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In 2019, an entrepreneur and Ivey Business School graduate was facing a critical decision regarding how best to maximize the growth of his new product, The Chosen One card game. The entrepreneur had recently created and launched his Jewish-themed satirical card game in Los Angeles, California, after playing the adult-themed and highly popular Cards Against Humanity. Buoyed by initial small-batch sales, he secured deals to sell his product through various online and traditional retailers, but he had to decide how to grow sales and revenue. He had a limited marketing budget and was facing uncertainty regarding production quantities. There were various potential digital and physical distribution options for his product to maximize growth and long-term profitability. Each option had both benefits and drawbacks in terms of profitability, required marketing support, alignment with the target segment, access to consumer data, and production demands. The entrepreneur had to evaluate all options and choose the most suitable channels to distribute The Chosen One card game.

In September 2015, Pooja Viswanathan, a post-doctoral research scientist, emerged perplexed after a meeting with her post-doc supervisor. The purpose of the meeting had been to debrief on Viswanathan’s progress in response to the unexpected multi-stakeholder feedback received on the outcome of her six years of research: a prototype of an anti-collision system that enhanced wheelchair users’ mobility. To her considerable surprise and confusion, there seemed to be no consensus on the commercial viability of her prototype. Viswanathan stood in the corridor outside the meeting room and pondered her next steps. One option was to return to the post-doc bench and continue to develop her academic work and publish her findings. Alternatively, she could try to address the feedback she had received and start up her own venture, whereby she could commercialize a solution with stronger market potential. Viswanathan knew she had reached a fork in the road and now had to make a decisive career choice.

How should a venture capital firm divide compensation and decision rights between its founders and its next-generation partners? Platinum Capital faced this decision in July 2020. Platinum's younger partners had just requested a piece of the firm's highly lucrative Management Company from Platinum's founders. The founders felt they were owed compensation for the risk and "lean" years they had faced when founding the firm. Yet, the high-performing new partners had other career opportunities and wanted to be "real" partners in the business. Should the founders grant the next generation access to the management company? If so, how should the firm's decision rights work in this new scenario?

In July 2020, the founder and manager of Montreal Community Contact (Contact), a bimonthly community newspaper, was considering strategies to ensure the survival of his business. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that he was sixty-three years old, he worried about what the future of the newspaper would look like if anything were to happen to him. Contact had been running for almost thirty years and had a loyal readership within the Black community in Montreal and a loyal cadre of advertisers, but online media was threatening the newspaper industry, and each year the business just managed to break even. The business's owner now felt it was important to secure the long-term survival of the newspaper. How should he improve the stability of Contact while evaluating future avenues for the business?

Founded in Montreal in 2015 by three friends, Poches & Fils enjoyed huge success from the beginning, fuelled largely by its quirky and humorous positioning in the highly competitive fashion industry. Initially marketed directly on the Web, the brand has been on the shelves of Quebec retailers since 2016. Its distribution partnerships generated sustained revenue growth until 2017, prompting the company to diversify its offering and attempt internationalization. However, eroding margins and declining sales in 2018 and 2019 imposed some tough decisions. The following year would be pivotal: Poches & Fils had to strengthen its profitability and increase its online sales. Questions arose: How could the partners jumpstart the growth of this DNVB? How could P&F do better? Which performance indicators should it use?

PrideBites is a case that highlights the entrepreneurial journey of four young graduates who witnessed the dearth of cheap, good quality, and customizable pet products in the market and decided to make these customizable pet products. These founders also had to seek funds to grow their business. The case walks readers through the decisions investors make and the roles of entrepreneurs in successfully getting funds from venture capitalists. This case also provides an opportunity for students to understand Mises and Rothbard's emergence and function of entrepreneurial profit and loss, and how this informs everyday business life and experiences. It presents rich material to understand that funding a venture is more a result of a negotiation process between the venture capital firm and the entrepreneurial firm and more an art than science.

The case is set in July 2020, when Lynk Biotech (Lynk), a pharmaceutical research company based in Singapore is facing the dilemma of designing new products from its existing transdermal platform which is a well-researched proven technology developed by the company. Lynk was a university spin-off focused on drug research, and had pivoted its business model to come up with over-the-counter topical cream products for the market. The company had followed the research publication route to gain visibility for its technology innovation and the clinical trial route to use its proprietary technology to develop products and bring them to market. All along, the company had relied on Open Innovation methods to build collaboration with local educational institutions to publish its research and help conduct clinical trials. However, the company faced significant challenges in expanding its market outside Singapore, as its products required expensive clinical trials and faced regulatory challenges in most countries. In late 2019, a local research firm with ties to a renowned university in Singapore had approached Lynk to collaborate on using its proprietary technology for a new product that it was designing. While sharing its technology with appropriate licensing measures could be a plausible approach for the company to expand its outreach, were there other avenues that Lynk could explore to expand its business? Was partnering with research organisations the right way forward? Had the clinical trial method been the right way of embarking on its Open Innovation journey?

Mary Gadams, founder and CEO of RacingThePlanet, has managed to stage sporting events in some of the world's most inhospitable locations for the last 20 years. New challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, have arisen. How can this small company navigate the global racing market, international regulations, COVID responses, and more?

As COVID-19 swept across the globe in 2020, the education sector faced unprecedented disruption. Schools and colleges worldwide shut down, forcing over a billion students and teachers to move to online learning. Investor interest in the EdTech space exploded as technology-based education solutions shifted from a "nice-to-have" to a "must-have." As one of the leading EdTech venture capital firms, GSV Ventures, which had backed industry leaders such as Coursera, ClassDojo, Guild Education, Remind, and Course Hero, was positioned to be at the forefront of the changes happening to education across the world. In light of the pandemic, GSV had to postpone and reenvision its hallmark ASU+GSV Summit - a partnership with Arizona State University and GSV that showcased the latest innovations and innovators across the global "pre-K to gray" EdTech space - that had been scheduled for March 30 to April 1. However, on the positive side, GSV Ventures was facing a surge in investor interest in its Fund II which had begun fundraising in 2019. The original target had been to raise $100 million, but there was recent discussion of increasing Fund II to $200 to $250 million. Quazzo needed to decide whether it made sense to expand the fund, and if so, what changes would need to be made internally and strategically to support a larger fund. At a higher level, Quazzo wondered whether the momentum gained in EdTech during the first few months of COVID-19 was sustainable. Would the global focus on remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic trigger systemic changes? Could this be a unique opportunity to address the massive challenges associated with inequality of access, opportunity, and outcomes?

New opportunities, challenges, and decisions arose for a pub owner and his business partners when celebrity Halle Berry raved on social media about the hot wings served at the pub. Berry's post sparked an unprecedented 28-day sellout and a firestorm of news coverage that kept the business going at a time when the restaurant industry was suffering from government-imposed restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pub owner and his partners wonder whether to seize momentum and enter the fiercely competitive packaged goods industry, bottling and selling their signature wing sauces.

In 2016, just four years after launching their business, the four founders of Campus Sutra (a youth-oriented online fashion brand) had to decide whether to join an online marketplace’s brand accelerator program. Joining the program promised rapid growth, but the exclusivity clause was risky. How should the founders evaluate the lucrative proposal? Nurturing high-quality private labels through support programs that accelerated the growth of exclusive brands seemed to help the platforms enhance customer engagement, but was the promise of support from the online marketplace worth the restrictions of platform exclusivity?

Founded in 1984, United Safety & Survivability Corporation (USSC) was an American company headquartered in Exton, Pennsylvania, that began in a garage with just a few products and a dream to develop better and safer transportation solutions. Like most firms, as COVID-19 started to spread in the United States and around the globe, USSC found itself in uncharted waters. The transportation sector, in which USSC operated, was among the most affected by the pandemic as people stopped using public transportation or were confined to their homes. The uncertainty regarding the transportation industry’s future was as substantial as the drop in demand caused by the pandemic. USSC’s chief executive officer found himself in a difficult situation, as the company would soon run out of money. At the same time, there were no clear answers yet to fundamental questions about the industry’s future. USSC's leadership team had to quickly decide on both short-term (tactical) responses to COVID-19 and long-term (strategic) decisions, including decisions about its product portfolio and research and development strategy.

New opportunities, challenges, and decisions arose for a pub owner and his business partners when celebrity Halle Berry raved on social media about the hot wings served at the pub. Berry's post sparked an unprecedented 28-day sellout and a firestorm of news coverage that kept the business going at a time when the restaurant industry was suffering from government-imposed restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pub owner and his partners wonder whether to seize momentum and enter the fiercely competitive packaged goods industry, bottling and selling their signature wing sauces.

In 2016, just four years after launching their business, the four founders of Campus Sutra (a youth-oriented online fashion brand) had to decide whether to join an online marketplace's brand accelerator program. Joining the program promised rapid growth, but the exclusivity clause was risky. How should the founders evaluate the lucrative proposal? Nurturing high-quality private labels through support programs that accelerated the growth of exclusive brands seemed to help the platforms enhance customer engagement, but was the promise of support from the online marketplace worth the restrictions of platform exclusivity?

Enterprise risk management (ERM) was introduced in the 1990s and has become an indicator of good management. Despite this success, many organizations still seek practical advice on ERM implementation. This article provides questions asked of an experienced chief risk officer and his staff by risk practitioners at many organizations over 11 years. Detailed answers based on best practices are provided. This article is important as it shows what areas were of concern related to ERM implementation, and many of these concerns may still apply today. The questions presented in this article fall in the following 10 areas of ERM implementation: background and context, organizational, getting started, risk identification, culture and engagement, risk criteria (which includes risk appetite and risk tolerances), tools and techniques, reporting, the benefits, and the future of ERM. This article should be of interest to practitioners involved with ERM, consultants in the area of ERM, and academics teaching courses on ERM, risk management, and related topics. This article will also provide a base against which further future research can be done to see how ERM evolves.

The COVID-19 pandemic that erupted in 2020 forced businesses across the world to adopt virtual meetings. With many people working from home, software platforms like Zoom and Teams became ubiquitous, but their widespread use also revealed many weaknesses and limitations. While technologies for virtual meetings have existed for decades, these technologies have advanced significantly in recent years, and today range from audioconference facilities to telepresence rooms with high-resolution video and sophisticated virtual presence features. The available alternatives differ significantly in costs, complexity and capabilities, and choosing the most effective technology for each meeting setting is not always easy. This is important, since after the pandemic, virtual meetings will move from being a necessity brought on by the pandemic to being a widely accepted alternative to traditional face-to-face meetings. Consequently, the questions of when and how to meet virtually will become even more significant. In this article, we describe a decision-making framework for choosing when and how to meet virtually, based on matching the appropriate communication capabilities with various meeting objectives and taking into account meeting size and duration. The framework is based on extensive empirical research conducted in partnership with several major U.S. and European companies.

Multisided marketplaces have become fixtures in many contemporary industries. From Amazon to Google, platforms dominate entire markets and have become some of the world's most valuable companies. Despite their success, these companies have a subtle but potentially fatal weakness: disintermediation. This occurs when buyers and sellers find each other on the platform and then bypass that very platform--and its commission--to complete their transaction directly, off of the platform. This article compiles and illustrates the causes of and remediations to platform disintermediation.

Digitalization is transforming the industrial landscape. Smarter products, data-based services, and new business models promise to reshape the whole manufacturing industry. But just below the visible excitement lurk unexpected tensions and challenges that can make digital transformation an excruciating journey for industrial companies. In this article, we decipher the digital transformation strategy choices of leading industrial firms in a highly innovative country. We then identify four dominant tensions that managers need to sort out. We also provide guiding principles for selecting a digital transformation strategy capable of overcoming each of the identified tensions.

Although foreignness can bring both benefits and costs to a business, much of the literature has focused on the liability of foreignness (LOF), while relatively little attention has been paid to the positive side. Despite the presence of LOFs, foreign companies may accrue some unique advantages from their foreign status, which are referred to as assets of foreignness (AOFs). Drawing upon social-capital theory and institutional theory, this article examines the issue of LOFs versus AOFs in the context of the informal networks in Korea and explores how foreign companies can manage their weaknesses in host-country-specific informal networks to create value from their foreignness. We discuss two practical strategies, reactive and proactive strategies, that can be used by foreign companies. While these two strategies can be pursued in parallel, this article suggests that foreign companies should prioritize pursuing proactive strategies. This article contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the role of foreignness in the international business context and provides practical insights into how foreign companies can leverage their foreign status in developing their own informal networks in Korea.

The top online marketplaces in the world, including Alibaba, Amazon, and eBay, sold $2.7 trillion in 2020, or 62% of global web sales that year. Despite the promise of unfettered access to customers, the reality is that most sellers struggle with unprecedented and unauthorized rogue resellers. These often anonymous, third-party individuals and firms may not provide the quality experiences aligned with customers' expectations of a brand and often market their goods in competition with trusted partners. This requires a systematic battle plan to effectively protect the seller's brand equity, service promise, and authorized distribution network. We describe the channel war that is at work and the forces fueling its development. We explain how rogue reseller activities drive down pricing, increase channel competition and conflict, impact the customer experience, and harm brand equity. We recommend revising product policies, procedures, and agreements to begin to differentiate products from those sold by unauthorized parties. We also recommend a legal strategy to complement these efforts. Critical steps include regular and active enforcement as well as implementing services, benefits, and quality controls for the brand's products that cannot be replicated by unauthorized sellers and requiring authorized distributors and retailers to maintain those benefits and controls.