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This note provides background on the development of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) in Canada. It provides a brief history of the International Accounting Standards Board and Canada's decision to implement IFRS. It then discusses the conceptual framework and talks about the difference between IFRS and other global standards (Canada and the United States).

In 2002, U.S. lawmakers quickly passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in the wake of several high profile bankruptcies and the revelation of accounting irregularities and corporate fraud at several American corporations, such as WorldCom, Adelphia Communications and Enron. Did the main benefits of SOX - gains in shareholder confidence that increased equity market participation and liquidity - justify these costs? Do the benefits of SOX for corporate governance - increased oversight from the board of directors, an increase in the reliability of internal controls, and increased power given to audit committees - help to justify the costs? This note discusses the legislation itself with its costs and benefits.

The pet and pet supply industry was one of the few bright lights in an otherwise dismal retail outlook in 2009. This case gives background pet retail industry information and strategic positioning information for both PetSmart and PETCO to enable students to develop their own Balanced Scorecards and strategy maps for the two companies.

John Johnson, owner of FinePrint Company, is presented with two opportunities to consider: (1) whether to accept a one-time special printing order and (2) whether to outsource some of his printing to another printing company. In making his decisions, he must consider the relevance of certain costs, the behavior of those costs, and the extent to which he has capacity constraints.

This short but provocative case is a useful vehicle for differentiating the financial statement effects of just a few of the accounting method choices available under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Designed for MBA students, the case presumes a basic understanding of the inventory cost flow methods of LIFO, FIFO, weighted average, and specific identification. Similarly, students must also have a working knowledge of the basic depreciation calculations for straight line, double-declining balance, and units-of-production. A young entrepreneur undertakes a simple modeling task to explore the differential effects of four different inventory methods in combination with three different depreciation methods. Will there be much difference across the options? He is intrigued by the fact that he has some choices of accounting methods available to him as he gets ready to prepare a set of financial statements for his first year of operation.

The founder and president of Winston & Holmes must decide whether or not to expand the Yorkville location. Winston & Holmes is a fine tobacco and men's accessories shop. This year has proven to be a breakout year for the company and management had begun to question whether the Yorkville location needed to be expanded. The founder and president realized that the decision must be made soon, so that the upcoming Christmas sales season would not be affected by any construction.

This case outlines a simple capital budgeting decision in the farming industry. This case can be used to educate individuals in the farming industry with concepts required to make an investment decision.

An entrepreneur is hoping to open Caribbean Internet Cafe in Kingston, Jamaica. He has gathered data on all the relevant costs: equipment, rent, labor, etc. He has also found a partner in the local telephone company, Jamaica Telecommunications Limited (JTL). JTL has provided equity and a long-term loan at favourable interest rates. He is now faced with the task of analyzing fixed, variable and start-up costs, contribution margin, and the concept of break-even to guide his decision.

In 2002, U.S. lawmakers quickly passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in the wake of several high profile bankruptcies and the revelation of accounting irregularities and corporate fraud at several American corporations, such as WorldCom, Adelphia Communications and Enron. Did the main benefits of SOX - gains in shareholder confidence that increased equity market participation and liquidity - justify these costs? Do the benefits of SOX for corporate governance - increased oversight from the board of directors, an increase in the reliability of internal controls, and increased power given to audit committees - help to justify the costs? This note discusses the legislation itself with its costs and benefits.

The owner of an indoor beach volleyball and rock climbing recreational facility in London, Ontario, is considering expanding by adding a rooftop patio and outdoor beach volleyball court. Students are asked to perform a business size-up and to analyze the expansion qualitatively. Students are required to list all the cash flows associated with the expansion and classify them as relevant (cash, future and different), recurring or one-time costs. Once this is completed, students are to perform a differential analysis, with sensitivity analysis, where necessary, to determine the return on investment and to establish the payback period. Finally, students are to make a decision about going ahead with the expansion.

The owner of a vending operation located in Windsor, Ontario, must record all financial activities for the fiscal year to determine the company's financial success. The business sold a healthy energy product through more than 300 vending machines located in gyms, malls and educational campuses across Canada. Students are required to record transactions associated with cash, accounts receivable (including write offs, recoveries and bad debts), retail inventory (purchases, returns, discounts, FOB terms, valuation and the lower-of-cost-or-market rule) and fixed assets (purchase, amortization, repairs, trade-ins and sales).

Explores Canadian regulators' decision to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The Canadian decision in 2005 to adopt IFRS is particularly interesting because Canada had well-developed domestic accounting standards and because a significant fraction of Canadian industry was lobbying for the adoption of U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and not IFRS. The case positions the student as an advisor to an important local politician. Based on cultural, economic, and political information available in 2005, the case requires the student to choose between: (i) retaining Canadian GAAP; (ii) adopting U.S. GAAP; or (iii) adopting IFRS.

In June 2005, Eddie Bauer, the specialty apparel retailer, emerged from bankruptcy. Under the plan of reorganization former creditors converted their debt into common shares, taking 100% ownership in the reconstituted company. Large banks -- including Bank of America and J.P. Morgan Chase -- were among the former creditors. In October 2005, Eddie Bauer stock was selling for $24 per share. Analysts were projecting target prices ranging from $22 to $35 per share. Account managers at Bank of America and J.P. Morgan Chase needed to assess whether to hold or sell their shares in Eddie Bauer.

In February 2007, shareholders of Eddie Bauer, the specialty apparel retailer, were scheduled to vote on management's proposed sale of the company to two private equity firms. More than 50% of outstanding shares in Eddie Bauer needed to be voted in favor of the deal for it to be finalized. Shareholders needed to decide whether to vote for or against the proposed sale, which was fully endorsed by the board of Eddie Bauer.

The Eddie Bauer (B) case describes the events leading up to February 2007, when shareholders of Eddie Bauer, the specialty apparel retailer, were scheduled to vote on management's proposed sale of the company to two private equity firms. The Eddie Bauer (C) case describes what happened and the outlook for the retailer.

This case centers around a dispute between the owners and the players regarding the profitability of professional baseball teams in connection with the negotiations for a new collective bargaining agreement. The case describes the financial statements of the baseball club Kansas City Zephyrs, and discusses several items whose accounting treatment is under dispute between owners and players. Students are asked to resolve these disagreements and determine the team's "true" profitability. The discussion reveals the tensions in performance measurement, and illustrates the fundamental issues in accrual accounting. The case is best used as an introductory case in a course on financial reporting or performance measurement.

This case forces students to examine the drivers of value, particularly growth and margins. It is also effective at drawing attention to the relationship between terminal value assumptions and value creation-assumptions that generate a large sensitivity of terminal value to growth rate are assumptions that imply that a great deal of value can still be created from investments after the planning horizon. The narrative features an analyst who is trying to make sense of a sharp one-day decline in the price of Crocs stock.

Spreadsheet supplement for product UV2549.

This note provides an overview on accounting for property, plant and equipment under both Canadian GAAP and IFRS. It addresses recognition on property, plant and equipment, as well as impairment. Investment property is also addressed.

This is an effective case in an MBA module devoted to the accounting process and the preparation of the three basic financial statements; it is also an excellent exam case. A simple diagram of the three basic financial statements (balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows) is presented and used to capture, codify, and communicate the effects of a series of typical business events. A manager must understand (1) which parts of the financial diagram are affected; (2) in what direction (i.e., increase or decrease); and (3) by what dollar amount, all the while keeping the foundational equation of Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity in balance. The case also provides students with the opportunity to prepare a simple statement of cash flows using two sequential balance sheets. Finally, it presents the opportunity for students to work backward from a balance sheet and statement of cash flows to craft the beginning of the year's balance sheet.