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Julie Owono is a member of the Oversight Board, an outside entity with the authority to make binding decisions on tricky moderation questions for Meta's companies. She considers the Board's impact, and its future.

Greenkraft Private Limited (Greenkraft) supplied artisanal products to global clients and was an India-based not-for-profit organization. The company worked to address the socio-economic needs of artisan women. For 800 women workers, the Greenkraft production unit symbolized independence and pride, motivating them to work and deliver quality output. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Greenkraft was compelled to adopt home production to supplement production unit operations to fulfil its supply obligations. With the rapid spread of the COVID-19 Omicron variant in January 2022, Greenkraft’s management had to choose a production and fulfilment strategy in the new normal. They considered adapting production unit operations with the COVID-19-related protocols, changing to complete home-based production, or adopting a hybrid model with part production unit and part home production. The change in the production strategy impacted Greenkraft's business viability and producers’ livelihood, needing careful thought and implementation.

AstraEye Pharma Pvt Ltd.: An Unsettling Dilemma (APP) was an ophthalmology pharmaceutical company that drew 80 per cent of its revenue from the artificial-tears segment. Elena Sanders was responsible for drafting a turnaround strategy for increasing market share by building prescription momentum, improving operational efficiency, and devising a renovated digital strategy. Based on the available options, Sanders had to decide between improving operational efficiencies for an existing brand—Rejuvenate at a 0.5 per cent carboxymethyl cellulose concentration—or launching a new product—Fresh Plus at a 0.3 per cent hyaluronic acid concentration—to cater to a greater number of patients. She was also tasked with sharing an important element of digital strategy: launching APP’s health-care-providers-and-practitioners engagement website or launching a microsite on a third-party online community platform for doctors (i.e., the Health Support Network for Professionals). The decision was urgent, as Sanders had to present her position during the annual strategy meeting scheduled for March 2022.

Greenkraft Private Limited (Greenkraft) supplied artisanal products to global clients and was an India-based not-for-profit organization. The company worked to address the socio-economic needs of artisan women. For 800 women workers, the Greenkraft production unit symbolized independence and pride, motivating them to work and deliver quality output. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Greenkraft was compelled to adopt home production to supplement production unit operations to fulfil its supply obligations. With the rapid spread of the COVID-19 Omicron variant in January 2022, Greenkraft's management had to choose a production and fulfilment strategy in the new normal. They considered adapting production unit operations with the COVID-19-related protocols, changing to complete home-based production, or adopting a hybrid model with part production unit and part home production. The change in the production strategy impacted Greenkraft's business viability and producers' livelihood, needing careful thought and implementation.

AstraEye Pharma Pvt Ltd.: An Unsettling Dilemma (APP) was an ophthalmology pharmaceutical company that drew 80 per cent of its revenue from the artificial-tears segment. Elena Sanders was responsible for drafting a turnaround strategy for increasing market share by building prescription momentum, improving operational efficiency, and devising a renovated digital strategy. Based on the available options, Sanders had to decide between improving operational efficiencies for an existing brand-Rejuvenate at a 0.5 per cent carboxymethyl cellulose concentration-or launching a new product-Fresh Plus at a 0.3 per cent hyaluronic acid concentration-to cater to a greater number of patients. She was also tasked with sharing an important element of digital strategy: launching APP's health-care-providers-and-practitioners engagement website or launching a microsite on a third-party online community platform for doctors (i.e., the Health Support Network for Professionals). The decision was urgent, as Sanders had to present her position during the annual strategy meeting scheduled for March 2022.

The authors' earlier research found that an employee's psychological safety and relationship with their manager are key drivers for them to feel able to bring up ethical concerns. The authors investigated further and tested managerial interventions that were found to increase that sense of safety and speaking-up behaviors.

Wednesday November 16, 2022 was a historic day in the ascent of Jimmy Donaldson, better known as MrBeast, to the top echelon of YouTube creators. That day he became the YouTuber with the most subscribers ever-a total of 112 million. The meteoric rise of the 24-year-old Donaldson, long "obsessed with figuring out how to make videos go viral," as he put it, had not only made him one of the entertainment world's most popular creators, but also enabled him to launch a variety of other businesses. Donaldson's businesses now generated more than $100 million a year. He had also emerged as a formidable force in philanthropy. How big could MrBeast's presence on YouTube become? Did he have the right strategy for further growth on YouTube-while sustaining the ever-increasing levels of spending-and with his other businesses? And would MrBeast's unique approach to philanthropy stand the test of time?

Universal Pictures’ animated movie Abominable was scheduled for release in Malaysia on November 7, 2019. However, Malaysia’s Film Censorship Board ordered the studio to cut the scenes showing a map with the controversial “nine-dash line.” Without those cuts, the Malaysian government would not allow the movie’s release in Malaysia. The nine-dash line was a geopolitically sensitive issue in the South China Sea region, pitting China against neighbouring countries. China claimed historic rights over the territories bound by the nine dashes it had drawn on a map in the South China Sea. In contrast, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Brunei also claimed the part of the sea adjacent to their coastline. The US government also challenged the Chinese claims under the nine-dash line.<br><br>Universal Pictures was in a fix: Not deleting the map scene would mean that Malaysia and other countries in the South China Sea could ban the movie. However, deleting the scene could provoke the Chinese government, which in the past had reacted strongly against studios and actors who had disregarded Chinese restrictions. China was a significant market that no Hollywood studio could afford to lose. But should Universal Pictures focus only on its commercial interests at the cost of taking a morally sound position?

Until 2022, Peloton Interactive, Inc. had been focussed on keeping up with unprecedented demand. However, by early 2022, the company’s fortunes had turned. Despite layoffs, cuts to capital spending, and price reductions, more dramatic changes were required. The company appointed a new chief executive officer in February 2022, who wrote a letter to shareholders three months later outlining the steps taken to stabilize cash flow, get the right people in the right roles, and return the company to profitability.

Spreadsheet to accompany product W32687.

In June 2021, 23andMe completed their IPO with the VG Acquisition Corp, a special-purpose acquisition company. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was more interest in genomics, as its value at scale had been demonstrated through many of the public health vaccine sequencing initiatives. Given these favorable market conditions and access to capital, was this the right time for 23andMe to shift their business model away from a consumer genetic testing company to a personalized health care company that collects genetic data to develop drugs and provide care? Did the company have the resources in place to achieve this vision? Could they do it alone or did they need to deepen their relationships with pharmaceutical companies, some of whom they were already in partnership with? In the age of growing consumer data privacy concerns, should Anne Wojcicki, 23andMe’s chief executive officer and co-founder be wary of this approach of collecting genetic data?

The OKR framework is a popular goal-setting and strategy execution tool that uses goal setting through "Objectives" and measuring performance using "Key Results" on a periodic basis to measure and drive performance. The OKR framework has been adopted and practiced at companies such as Intel, Google, LinkedIn, Twitter, Netflix among hundreds of others ranging from start-ups to large businesses. Users have found it to be a powerful performance management and goal setting tool as it focuses on near-term measurable goals without losing the aspirational aspect of an organization's unique mission or purpose. This primer aims to explain fundamental OKR concepts, summarize implementation best practices, discuss OKR mistakes to avoid, and compare OKR with other common management goal setting tools.

Universal Pictures' animated movie Abominable was scheduled for release in Malaysia on November 7, 2019. However, Malaysia's Film Censorship Board ordered the studio to cut the scenes showing a map with the controversial "nine-dash line." Without those cuts, the Malaysian government would not allow the movie's release in Malaysia. The nine-dash line was a geopolitically sensitive issue in the South China Sea region, pitting China against neighbouring countries. China claimed historic rights over the territories bound by the nine dashes it had drawn on a map in the South China Sea. In contrast, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Brunei also claimed the part of the sea adjacent to their coastline. The US government also challenged the Chinese claims under the nine-dash line.<br><br>Universal Pictures was in a fix: Not deleting the map scene would mean that Malaysia and other countries in the South China Sea could ban the movie. However, deleting the scene could provoke the Chinese government, which in the past had reacted strongly against studios and actors who had disregarded Chinese restrictions. China was a significant market that no Hollywood studio could afford to lose. But should Universal Pictures focus only on its commercial interests at the cost of taking a morally sound position?

In June 2021, 23andMe completed their IPO with the VG Acquisition Corp, a special-purpose acquisition company. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was more interest in genomics, as its value at scale had been demonstrated through many of the public health vaccine sequencing initiatives. Given these favorable market conditions and access to capital, was this the right time for 23andMe to shift their business model away from a consumer genetic testing company to a personalized health care company that collects genetic data to develop drugs and provide care? Did the company have the resources in place to achieve this vision? Could they do it alone or did they need to deepen their relationships with pharmaceutical companies, some of whom they were already in partnership with? In the age of growing consumer data privacy concerns, should Anne Wojcicki, 23andMe's chief executive officer and co-founder be wary of this approach of collecting genetic data?

In the Fall of 2014, Heather Berthelette, the recently appointed COO of Tribal Councils Investment Group of Manitoba Ltd. (TCIG), was preparing a recommendation to the Board of Directors about whether to dissolve the company and return any remaining funds to the seven Tribal Councils that were the firm's shareholders or rebuild the organization. The firm was founded in 1989 with an investment of $175,000, $25,000 from each of the seven Tribal Councils, that collectively represented 55 Indigenous Nation communities and over 100,000 citizens. TCIG was dedicated to the economic and social development of member First Nation communities by placing strategic investments in the mainstream economy for the long term. The firm aspired to provide a reasonable return, generate a solid foundation of wealth and employment opportunities, and create a capital pool for sustainable economic development. The firm grew to over $100-million in revenue and then everything collapsed and the firm was placed under the control of a manager receiver. The case considers the rise and fall of TCIG, corporate governance practices in the context of a consortium, the role of the board in managing risk, and the feasibility that one firm can pursue both community social development and community economic development.

Ehmke Manufacturing Company, Inc., a technical fabric products company established in 1929 in Philadelphia, United States, was facing challenges attracting and retaining employees. In the first half of 2022, issues such as critical open positions and an exponential number of resignations were being experienced across numerous industries around the globe. On June 1, 2022, the company’s chief executive officer met with his entire management team to discuss his company’s dilemma and various options, including the reputation of the company’s brand. He had to decide how to manage the increasing workforce challenge, despite unprecedentedly high demand for his company’s products and services. His company’s growth projections, from a relatively small company to a medium-size international business, did not account for customer disappointments due to product order delays, especially considering that the company manufactured products used for critical search-and-rescue, military, and other governmental applications in the United States and allied countries. The chief executive officer had three options: accept current conditions, increase wages and benefits, or outsource production.

Spreadsheet to accompany product #W31040.

In early 2020, Scarcity Labs Inc. (Scarcity Labs) was created as a spinoff from ViewFin Canada Corporation, a financial technology company providing a wide range of blockchain and cryptocurrency services. Scarcity Labs’ chief executive officer (CEO) and chief product officer (CPO) sat in the company’s Toronto office discussing potential opportunities for blockchain applications. In particular, they pondered the possibility of developing a non-fungible token (NFT) platform for artist, where works of art could be turned into NFTs, which people could then buy and sell. The CEO and CPO wondered what Scarcity Labs needed to do to successfully launch such a platform.

In 2021, Apple Inc. (Apple), the global manufacturer and seller of consumer electronics, computer software, and online services based in California, was considering entering the domestic market in India. With Tim Cook as leader, the company sold some of the world’s most popular products, including iPad, iPhone, iPod, MacBook, iTunes, Apple Watch, Apple Smart TV, and Apple Music. The company sold its products both through online and physical retail stores across the world, as well as distributing its products through third-party wholesalers and resellers. In India, Apple operated only through third-party partners and authorized resellers, which meant that it was not taking advantage of the government’s foreign direct investment opportunities by operating directly within the Indian retail market. The main challenge Apple faced was the price sensitive Indian consumer, which contrasted with the company’s premium pricing strategy. Cook was eager to enter the lucrative and fast-growing Indian consumer technology segment. However, the company would have to make a decision, especially with strong competitors such as Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. (Samsung) already dominating the Indian market. Should Apple retain its premium status and pricing strategy or lower its prices to appeal to more price sensitive Indian consumers?