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Radius Synergies International Pvt. Ltd. (RSIPL), which came into existence in 2010, was a pioneer in implementing prepaid smart metering solutions in Delhi, National Capital Region (NCR), India. RSIPL was created as an independent entity to focus on harnessing contemporary technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, cloud computing, and mobility and leveraging them for the energy market that its parent, Radius Group (Radius), had been serving through conventional products and solutions for more than two decades. Though the company faced many challenges with respect to the use and acceptance of the new technology, it had still been successful in implementing the solutions and had been able to achieve consistent growth in its annual revenues. On March 21, 2022, Mr. H. S. Singh, RSIPL’s managing director, had a meeting with his executive management team to discuss the strategy for expanding RSIPL’s smart metering solutions and leveraging the IoT platform developed for additional potential business opportunities. Should the company try to obtain external funding? Should it focus on increasing market reach for existing products and solutions or venture into new products or services that could be spin-offs of the IoT platform and expertise developed so far?

In 2021, Apple Inc. (Apple), the global manufacturer and seller of consumer electronics, computer software, and online services based in California, was considering entering the domestic market in India. With Tim Cook as leader, the company sold some of the world's most popular products, including iPad, iPhone, iPod, MacBook, iTunes, Apple Watch, Apple Smart TV, and Apple Music. The company sold its products both through online and physical retail stores across the world, as well as distributing its products through third-party wholesalers and resellers. In India, Apple operated only through third-party partners and authorized resellers, which meant that it was not taking advantage of the government's foreign direct investment opportunities by operating directly within the Indian retail market. The main challenge Apple faced was the price sensitive Indian consumer, which contrasted with the company's premium pricing strategy. Cook was eager to enter the lucrative and fast-growing Indian consumer technology segment. However, the company would have to make a decision, especially with strong competitors such as Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. (Samsung) already dominating the Indian market. Should Apple retain its premium status and pricing strategy or lower its prices to appeal to more price sensitive Indian consumers?

Ehmke Manufacturing Company, Inc., a technical fabric products company established in 1929 in Philadelphia, United States, was facing challenges attracting and retaining employees. In the first half of 2022, issues such as critical open positions and an exponential number of resignations were being experienced across numerous industries around the globe. On June 1, 2022, the company's chief executive officer met with his entire management team to discuss his company's dilemma and various options, including the reputation of the company's brand. He had to decide how to manage the increasing workforce challenge, despite unprecedentedly high demand for his company's products and services. His company's growth projections, from a relatively small company to a medium-size international business, did not account for customer disappointments due to product order delays, especially considering that the company manufactured products used for critical search-and-rescue, military, and other governmental applications in the United States and allied countries. The chief executive officer had three options: accept current conditions, increase wages and benefits, or outsource production.

Spreadsheet Supplement for Case W31040

Many companies recognize the importance of increasing diversity and inclusion within decision-making teams, but providing opportunities for diverse employee populations to participate involves more than just offering them a seat at the table. Employees must also have the ability to truly impact team and organizational decisions, also known as shared impact. The authors suggest actions leaders can take to ensure that company decisions integrate and apply input from diverse groups.

New Zealand-based One Ring is an early entrant in the digital "after death" or "immortality technology" market. Using animation tools and AI technology, One Ring captures the digital footprint of deceased individuals (from social media posts, emails, videos) and uses the data to create chatbots that mimick their communication patterns. In this way, friends and family "never have to say goodbye" - they can continue having conversations with loved ones beyond the grave. The case illustrates how senior executives find it challenging to embrace creative ideas from new hires or employees lower down the chain of command. Ironically, these are precisely the employees most likely to have new ways of seeing and solving problems (even if they have difficulty exerting an influence). The case consists of two versions. The Penny version gives the students a sense of the challenges that executives have when they need to make choices on creative ideas under realistic pressures: deadlines, budgets, and audience expectations. The Andy version highlights the precarious position of employees in the lower/middle levels of the organization who seek to champion ideas and convince those at the top. Instructors can choose between the executive (Penny) version, or the new/junior employee (Andy) version. The teaching note includes crucial information on what the case reveals in the classroom.

Case Supplement for Case IN1904

Radius Synergies International Pvt. Ltd. (RSIPL), which came into existence in 2010, was a pioneer in implementing prepaid smart metering solutions in Delhi, National Capital Region (NCR), India. RSIPL was created as an independent entity to focus on harnessing contemporary technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, cloud computing, and mobility and leveraging them for the energy market that its parent, Radius Group (Radius), had been serving through conventional products and solutions for more than two decades. Though the company faced many challenges with respect to the use and acceptance of the new technology, it had still been successful in implementing the solutions and had been able to achieve consistent growth in its annual revenues. On March 21, 2022, Mr. H. S. Singh, RSIPL's managing director, had a meeting with his executive management team to discuss the strategy for expanding RSIPL's smart metering solutions and leveraging the IoT platform developed for additional potential business opportunities. Should the company try to obtain external funding? Should it focus on increasing market reach for existing products and solutions or venture into new products or services that could be spin-offs of the IoT platform and expertise developed so far?

The mission of Edmonton Opera Association (Edmonton Opera), a not-for-profit arts organization founded in 1963, was to bring the community together through meaningful artistic experiences. In 2017, when Edmonton Opera developed a strategic plan, it incorporated this mission into the plan and used it as the basis for a new direction for the next five years. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 changed the way Edmonton Opera carried out its mandate, and as a result, it had to suspend the implementation of the 2017–2022 strategic plan. But with a return to pre-pandemic operations in late 2021, Edmonton Opera’s management and board members were eager to restore the original five-year strategic plan, and the board was eager to assess the strategic initiatives and effectiveness of Edmonton Opera's mission. The plan had, at its core, the four dimensions of the balanced scorecard system—finances, customers, learning and growth, and internal business processes—but management would have to devise their own balanced scorecard measures.

The mission of Edmonton Opera Association (Edmonton Opera), a not-for-profit arts organization founded in 1963, was to bring the community together through meaningful artistic experiences. In 2017, when Edmonton Opera developed a strategic plan, it incorporated this mission into the plan and used it as the basis for a new direction for the next five years. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 changed the way Edmonton Opera carried out its mandate, and as a result, it had to suspend the implementation of the 2017-2022 strategic plan. But with a return to pre-pandemic operations in late 2021, Edmonton Opera's management and board members were eager to restore the original five-year strategic plan, and the board was eager to assess the strategic initiatives and effectiveness of Edmonton Opera's mission. The plan had, at its core, the four dimensions of the balanced scorecard system-finances, customers, learning and growth, and internal business processes-but management would have to devise their own balanced scorecard measures.

Lil Mixins was a Philadelphia-based infant health company founded in 2017 with a dual commitment to purpose and profit. Motivated by her experiences as a mother of a son who had several food allergies, the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) developed and launched a product line of powders that could be mixed in infants’ diets to immunize them against food allergens. She kept the price low to make it easily endorsable by pediatricians and insurance payers and more available to lower-income households. After three years of operations, however, the adoption rate was slower than projected. The CEO considered introducing a new higher-priced product that could keep the business going, but it excluded the broader market she had hoped to serve. How could she preserve her company’s accessibility and social goals while ensuring Lil Mixins’ viability?

Globally, over the past fifty years, more companies have used layoffs to cut costs during periods of decreased demand or economic downturns. But layoffs have far-reaching consequences, generate hidden costs, and harm the company in myriad ways. This note reviews ways to approach and manage workforce change in two ways: 1) It examines the hidden costs and consequences of layoffs on employees (those who leave and those who remain), the company's financial performance, the community, and industry. 2) It offers suggestions for managing workforce change, including strategies for conducting layoffs to mitigate the negative effects for all parties.

In May 2022, Getwell Pharma India Private Limited was an independent neighbourhood pharmacy in Amritsar, India. Pharmacy retail in the country was largely dominated by traditional independent stores, until the emergence of pharmacy chains and e-pharmacies with scale advantage, extensive financial resources, large numbers of stock-keeping units, store brands, and new technology. These changes were making traditional pharmacies less attractive to customers, who were increasingly asking for heavy discounts to match those of the new competitors. However, the discounts were not manageable for independents that were positioned at the end of a long and fragmented supply chain and stuck with limited margins. As a result, Getwell Pharma India Private Limited was losing its customer base, despite offering quality products and services. With revenues and profits falling, should the company consider allowing a major competitor to absorb the business?

This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Rwanda. It highlights Rwanda's economic transformation in the decades leading up to 2023 in the context of its history, culture, and politics. The case gives an overview of some of the main obstacles faced by businesses operating in the country, high transportation costs, some of the most expensive electricity tariffs in sub-Saharan Africa and high levels of government bureaucracy, contrasting these with the efforts undertaken by the government to improve the country's business climate. This is illustrated through the discussion of a business dilemma in which e-mobility startup Ampersand has to assess the extent to which Rwanda's high openness could mean a high threat of competition or plenty of opportunities for growth partnerships.

The glass cliff phenomenon occurs when White women and men and women of color are sought out for leadership positions during a crisis a time of increased risk for failure. The author explains why occupational minorities are more frequently offered glass cliff assignments and offers advice to help people decide whether to take on one of these challenging but also potentially career-boosting and exciting assignments.

This disguised case set in April 2016, based on true events, describes an existential crisis faced by an English law firm operating in Italy. English law firms entered Italy in the 1990s through alliances with reputed Italian firms. The intention was to gain access to the lucrative Italian legal market. When they started operations, these firms aimed to achieve a leading position in the Italian market (top three strategy). Hence, their Italian operations were afforded a high degree of autonomy and preserved their distinctive Italian identity. But later, in the 2000s, English law firms started adopting a one-firm strategy to integrate their Italian operations into the global network. This created a great deal of tension and complexity, as Italian professional logic differed radically from the English logic. Subsequently, alliances and mergers between the English and Italian firms unravelled quickly, resulting in an existential crisis for the English law firms in Italy after over a decade of operations. The case presents such a situation through the eyes of partner John Smith, of the firm Smith and Jones, who must determine how to avert such a crisis while taking into account the Italian legal approach, and without diluting the global nature of his firm.