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This case could be used in entrepreneurship, strategy, and small-business courses. It presents such classic issues regarding successful start-ups as: how to choose from a multitude of growth opportunities; how to pace growth so as not to dilute quality control and financial risk tolerance; and how to choose a strategic focus.

You and your roommate are launching a calligraphy business out of your two-bedroom apartment. Will this business be profitable? That is the question students evaluate with "Creative Calligraphy Invitations (CCI)." CCI creates one-of-a-kind handwritten invitations, which are in high demand for weddings, holidays, parties, and corporate functions. Calligraphy requires special talent, but the company's business operations are fairly simple. Students analyze CCI's business operations to identify the bottleneck-the step that is the slowest or has the least capacity.

The chairman of the board of Groupworks, a company created to consolidate independent brokers in the benefits industry, is faced with three issues. First, he must manage a liquidity problem related to debt that is coming due. Second, he must assess the merits of acquiring another company and, if the company is acquired, he must design the offering package. Third, he must review the firm's consolidation strategy. The case also lends itself to a detailed discussion of the various accounting practices employed by the company.

Ford Pearson has recently taken over as CEO of HLB, a Chicago-based product design and development firm (and once one of the largest in the business), to help turn it around after a series of crises that had seriously threatened its survival. Pearson has personally invested in the firm, re-organized many aspects of its operations and has hired a younger executive and turnaround expert, Andrew Macey, as COO to help him in the effort. Pearson and Macey have several options to consider: Should HLB raise $1 million in debt financing and focus on a turnaround or should it approach a private equity investor and raise an additional $4 million and pursue a more aggressive productivity improvement plus growth strategy? While they consider these options in September 2008, the credit markets are about to clamp shut as a global financial crisis is around the corner.

A management consultant is dispatched to a Central Asian Republic to conduct an operational analysis of an underperforming hotel. Initially the objective of the assignment is to turn around the business. The scope of the intervention, however, changes dramatically as the consultant finds himself in the midst of a high stakes stakeholder standoff with numerous parties vying for ownership of the business. Based on an actual consulting assignment, the case will present insight into the management consulting profession, relay a realistic account of the onsite operational analysis and business audit process, and impart the challenges managers and entrepreneurs confront in international business settings.

A key decision for entrepreneurs in many retail and service firms is whether, and how much, to use franchising. If the decision is made to franchise, the actor may assume one of two "identities" or tactics: (1) the "chain builder," who uses a blend of company and franchised outlets, and (2) the "turnkey," who sells business opportunities but does not own any outlets. To benefit from their chosen strategy, franchisors must put resources in place to support it. We argue that franchisors use the chain building strategy to strike a balance between standardization and innovation by building resources that foster trust and encourage knowledge sharing with franchisees. In contrast, for turnkeys, a valuable set of operational routines is the critical strategic resource. To better appreciate how franchisors choose between the chain builder and turnkey strategies, we gathered survey information from 263 franchisors. Via this data, and as described herein, we learned that franchisors perform better when they invest in resources that best support their selected strategy.

In 2009, Hyflux Ltd (Hyflux) was one of Asia's leading environmental water treatment companies with operations in Singapore, China, the Middle East, North Africa and India. Specialising in membrane technologies, Hyflux provided integrated solutions for municipal water treatment as well as for industrial manufacturing processes, including the recycling of spent oils and solvents. Started in 1989 by Singapore-based entrepreneur Olivia Lum, Hyflux was an early mover into China's nascent industrial water treatment market in 1993, servicing numerous manufacturing plants there. In 1998, to widen Hyflux's market base and accelerate growth, Lum moved into the municipal water treatment market in Singapore. With this, Hyflux sales revenue jumped from $17.7 million in 2000 (nine months) to $554 million in 2008 and despite the 2008 global recession during which its municipal business remained strong, the company was able to secure large-scale high value projects in North Africa. As a newcomer, Hyflux leveraged on its innovative water treatment technologies and entrepreneurial drive to grow the business. However by 2009, as a player in the global water treatment business, Hyflux had to prove that it could execute greenfield municipal projects in a far-flung continent and compete with other global water treatment companies in these new markets. To respond to these challenges, Hyflux had to rapidly grow its human capital and organisational capabilities to match the firm's aggressive market penetration strategies.

In late 2006, the four partners of Oncidium Business Consulting disagree on a number of questions, such as the firm's future direction, the responsibilities of each partner and how profits are to be divided. The A1 case, 9B09D015, takes the viewpoint of the founding partner and majority holder of the firm's shares. The A2 case, 9B09D016, looks at the situation from the position of one of the minority partners.

In late 2006, the four partners of Oncidium Business Consulting disagree on a number of questions, such as the firm's future direction, the responsibilities of each partner and how profits are to be divided. The A1 case, 9B09D015, takes the viewpoint of the founding partner and majority holder of the firm's shares. The A2 case, 9B09D016, looks at the situation from the position of one of the minority partners.

The president and chief executive officer (CEO) of Holey Soles - a developer, manufacturer and distributor of injected-molded footwear - was optimistic and upbeat. Sales had grown at 300 per cent in each of the past two years, it ranked number four in a leading publication's 2006 Canada's Emerging Growth Companies, and the CEO herself was a finalist for the 2007 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award. Sustaining the momentum that had been building since the company had been bought in 2004 was proving to be a challenge. Fast growth was stretching the capabilities of Holey Soles in all areas: securing financing, sourcing, developing new markets, maintaining high quality, expanding the product portfolio and management talent. The CEO wondered what the available options, priorities and next steps would be to continue to build a strong foundation for growth, and to reach her aggressive target of $40 million in sales by 2009.

The Li family, the sole owners of Hongxing Auto Sales and Service, are ready to sell the company. They must determine how much the business is worth and the best method of negotiating the sale of the business. This case deals with the valuation of a small, privately-owned business, and will develop students' skills in sizing up a business and placing a value on a business using a variety of methods, including liquidation value, discounted cash flow and price-earnings multiples.

This case presents the management challenges of a high-growth manufacturing company based in India that is contemplating a major international acquisition. Its decision will involve both geographic and product diversification. Students have to grapple with the trade-offs of an exciting growth opportunity that can bring the company to new heights against significant risks and challenges that such an acquisition would entail. The case also provides an excellent context for studying the evolution of international strategy in a firm, as it shows Havells growing from an entrepreneurial start-up trading company to a successful manufacturing firm and then a global company.

This case presents the management challenge of a high-growth manufacturing company based in India that is contemplating a major international acquisition. It is a decision that will invoke both geographic and product diversification. Students have to grapple with the trade-offs of an exciting growth opportunity that can stretch the company to new heights against significant risks and challenges that such an acquisition would entail. The case also provides an excellent context for studying the evolution of international strategy in a firm, as it presents Havells from an entrepreneurial startup trading company to a successful manufacturing firm and going on to become a global company. The case will fit well in a strategic manufacturing class, either on the topic of diversification strategy or international strategy. The decision is reasonably complex and allows the instructor to take the class through an in-depth analysis. Given the short length of the case, it can be used effectively in executive education class. The case can serve very well as a final examination case in a strategic management course.

In May 2007, Amgen Inc. (Amgen) received disappointing news from the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) that its drug Vectibix, developed to fight metastatic colorectal cancer, had been rejected. This was especially surprising news given that a similar rival drug had received approval several years prior. Moreover, Vectibix had also received Food and Drug Administration approval in 2006. During additional trials, Amgen has learned that the Vectibix is only effective with the 60% of the population that has a specific gene marker. Given this development, what should Amgen's strategy around Vectibix be both in Europe and the United States?

The case describes the political, regulatory and stakeholder challenges confronting the founder of Porter Airlines, located in Toronto, Ontario, during the 2002/03 period when he was seeking formal permits to launch the airline from Toronto City Centre airport. The case also includes information on the market opportunity for a new airline, enabling students to assess a) the business case for new entry into a hyper-competitive industry, b) the appropriate competitive strategies for successful performance and c) the political or non market strategies for managing stakeholder and political opposition.

A retired scientist and her partner want to start a company near London, Ontario, specializing in training horses for dressage competitions. The partners must ascertain whether the $100,000 they plan to invest will be sufficient to cover cash requirements, or whether a loan is required. Neither partner has had any business training, and they are unsure how to prepare proper financial statements. The partners wondered whether any further information was needed and what steps they would take to start the venture.

Babeeze in Arms Doula Centre, a small London, Ontario-based business, offers services to women during pregnancy, labour and after childbirth. As a certified doula, the sole proprietor provides emotional and physical support to mother and complements the medical care provided by doctors and midwives. Along with two other doulas and an instructor, the proprietor offers labour services, postpartum services and childbirth education classes. She has a solid reputation in the community for providing excellent care. The proprietor is heavily involved as an active doula, but she would like to step back from practice to focus on improving community awareness of doulas and advocating for more options and better care for mothers and babies. She is interested in opening a private birth centre, which would be an alternative venue for women to give birth and a new facility from which to offer Babeeze's services and classes.

A young entrepreneur with a passion for filmmaking moved to Los Angeles and set up his own film production. The film, entitled Movin 'In, had many of the ingredients of a successful motion picture. It had an international cast, talented and well-known stars, top rate production value, and a likeable story. However, he soon learned that these were not the only factors required for a successful movie. After years of hard work and an investment of nearly $1 million, the entrepreneur could not find anyone to distribute his film. At the time of the case, it was difficult to get distribution because there were more films on the market than ever before. Historically, it took more effort to make an independent film, and distribution was easier to secure. When the digital revolution began, the market was flooded with more independent films than distributors could handle. By 2001, independent films were a commodity and DVD distribution deals were plentiful, but theatrical distribution was almost impossible to get because there were more independent films than screens to put them on. The case considers the many challenges faced by all entrepreneurs, such as leadership, management and personality conflicts, as well as those unique to the film industry.

The investment manager at Prairie Ventures Limited, a Saskatchewan based venture capital firm, is examining the merits of financing a management buyout of Crestline Coach, a manufacturer of ambulances and distributor of buses. Students must design a term sheet and create an appropriate financing package. Students are provided with an Excel model to assist in their analysis.

The president and chief executive officer of a fractional aircraft ownership company based in London, Ontario, must devise a growth strategy and marketing plan for OurPLANE's upcoming year since there is an opportunity to purchase several more aircraft at deeply discounted prices. Students are asked to (1) perform a thorough company size-up, (2) complete an industry analysis of the fractional aircraft ownership industry, (3) analyze competition, (4) complete a consumer analysis, (5) calculate the company's margins and profitability, (6) use the external and internal analyses to develop a growth strategy and (7) analyze the company's marketing strategy.