoriously smelly equipment. While their familiarity with hockey equipment helped them identify a specific problem, subsequent research revealed a much broader issue: the need to clean products made of micro-fibre. Utilizing a technology that addressed the micro-fibre odour issue, they believed they had a five-year opportunity window to develop and profit from the business before it was imitated or superseded. As they considered their options, they realized that they might have to choose to focus their resources on a single product line rather than continue to develop their current portfolio of a detergent, body wash, and spray. They also questioned whether they were using the right channel - gyms and sporting goods stores - to reach customers. The opportunity to pursue bulk institutional sales was also intriguing, though it would require a different sales, pricing, and distribution strategy. Also, they considered how they might respond to an offer to sell the company in its current form.

This case describes how significant debt was built up in Pakistan among the private- and public-sector energy and power-generation companies, which were some of the country’s largest organizations. An unexpected slowdown in recovery of payments created debt that affected corporate business operations and the Pakistani economy as a whole. The case discusses the energy and power sectors, along with the reasons for the circular debt. The Pakistani government was heavily involved in regulating the energy and power sectors; to respond to high oil prices, a subsidy was provided in 2008 to keep the price of diesel low. The government, however, had not created an effective plan to recover these funds, and when large public-sector enterprises such as Pakistan International Airlines did not pay their bills, no action was taken. The focus of this case is on resolving the very large amounts of debt that had accumulated in various energy companies. A secondary analysis can explore the impact of regulation on the operations of oil companies.

The managing director of Apollo Health Street (AHS), a healthcare business process outsourcing (BPO) company headquartered in Pennsylvania, United States, was pondering two dilemmas: securing short term growth for his company, and finding new ways to compete in a changing industry. AHS was itself a subsidiary of Apollo Health Enterprises Ltd. (AHEL), an integrated healthcare company located in Hyderabad in southern India. AHS had been growing at 80 per cent compound annual growth rate (CAGR) since 2005, aiming to reach $100 million in sales by March 2010. Its target was to increase annual sales to $500 million within three years in a highly competitive space, which if successful would move AHS into the top three BPO companies in the healthcare sector. How should it secure short term growth? The second dilemma was how to plan for the future. Industry analysts had predicted that over the next five to 10 years, healthcare BPO would become unrecognizable from its current form. The managing director believed that although scaling up would strengthen the company's position for the short term, the company should also be looking for solutions to stay relevant to the customer. How should AHS influence the shape of healthcare BPO in the future? What new ways of competing could the company pursue?

How do effective managers get employees to act promptly? New research suggests that it's by making their requests at least twice. Though you may think redundancy is unnecessary and even a waste of time, a new study indicates that it helps your message cut through today's information overload.

Choosing which innovative ideas to pursue is often an exercise in guesswork. But by using existing management tools in a new way, you can effectively gauge your innovation's potential along two crucial dimensions: Can it withstand market pressures from competitors? And can it deliver more economic value to customers than alternatives?

Rogers was a freshly minted CEO trying to lead Public Service Indiana back from the brink of bankruptcy when the results of a 10-year federal study on acid rain were released. He became convinced that legislation to curb sulfur dioxide emissions was inevitable-and that his industry should have a seat at the negotiating table. Though his peers were opposed to any government action, cap and trade looked to him like a smart and creative compromise that would enable utilities to modernize their plants and meet aggressive emissions targets without sending electricity prices skyrocketing. In 1990 Rogers testified before Congress in support of cap and trade, which was established by the Clean Air Act Amendments that year. A relatively high number of allowances gave PSI time to make a deliberate and sustainable transition to cleaner generation. Within three years the company's market capitalization had increased by more than 65%, while its price to customers had dropped. By 1995 its sulfur dioxide emissions were down by 30%. PSI acquired a national reputation; it merged with Cincinnati Gas & Electric to create Cinergy, which in 2006 merged with Duke Energy. Together with 21 other companies and five leading environmental organizations, Duke created the U.S. Climate Action Partnership to lobby for strong federal legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

In an era of increasing discontinuity, wise leadership has nearly vanished. Many leaders find it difficult to reinvent their corporations rapidly enough to cope with new technologies, demographic shifts, and consumption trends. They can't develop truly global organizations that operate effortlessly across borders. And they find it tough to ensure that their people adhere to values and ethics. The world needs leaders who pursue the common good by striving to create social as well as economic value and who pair micromanagement with big-picture aspirations about the future. The authors, who have studied, taught, and interviewed executives in some of the world's leading companies, assert that such leaders must acquire practical wisdom, or what Aristotle called phronesis: experiential knowledge that enables people to make ethically sound judgments. Wise leaders demonstrate six abilities. They make decisions on the basis of what is good for the organization and for society. They quickly grasp the essence of a situation and fathom the nature and meaning of people, things, and events. They provide contexts in which executives and employees can interact to create new meaning. Phronetic leaders use metaphors and stories to convert their experience into tacit knowledge that others can use. They exert political power to bring people together and spur them to act. And wise leaders use apprenticeship and mentoring to cultivate practical wisdom in others.

Allen, the author of the best seller Getting Things Done, and Schwartz, the author of the best seller Be Excellent at Anything and the CEO of The Energy Project, are two of the world's foremost authorities on increasing personal efficiency. Yet although they agree on much, their ideas on how to maximize the output of knowledge workers are fundamentally different. In this edited conversation with HBR, they discuss their own approaches and what they've learned from each other's work, along with subjects ranging from the distractive pull of e-mail to the benefits of napping in the middle of the workday. Allen has developed a system of time management that encourages workers to regularly make to-do lists-and helps them blast through the items on them. Breaking down big tasks into smaller "next actions" can help people stay focused and productive, he argues, and multitasking is to be avoided at all costs: We have only so many resources and can do only one thing well at a time. Schwartz focuses on workers' attitudes and how organizations can help them achieve a mental state that keeps their energy high. People should work for 90 minutes and then take a break to recover, he says. They should tackle their most important task first thing in the morning. And managers should consider themselves "chief energy officers," inspiring and regularly recharging the people they lead-while remembering to meet their own needs as well.

The managers most responsible for a company's success or failure happen to be the ones with whom the CEO spends the least amount of time: frontline managers, such as shop-floor supervisors, heads of R&D or sales teams, and managers in restaurant chains or call centers. That's a mistake, says Hassan, the CEO who led dramatic turnarounds at Schering-Plough and Pharmacia and who is now a senior adviser at Warburg Pincus. In this article, Hassan makes the case that systematic interactions with individual and small groups of frontline managers are important to executing a company's strategy and represent an all-important feedback loop that allows the CEO to stay abreast of the latest developments in the business. He provides guidelines for how CEOs and other senior managers should structure interactions with this vital, and often overlooked, cadre of managers.

A veteran top executive at two giant mutual fund companies, the author has also been an attorney, a government official, a law school professor, and a business school professor-sometimes simultaneously. Over the years, he has devised a number of principles and practices to maximize his personal productivity without sacrificing his health or family life. In this article he presents six of them. Know your comparative advantage. Focus not on what you do best but on what your organization most needs from you-and don't spend too much time on operational details. It's not the time you spend but the results you produce. Most executives put a huge amount of time into their jobs, assuming that more hours equal more value added. That's too simplistic. Think first, read or write second. Figure out your argument in advance; then jot down your four or five key points and write the concluding paragraph. Prepare your plan, but be ready to change it. Arrive early for a speaking engagement in order to grasp the mood of your audience and tailor your speech accordingly. Let others own their space. Instead of assigning detailed tasks, present general priorities and let your reports decide how to implement them.

In 1999, Mei Zhang quit her lucrative consulting job to launch WildChina, a small travel company in her native China. Nearly four years later, the SARS outbreak hit Asia, battering a travel industry still recovering from the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Faced with this crisis, Zhang opted for drastic measures: WildChina ceased operations, she and the COO suspended their incomes, and all other employees went on vacation at 25% pay. These were prudent moves, but Zhang was still unprepared for the challenges of restarting her company once business picked up again. Employees she had trusted were not committed to the company, and WildChina needed to rebuild its client base. But Zhang revived the company, which is now a leader in its field. Looking back, Zhang sees that her first big move turned her into an entrepreneur, but it was the SARS experience, and the lessons she learned from it, that taught her how to be a CEO.

Tom Green, an aggressive young sales executive at self-service kiosk company D7 Displays, has been promoted to senior marketing specialist by Shannon McDonald, his division VP. Shannon had warned Tom that she was taking a chance with him and that he'd have to learn fast and work well with his new boss, Frank Davis, who wouldn't have chosen Tom for the position. On the job, Tom finds himself at odds with Frank and challenges him openly at a well-attended meeting. Frank begins to formally document deficiencies in Tom's performance, and McDonald falls in line with Frank. With his back against the wall, Tom must carefully consider his next move. Harvard Business School professor W. Earl Sasser presents the fictional case. Jeffrey Pfeffer, of Stanford University, and Paul Falcone, of Time Warner Cable, offer their expert commentary.

Mikhail Baryshnikov on reinvention, effective mentorship, and teamwork.

Tom Green, an aggressive young sales executive at self-service kiosk company D7 Displays, has been promoted to senior marketing specialist by Shannon McDonald, his division VP. Shannon had warned Tom that she was taking a chance with him and that he'd have to learn fast and work well with his new boss, Frank Davis, who wouldn't have chosen Tom for the position. On the job, Tom finds himself at odds with Frank and challenges him openly at a well-attended meeting. Frank begins to formally document deficiencies in Tom's performance, and McDonald falls in line with Frank. With his back against the wall, Tom must carefully consider his next move. Harvard Business School professor W. Earl Sasser presents the fictional case. Jeffrey Pfeffer, of Stanford University, and Paul Falcone, of Time Warner Cable, offer their expert commentary.

Tom Green, an aggressive young sales executive at self-service kiosk company D7 Displays, has been promoted to senior marketing specialist by Shannon McDonald, his division VP. Shannon had warned Tom that she was taking a chance with him and that he'd have to learn fast and work well with his new boss, Frank Davis, who wouldn't have chosen Tom for the position. On the job, Tom finds himself at odds with Frank and challenges him openly at a well-attended meeting. Frank begins to formally document deficiencies in Tom's performance, and McDonald falls in line with Frank. With his back against the wall, Tom must carefully consider his next move. Harvard Business School professor W. Earl Sasser presents the fictional case. Jeffrey Pfeffer, of Stanford University, and Paul Falcone, of Time Warner Cable, offer their expert commentary.

Ruth Ann Norton, executive director of the National Coalition to End Childhood Lead Poisoning (CECLP), founded the Green & Healthy Homes Initiative (GHHI) in order to leverage newly available federal funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) for weatherizing low-income housing. Unfortunately, by June 2011, the ARRA funding was winding down, and Norton was looking for other, sustainable sources of financing to keep the GHHI program alive.

Jane Leader, president of Simsbury General Hospital, was reviewing the recommendations put together by her senior management team to resolve the growing problems her hospital was facing. The recommendations, totaling some $10 million, could put the hospital back on a sound financial footing. But Jane was unsure which of the recommendations made sense and should be implemented. She was particularly interested in understanding the financial, operational and political impact of each one. She was due to meet with the senior management team that afternoon to develop an action plan.

Fortis Inc., a company with interests in various North American electric utilities, is proposing to build the Chalillo dam on the Macal River in Belize, Central America. The dam would contribute to the economic development of the country by meeting the increasing demand from industry and consumers for electricity. The company believes that the dam is the most feasible, reliable and cheapest supply of electricity. Environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) oppose the project because of the destruction of wild animal and plant life and the adverse downstream impact, and allege that there are more viable and more cost effective sources. The case reviews the company's presence in Belize, the environmental impact studies and the activities of the ENGOs during 2001. At the beginning of 2002, management is faced with a decision of whether or not to go ahead with the project.