個案總覽

A recent master of business administration degree graduate, had discovered a problem with inventory management in her family’s business. Agrawal Kitchenware Distributors (Agrawal), a wholesaler and distributor of kitchenware items, appeared to be well-off according to its financials, but when she had toured the company’s warehouse, she discovered several problems with the inventory, and there was no management system that could identify, track, or resolve the inventory problems. Because Agrawal was a family business, the changes needed to be acceptable to both brothers who owned and managed the business, and the changes needed to be fairly simple to implement and maintain. What inventory management technique would be suitable in these circumstances?

Spreadsheet to accompany product W26015.

An investor in NIO Inc. (NIO), an electric vehicle (EV) manufacturer based in China, contemplated the role NIO played in the EV market in China and the world, as well as the differences between NIO’s business model and the business models of other EV makers. Specifically, NIO had built and operated a network of battery-swapping stations and often included complimentary swaps with vehicle purchases. Also, NIO was able to sell a car without a battery pack as long as the customer paid for a subscription service. Further, to fund the venture, NIO and other entities had established Wuhan Weineng Battery Asset Co. Ltd., which owned the batteries that were leased out under the battery-as-a-service (BaaS) model. The investor realized that it was important to understand the implications of these streams of revenue and how they affected NIO’s stock valuation.

The case narrates the IPO journey of Budweiser APAC (Budweiser APAC), the Asia-Pacific subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev). During its time in Asia, megabrewer AB InBev not only engaged in many mergers and acquisitions but also witnessed first-hand the development of an up-and-coming market. This allowed Budweiser APAC to become a leader in the Chinese and South Korean markets and develop plans to significantly expand its market share in Southeast Asia. Nevertheless, challenges such as the overall sluggish beer industry and fierce competition for talent slowed Budweiser APAC's business. In 2019, the brewer behemoth suspended plans to list on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Shortly thereafter, the company offloaded its Australian Subsidiary Carlton & United Breweries (CUB) and then successfully listed Budweiser APAC in Hong Kong. Instead of providing the entire IPO story at once, the case intentionally splits this content into two parts. Case A focuses on Budweiser APAC's initial failed IPO attempt and asks students to put themselves in the shoes of Jan Craps, AB InBev's Zone President Asia Pacific and CEO & Executive Director of Budweiser APAC. Initially, the class discussion should focus on the global beer industry, the competitive landscape in different geographic regions, and Budweiser APAC's major competitors. Subsequently, students should discuss which of the proposed alternatives to the failed IPO listing best serves the needs of both AB InBev and Budweiser APAC. Case B follows Case A and discusses which alternative was actually chosen: AB InBev successfully listed Budweiser APAC on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange after selling its Australian subsidiary to Japan's Asahi Group. This divesture facilitated Budweiser APAC's second IPO attempt not only by making it clear to investors that the company will focus on growth markets such as China, India, and Vietnam, but also by making the listing more attractive to investors who seek exposure to emerging

Supplement to Budweiser APAC Spinoff (A): The Financial Strategy for Localization. Case B follows Case A and discusses which alternative was actually chosen: AB InBev successfully listed Budweiser APAC on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange after selling its Australian subsidiary to Japan's Asahi Group. This divesture facilitated Budweiser APAC's second IPO attempt not only by making it clear to investors that the company will focus on growth markets such as China, India, and Vietnam, but also by making the listing more attractive to investors who seek exposure to emerging markets.

This case is used to demonstrate the implementation of the residual income (RI) model using mid-cap SGX-listed firm Sheng Siong. Students are provided with basic financial statements and forecast assumptions. They are to use the data to construct the condensed financial statements and to derive the equity valuation as at the beginning of 2022 using the RI model and discounted cash flow (DCF) model. The case is useful for students to learn the mechanics of the RI and DCF model. The case can be done either as an in-class workshop/exercise or as an out-of-class assignment.

Spreadsheet supplement for case NTU331

This case is based on the real-life experiences of Matt Miner, who completed his MBA at Duke University's Fuqua School of Business in 2009. After completing his degree, Miner realized that he and his growing family needed to prepare better financially for life post-MBA. This realization prompted him to pursue a program of household savings that would allow his family to be debt-free within five years. The case provides a short narrative along with exhibits containing quantitative information and assumptions. Students can work with the information and assumptions to address whether the Miner family could be debt-free within five years, even in the face of significant debt accumulated in the pursuit of Miner's MBA degree. Miner and his wife are contemplating significant household budgetary changes at the end of the third calendar quarter of 2010. The case is motivated by management accounting student anecdotes over many years, where the students claim to learn critical financial concepts in the course, yet they do not fully apply their learning to their personal lives. It also introduces a brief connection of management accounting to behavioral economics, specifically the literature on behavioral nudging via meaningful metrics that capture obscure information.

This technical note provides a compiled 2021 annual report for the United States of America, consolidated for the public and private sectors. It includes financial statements, accompanying notes, discussion and analysis, and a summary of risk factors. An introductory section specifies the report's overarching purpose, as well as describing the role of accounting more generally for any defined entity. This annual report is designed to enable access to objective and transparent financial information about the United States within a single document. It can serve as a bridge to a candid and complete conversation about the nation's economic and financial condition. The summary is a descriptive work, not theoretical. To increase accessibility, effort was made where possible to present and describe information in layman's terms and language.

This short, engaging case challenges students to review a series of corporate financial metrics and match them to one of 13 listed industries. As such, students are to use their intuition and common sense pertaining to the distinctive characteristics of, and the key differences between, the 13 industries and then identify the financial metrics that are most indicative of those traits. This case is used at Darden in full-time, EMBA, and Executive Education, and would be appropriate for undergraduate courses in finance and accounting.

This case explores the accounting treatment for embedded derivatives of China Evergrande Group (HKEx: 3333). It had been the second-largest property developer in China by property sales and largest by land reserves and borrowing size. On 24 September 2020, a suspicious "letter" was widely circulated on the Internet. The stock price plunged. The "letter" was purportedly sent by Evergrande to the Chinese government, urging the approval of a "listing plan" which was crucial in the "reorganization plan" of the Group. Back in December 2016, Evergrande used this plan to attract new "strategic investors" (SIs) to inject capital. To attract SIs, Evergrande and the SIs had agreed that if the reorganization could not be executed by 31 January 2021, the SIs could exercise either one of the two rights. One right was to demand Evergrande to repurchase their shares. Another right was to demand Evergrande to compensate 50% of their shares. Later the SIs invested RMB130,000mn in total, instantly enabling Evergrande to alleviate liquidity strains and continued to expand aggressively by leverage. Was the RMB130,000mn properly accounted for in financial statements, despite RMB2,500mn of "financial derivative liability" throughout 2017 to 2020? Should the two "rights" be treated as "options" in accounting?

An investor in NIO Inc. (NIO), an electric vehicle (EV) manufacturer based in China, contemplated the role NIO played in the EV market in China and the world, as well as the differences between NIO's business model and the business models of other EV makers. Specifically, NIO had built and operated a network of battery-swapping stations and often included complimentary swaps with vehicle purchases. Also, NIO was able to sell a car without a battery pack as long as the customer paid for a subscription service. Further, to fund the venture, NIO and other entities had established Wuhan Weineng Battery Asset Co. Ltd., which owned the batteries that were leased out under the battery-as-a-service (BaaS) model. The investor realized that it was important to understand the implications of these streams of revenue and how they affected NIO's stock valuation.

External auditors regularly interact with various parties at work, such as their accounting firms, engagement team members, and clients. These interactions can help shape the nature of auditors' social exchange relationships with these entities, which in turn may influence their behavior toward these targets. This installment of Accounting Matters draws from recently published research by Herda and colleagues to (1) explain how constructive auditor-target connections can develop and lead to beneficial outcomes like reduced auditor burnout and turnover intentions, as well as more citizenship behavior, and (2) discuss how these upshots might ultimately affect audit quality. This topic is important because audit quality translates into improved financial reporting, which helps stakeholders who rely on audited financial statements to make informed business decisions. Specifically, we underscore the key role auditors' perceptions of fair treatment from a relationship partner play in fostering a strong psychological bond with the target via perceived support. We further consider how auditors' consequent commitment to the target can result in favorable organizational outcomes, including enhanced audit and financial reporting quality. We also discuss practical implications for accounting firms.

The case describes the Financial Statement Analysis interactive learning object. It is aimed at students taking the COR1307 Accounting for Entrepreneurs course in particular, as well as other basic financial accounting courses (ACCT101 and ACCT111 - Financial Accounting) and basic finance courses. The course is designed to provide a broad base coverage of issues related to accounting, such as basic accounting concepts and their applications to businesses, capital-raising, short-term and long-term financial planning, managerial accounting principles and concepts, management planning and control, as well as taxation that are relevant to future business owners and entrepreneurs. Business owners and entrepreneurs need the general foundation to help plan and control business operations and finance as well as discussing and negotiating with other stakeholders of the business.

Spreadsheet supplement for Case HK1345

This case explores a way to identify an industry by simply examining a set of financial ratios. Certain industries have unique financial statement items and, hence, unique financial ratios. Some, on the other hand, have a few financial ratios that are consistently high or low. Students will grapple with practical questions on the identification of various industries simply by analyzing sets of financial ratios. In a practical context at school or workplace, students will then be able to reverse the process, i.e., to identify and apply financial ratios to certain significant industries, such as a stock exchange, banking, insurance, oil and gas, IT consultancy, e-commerce, and pharmaceutical.

In November 2020, Paul Dietrich was wrapping up his busy harvest season for the 1,100 acres of farmland he currently operated. Although the fall harvest season demanded much of Dietrich’s time and attention, he simply could not ignore an investment opportunity that had been presented to him. A local farmland owner was selling a 150-acre parcel of farmland that adjoined some land parcels already owned by Dietrich. Dietrich estimated that a competitive bid would need to be at least CA$20,000 per acre and the bid would need to be made immediately. He sat down to consider both short-term and long-term impacts on his cash flows.

Spreadsheet to accompany product W27012.

In November 2020, Paul Dietrich was wrapping up his busy harvest season for the 1,100 acres of farmland he currently operated. Although the fall harvest season demanded much of Dietrich's time and attention, he simply could not ignore an investment opportunity that had been presented to him. A local farmland owner was selling a 150-acre parcel of farmland that adjoined some land parcels already owned by Dietrich. Dietrich estimated that a competitive bid would need to be at least CA$20,000 per acre and the bid would need to be made immediately. He sat down to consider both short-term and long-term impacts on his cash flows.

In early 2022, the technology firm MicroStrategy unveiled a series of letters with the SEC that questioned its accounting practices around its holdings of Bitcoin. Since 2020, the firm had shifted its strategy to include not just selling software but buying and holding large quantities of Bitcoin. But accounting standards for cryptocurrency remained unclear, which could lead to conflicts such as this one with the SEC.