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BRAC is the world's largest NGO and has over the past 20 years experienced tremendous rates of growth. The case looks at diversity within the organization and the aspects of management that have made the organization so successful.

This case introduces a framework for cost modeling.Two data sets (one for injection-molded plastic parts and another for compressors) allow students to apply the cost-driver framework in conjunction with basic spreadsheet and regression analysis. Although obviously applicable in a course on supply chain management, the case can also be used to teach competitive cost analysis for strategic decision making.

Spreadsheet supplement for case UV0341.

By 2000, Natura was a leader in the Brazilian cosmetics and personal care industry. The company had participated in social projects developed in communities surrounding its plants and offices. However, when it launched the Ekos product line, Natura drove social responsibility to the core of its business. Ekos' distinctive feature was its rooting in Brazilian biodiversity. The new product line incorporated several substances that had been used only by traditional indigenous communities in the hinterlands. Instead of simply buying the raw materials from them, Natura built a partnership with these communities to share with them the economic benefits resulting from responsible resource exploration. These communities had the key expertise needed to develop Ekos products and lived in extremely primitive conditions at remote locations. Thus, Ekos' success would potentially affect their living conditions dramatically. The civil society organization Imaflora also participated in the alliance to ensure that this natural resource exploration was socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable.

Describes the relationship between the Foundation for Housing Promotion (FUPROVI), Representaciones Televisivas (Repretel), and Mutual Heredia. The partnership was built to respond to the emergency situation affecting the south of Costa Rica after Hurricane Caesar hit the area in July 1996. A campaign was launched to raise funds to build houses for the families that had been left homeless. Deals with the description of the "A Roof for the South--Building with Love" campaign, the joint venture undertaken by the above-mentioned organizations. FUPROVI's executive director needed to determine the characteristics potential partner organizations should have for successful and lasting future partnerships.

Describes the alliance that Manuel Ariztia (Don Manuel), a highly respected owner of one of the leading poultry companies in Chile, has forged with Melipilla, a Chilean municipality, to collaborate in the management of its public educational system. The vehicle used for this alliance is the Corporacion Municipal de Melipilla (CMM), which is defined as a private, not-for-profit, autonomous, nonpartisan entity that provides education and health services at the municipal level. Don Manuel became a leader on the board of directors of the CMM and was instrumental in improving CMM's financial and educational performance. Opens with the challenge facing the CMM--the upcoming retirement of the general manager, who has been in charge of the administration since the beginning. Additionally, the impending retirement of Don Manuel, whose presence has given the board an element of stability, along with the upcoming mayoral elections are jeopardizing the board's stability. Addresses issues of management succession, governance, decision making, and collaboration between business leaders and nonprofit organizations. Also addresses issues related to the key role that board of directors can play in the effective management of educational organizations.

Describes the story of Posada Amazonas, a tourist lodge in the Peruvian jungle, which resulted from a collaboration agreement between the native community Eseja de Infierno and the tourism firm Rainforest Expeditions (RFE). The partnership agreement was signed in 1997 for a period of 20 years. It provided for the native community to work in tourism exclusively with RFE and protected the area's tourist resources. In turn, RFE had to procure the necessary financing to build the lodge and was expected to manage the venture. RFE had to train the community in lodge operations. After the contract expired, the community had the option to continue the partnership or assume management of the lodge on its own. Posada Amazonas received several national and international awards and was the topic of various articles in prestigious tourism and ecotourism magazines. However, RFE's management faced some trouble with the community staff. Turnover was compulsory every two years, but the community was not large enough to provide new, qualified personnel that often. The community itself had some old internal problems that had a negative impact on the business relationship with RFE, too. Lodge operations were also compromised by frequent irregularities in airlines that brought tourists into Puerto Maldonado and by the lack of a good locale.

When it comes to improving business performance, managers have no shortage of tools and techniques from which to choose. But what really works? What's critical, and what's optional? Two business professors and a former McKinsey consultant set out to answer those questions. In a groundbreaking, five-year study that involved more than 50 academics and consultants, the authors analyzed 200 management techniques employed by 160 companies over 10 years. Their findings at a high level? Business basics really matter. In this article, the authors outline the management practices that are imperative for sustained superior financial performance--their "4+2 formula" for business success. They provide examples of companies that achieved varying degrees of success depending on whether they applied the formula, and they suggest ways that other companies can achieve excellence. Without exception, the companies that outperformed their industry peers excelled in what the authors call the four primary management practices: strategy, execution, culture, and structure. And they supplemented their great skill in those areas with a mastery of any two of four secondary management practices: talent, leadership, innovation, and mergers and partnerships. A company that consistently follows this 4+2 formula has a better than 90% chance of sustaining superior performance, according to the authors.

Value is often viewed in either economic or social terms. The Blended Value Proposition asserts that true value is nondivisible, consisting of a blend of economic, social, and environmental components. This perspective requires us to re-examine our understanding of the nature of capital, the methodology for calculating rates of real return to investors, and the role of for-profit and nonprofit organizations in the value creation process.

Jonathon Elderslie, recently retired after running his own company for 30 years, must decide what questions he should ask before deciding whether to join the board of directors of a publicly traded company. While flattered by the invitation, he has some concerns given the current climate of concern about corporate governance and, more specifically, the views about the role of a director expressed by one of his business acquaintances.

Jonathon Elderslie, recently retired after running his own company for 30 years, must decide what questions he should ask before deciding whether to join the board of directors of a publicly traded company. While flattered by the invitation, he has some concerns given the current climate of concern about corporate governance and, more specifically, the views about the role of a director expressed by one of his business acquaintances.

Personalized medicine requires the identification of mutated genes. Schering-Plough's search for the one related to asthma requires finding families with the disease. Examines the industry that helps conduct such research, including contract research organizations.

This case presents the "best practices" of a highly successful post-merger integrator that grew from $400 million in 1997, to $1.5 billion in 2000, to $4 billion in 2002. Case focus is on the $4.0 billion IT sector of Northrop Grumman (NGIT), a company confronting immense change in the rapidly consolidating defense business. This integration is unique in that the product is a complete melding of various companies, systems, leaderships, and cultures of 11 legacy organizations. Not only is the result an organization with a new identity, but also one with new strategic capabilities unavailable to any of the stand-alone legacy companies. The case is accompanied by a CD-ROM that includes videos of weapons systems (e.g., B-2 bomber) and PowerPoint presentations of their PMI process.

The proposed sale of Hershey Foods during the summer of 2002 captured headlines and imaginations. Six months after making its decision to explore a potential sale, the board of the Hershey Trust Company was examining two serious offers: a joint bid from Cadbury Schweppes PLC and Nestle S.A. and an independent bid from the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. In essence, the board faced both an economic and a governance decision. On the economic side, the board needed to determine the value of Hershey as a stand-alone entity compared with the bids being offered. On the governance side, the board needed to decide whether selling Hershey compromised the board's original mandate from Milton Hershey.

The health and fitness trend that started in the 1980s and became a staple of American lifestyle in the 1990s created numerous opportunities for new firms to introduce niche products. The founder of No Pudge! Brownies worked with a consultant to develop a fat-free brownie mix. She then designed a lean organization where production, distribution and Internet orders were all outsourced. Immediately she is faced with her Achilles heel, the slotting fees required by supermarkets to obtain shelf space. After two years of negotiating with supermarkets, an important grocery chain finally agrees to carry her product without any slotting fees. By 1997 sales totaled a meager $250,000. Aggressive lobbying with the National Food Distributors Association and a multi-pronged strategy for dealing with slotting eventually pushed sales above the $2 million mark. No Pudge! is at a major decision point. New growth opportunities, such as muffin mix and fast-food distribution of pre-made brownies are abundant. Slotting continues to be a source of frustration for the firm, and No Pudge! is now on the radar screen as a possible acquisition target by major food purveyors.

Qualcomm is a digital cellular communications company specializing in code division multiple access (CDMA) technology. The company spent a number of years developing this technology and in doing so missed many opportunities in adopting the technology as a worldwide standard; however, there are still some countries that have not yet made the decision on their second generation digital standard. With its income almost solely tied to this single technology, the stakes were high for Qualcomm in getting CDMA technology adopted. Supplement to this case, Qualcomm (B), product 9B01M074 discusses the company entering the Chinese market.

This supplement to Qualcomm in China (A), product 9B01M073, highlights the company's efforts in getting code division multiple technology adopted in the rapidly growing Chinese market.

General Motors Defense, a division of General Motors, one of the world's largest automobile manufacturers, designs and manufactures light armored vehicles. The company is approached by General Dynamics to jointly pursue the U.S. Army's Brigade Combat Team program. However, General Dynamic made it clear that they would also submit a bid on their own. Contrary to past practices, the chief of staff of the U.S. Army planned to award the multi-billion dollar contract within only 11 months. The executive director of General Motors Defense has to decide whether the company should bid-it-alone or submit a joint venture bid with General Dynamics.

When executives need to persuade an audience, most try to build a case with facts, statistics, and some quotes from authorities. In other words, they resort to "companyspeak," the tools of rhetoric they have been trained to use. In this conversation with HBR, Robert McKee, the world's best-known screenwriting lecturer, argues that executives can engage people in a much deeper--and ultimately more convincing--way if they toss out their PowerPoint slides and memos and learn to tell good stories. As human beings, we make sense of our experiences through stories. But becoming a good storyteller is hard. It requires imagination and an understanding of what makes a story worth telling. All great stories deal with the conflict between subjective expectations and an uncooperative objective reality. They show a protagonist wrestling with antagonizing forces, not a rosy picture of results meeting expectations--which no one ends up believing. Consider the CEO of a biotech start-up that has discovered a chemical compound to prevent heart attacks. He could make a pitch to investors by offering up market projections, the business plan, and upbeat, hypothetical scenarios. Or he could captivate them by telling the story of his father, who died of a heart attack, and of the CEO's subsequent struggle against various antagonists--nature, the FDA, potential rivals--to bring to market the effective, low-cost test that might have prevented his father's death. Good storytellers are not necessarily good leaders, but they do share certain traits. Both are self-aware and both are skeptics who realize that all people--and institutions--wear masks. Compelling stories can be found behind those masks.

easyGroup is contemplating its entry into the cinema exhibition business in the UK through the launch of a no-frills cinema. The company believes that it can redeploy the capabilities, such as yield management, that led to the success of easyJet, its low cost airline business, into this new venture. The case examines the market for cinema in the UK, as well as the evolution of easyGroup's portfolio of companies, with a view to assessing the attractiveness of the company's planned launch of easyCinema.