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By 2018, NIO Inc. was more than just a car company. By providing high-performance smart electric vehicles and the ultimate user experience, NIO had shown its commitment to creating a pleasant lifestyle for its users and creating a worldwide “user brand.” Based on mobile Internet thinking, NIO created its own unique business model with the user experience at its core.<br><br>Unlike Tesla Inc., NIO took only four years from its inception to its launch, while Tesla spent about seven years to achieve this. While NIO and Tesla were often equated, NIO’s founder, Ben Li, specifically differentiated NIO from Tesla with his powerful statement that “becoming the world’s most user-satisfied company is more important than revenue.” To achieve this great value proposal, NIO had to develop its own business model.

In January 2019, the account manager of a social finance program that provided loans to early-stage, high-growth social enterprises, was reviewing a working capital and long-term loan request for a non-profit urban farm. The farm's board of directors needed the funds to further scale the company for its third growing season. The account manager needed to consider the business’s feasibility and social impact when making the decision.

James "Hondo" Geurts, the Acquisition Executive for U.S. Special Operations Command was in the middle of his Senate confirmation hearing in 2017 to become Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development and Acquisition. Overseeing acquisitions in one of the most secretive parts of the U.S. military, Geurts had founded SOFWERX, an open platform to diversify and speed the rate of new ideas into Navy SEALs, Army Special Forces, and the like. His approach helped source the idea for the EZ-Fly, a hoverboard, from a YouTube video. At his confirmation hearing, the Senators' questions had a common theme: How should things like SOFWERX and protypes like the EZ-Fly find a place within the Navy writ large? How would Geurts's experience running an innovative procurement effort for U.S. Special Forces units enable him to change a much larger-and much more rigid-organization like the U.S. Navy?

In October 2018, Tesla, Inc. (Tesla), an American automotive and energy company, received an approval from Shanghai’s mayor to acquire a plot of land to build a new electric-vehicle (EV) factory, which was expected to produce its first cars in three years, and to have initial capacity of about 250,000 vehicles a year. This move was in response to a significant rise in the Chinese EV market and the additional tariffs imposed by the Chinese government during its 2018 trade war with the United States. Since 2013, Tesla had partnered with Panasonic Corporation (Panasonic)—the consumer electronics company and a world leader in battery technology—to build Gigafactory 1 and Gigafactory 2 in the United States for manufacturing Tesla’s batteries. The Chinese automotive market was a business environment much different from any that the Tesla–Panasonic partnership had previously experienced. Given the Chinese government’s regulations, requirements, and incentives, what should be Tesla’s growth strategy in the world’s largest automotive market—China. Should Tesla continue its partnership with Panasonic in China or should it look to derive more potential benefits from other suppliers?

In the summer of 2018, after over 25 years of leading AREUFIT Health Services, Inc. (AREUFIT), the founder and president of assessed her company’s position in the evolving health services market. She had grown AREUFIT from a sole proprietor start-up to its current position as the Philadelphia region’s award-winning provider of preventive health and biometric screenings, corporate health and disease prevention programs, and wellness services, with annual revenues that exceeded US$1 million. The founder had spent the last three years working with an outside consultant in preparation for the next stage in the life cycle of her company. When a competitor approached her with an offer to buy AREUFIT she knew she had to make some tough decisions, while remaining true to her values and business practices. She wanted to preserve the company and culture she had built, protect her key employees, and ensure that the brand reputation of AREUFIT would endure.

From 2009 to 2015 was a crucial expansion period for Gastón Acurio and the holding company Acurio Restaurantes under which he combined the creation and day-to-day operations of his Peruvian restaurant empire. The case gives an overview of Peruvian cuisine and of how Gastón, starting from a single restaurant, built a food empire. Between 1994, when he founded his first restaurant Astrid y Gastón in Lima, and 2005 Gastón Acurio quietly established himself as a star chef and a leader in the international culinary scene. He also gained experience not only running a restaurant but also establishing a local supply chain and working with producers and suppliers. In 2005, Acurio Restaurantes began expanding internationally - first in Latin America and then overseas, creating different restaurant concepts for different customer segments and dining experiences. The case describes the challenges associated with expanding to new markets each with its own culinary specificities and practices, the need for local partners, and the financial aspects of an aggressive expansion strategy. Gastón Acurio is the central figure, with his quest to replicate for Peruvian cuisine the global expansion that Italian cuisine had enjoyed a few decades earlier. His strong values and leadership style contributed significantly to the success of the past 10 years. After stepping back from running his flagship Astrid y Gastón in Lima, how could he continue to realize his vision for Peruvian cuisine and facilitate access to the world markets for Peru's farmers and manufacturers?.

This case exposes students to franchising and the pros and cons of becoming a franchisee entrepreneur. The context of the case is a franchise in the casual dining industry segment (a hybrid between fast food and fine dining). A couple has opened two franchisee stores of the Trio Burger chain. The case covers their story, how they ultimately decided to acquire their own Trio Burger franchise, the pains they faced in opening their first store, and finally, challenges for opening their second store. The case then transitions to the decision they would later face - to sell the two stores they had developed to an interested party or to continue operating them and open more stores down the road.

The case examines two entrepreneurs who were considering opening a Sola Salon Studios franchise in Pennsylvania, despite a challenging regulatory environment and intense competition. Sola is an innovative salon business model in which stylists (aka Solapreneurs) license fully equipped salon studios to run their own businesses. Sola's business model epitomizes the entrepreneurial opportunities available in the sharing economy, resulting in its rapid expansion across the United States. Despite this opportunity, Sola and its franchisees faced significant legal risks, similar to those encountered by other pioneers in the sharing economy, because the laws in the state of Pennsylvania, as currently written, could be interpreted as preventing the Sola business model from operating. The case prompts discussion of various business concepts including: the sharing economy, the inherent risks and likely tradeoffs of entering an uncertain market, and behavioral aspects of decision making.

Despite its overall prosperity and booming economy, King County in Washington state faced persistent inequities in poverty, homelessness, and unemployment based on race and place. This case covers the period 2014 to 2019, during which the county developed and implemented new equity- and outcome-driven approaches to address these problems. Starting in 2014, the county began shifting its orientation and operations to focus more on preventive social service programs. The county shifted from a traditional procurement model for social services, in which it assessed contract service providers' performance at the end of a contract, to "active contract management," in which the county worked closely with service providers throughout the contract period to achieve specific outcomes that both parties agreed upon in advance. Renewal of a provider's contract depended on whether the service provider met those outcomes. The case highlights how public organizations, such as county governments, develop and implement innovations. This process includes leadership and operational risks; creating theories of change; evaluating outcomes; effective use of data; relationships with outside organizations like service contractors; and resource requirements and constraints. The county's first and flagship innovative initiative was Best Starts for Kids (BSK), a comprehensive suite of programs that focused on early childhood and youth development. In 2016, the county funded BSK via a $65 million annual voter-approved tax levy. The first BSK initiative, launched in 2017, was the Youth and Family Homelessness Prevention Initiative (YFHPI). It was novel because the county was contracting with 25 smaller community organizations to reach communities with persistent rates of poverty and higher likelihoods of entering homelessness. The case, set in 2019, details the opportunities, successes, and challenges of both YFHPI and the county's cultural and operational shifts so far.

The Indian luxury leather brand Nappa Dori, founded in 2010 in Delhi, had a product range that included a luxury line of trunks, bags, accessories, and bespoke projects for its prestigious clients, which included international luxury hotels and airlines. The brand had earned worldwide recognition from global luxury clients, and by 2017, it had seven stores, a design studio, and two cafés in India as well as one destination store at a luxury resort in the Maldives. The company’s self-taught designer-owner wanted his brand to be globally recognized as an affordable luxury brand from India by 2020. However, he often wondered whether his brand story was on the right track. For instance, was it a good idea to expand into related categories while creating a unique user experience? Should Nappa Dori focus on setting up shops in luxury destinations around the world? Did the young brand have the right story to resonate with globe-trotting luxury connoisseurs? To build a global luxury brand, the firm needed to craft a unique experience that resonated with luxury connoisseurs. The founder knew that what had started as an organic exploration into luxury now needed a well-crafted blueprint as it entered the next phase of sustainable growth toward achieving global recognition.

Profico Trading and Contracting Company WLL, an aluminum and glazing contracting company in Lebanon, assembled and installed aluminum and glazing doors and windows and aluminum composite panels for local construction projects. The company's revenues had increased over the years, but over the previous four years, revenues had declined, largely as a result of regional political turmoil that affected the construction industry. The management team was contemplating an opportunity to invest in a production line that would expand the company's scope through backward integration, conceivably increasing the company's revenues by 40–50 per cent. Was the investment worthwhile in the context, and if so, how might the company finance it?

Mary Chia Holdings Limited (MCH) was a provider of lifestyle and wellness services for women and men in Singapore and Malaysia. Listed on the Singapore Catalist, the company had experienced a decline in financial performance and share price. On August 24, 2017, MCH announced that its founder would sell her 60.98 per cent stake to Suki Sushi Private Ltd., an unlisted company tightly controlled by the daughter and son-in-law of MCH’s founder. Suki Sushi’s offer was at SG$0.111 per share, which was almost double the closing price. Should current MCH shareholders accept Suki Sushi’s offer and sell their shares, and does Suki Sushi’s offer constitute an investment opportunity for investors not currently holding MCH shares?

Helena Divišová (MBA, 2016) decided to return home to the Czech Republic soon after graduation to be near her father who became seriously ill soon after she started HBS. She had considered leaving HBS immediately to help run his business. But her father, who grew up in the Czech Republic when travel and overseas educational opportunities were severely limited, would not allow her to abandon her studies. Instead, Divišová's husband, Pavel Diviš, returned to help with the family business while she completed her MBA. She also gave birth to their first child in April, just before graduation. And so, the decision to return to the Czech Republic seemed obvious; her immediate family would be together and she would be able to be with her extended family during her father's illness.

Baroo CEO Lindsay Hyde was facing unrest from the board of her pet services startup in August 2017. One board member (and lead investor) was alarmed that Baroo's growth was slowing while it's appetite for funding was accelerating. Hyde wanted to hit the gas and continue expanding to new cities, which meant she needed to raise venture capital. How could she convince the board and potential investors that the business opportunities were too good to pass up and an infusion of capital could help her steer Baroo through the speed bumps?

Baroo CEO Lindsay Hyde must secure venture capital funding if she wants to save her pet services startup. If she is unable to finance a series A, she will need to sell or shut down.

The case focuses on the initial startup team and Founders' agreements. In March 2018, Sanchali Pal proposed renegotiating the informal founders' agreement and equity split she and her co-founders had drafted the previous spring. They had been working together for over a year to solve one of the most complex and urgent problems of our time-global warming. Their company-a technology platform that enabled users to track and improve their carbon footprints on their smartphones in real time-had grown from their individual passion to combat the looming climate crisis. In the past year, their approach had been validated multiple times at different national clean energy competitions. But beneath external success, internal frictions threatened the team. Differing expectations and overlapping roles and responsibilities sparked frustrations between the co-founders and Pal began spending a considerable amount of time mediating their disagreements instead of focusing on the business. The case ends as the co-founders are meeting to discuss 3 core issues: 1) How to re-divide equity-what changes should they make to their original agreement? 2) How to establish clear roles, titles, and decision-making rights so that they could function effectively as a team. 3) How to allocate spending cash. Each grappled with key questions: Did they still trust one another? Did they feel respected? Could they renegotiate an agreement in a way that everyone could accept?

As a Chinese technology corporation founded in 2010, Cheetah Mobile (CM) formally launched its overseas strategy and entered international markets in 2012. As a born-global firm, CM moved forward along the path of internationalization and achieved success in international markets soon after its establishment. The case illustrates how CM faces and solves cross-cultural conflicts.

Maryland-based Nexercise App Inc.’s fitness application (app) Sworkit provided app-based workout routines that required no equipment. In October 2017, the app was available in a free version with advertising, or via subscriptions that included additional features and no advertising—a classic example of freemium pricing. While 1.5 million people made use of Sworkit each month, the large majority of these were free users, and only a small portion converted to paid subscriptions. The Sworkit leadership team faced several challenges related to their reliance on advertising revenue, including unpredictability and low value per customer; this led them to re-evaluate their pricing model. Would eliminating or reducing Sworkit’s free access better enable management to capture value from the popular app?

The general manager at Gati, a well-known logistics services company in India, was worried about the number of complaints the company had received. The popular supply chain solutions and logistics service provider had introduced a premium express service scheme five months ago and, since then, had 231 complaints concerning the late delivery of goods. This new scheme charged a considerable markup and guaranteed shipment of goods within 72 hours. Being dedicated to ensuring quality, the general manager had to decide whether the process was under control and if the company was operating within tolerable error limits. Could he find a solution to streamline the delivery process and achieve a target defect of 0.0005 per cent? Using MS Excel, statistical techniques were used to unravel the multi-faceted dilemma and help in decision-making.

Regulus Solar Power Inc., headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, had continued to experience financial growth over the past decade, thanks in large measure to the environmental movement and declining solar panel prices. The expansion of renewable resources was one of the lynchpins of the environmental movement sweeping the United States. Since its founding in 2010, Regulus Solar Power Inc. had focused on installing solar powered systems throughout the Southwest United States, primarily on residential and commercial applications. By 2018, however, revenues had gone flat due in largely to the rapid expansion of the largest solar panel installer in the United States into Regulus Solar Power Inc.’s traditional marketplace. The company’s management team wished to examine the impact of lowering prices on revenues and assess the opportunities for more fully engaging environmental movement groups.