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This case exposes students to financial decision-making in government enterprises and the concepts of financial and economic rates of return. It is based on actual electrification projects being undertaken by Indian Railways, one of the largest government organizations in the world. Electrification projects require large capital outlays with significant financial and welfare implications. The case analysis involves (i) estimating incremental cash flows under alternative scenarios, (ii) calculating the financial rate of return, and (iii) conducting a sensitivity analysis to identify the key value drivers. It also provides opportunities to discuss nominal vs. real cash flows, differences between internal rate of return and net present value, and the choice of different discount rates. The case is suitable for a course on Corporate Finance and Valuation.

Spreadsheet for case IMB395

This introductory case explores the venture capital (VC) and discounted cash flow (DCF) methods of valuing early-stage companies. OutReach Networks is an unusual start-up company in that it was profitable early in its development and did not have to seek VC funding to support its growth. The company has grown quickly and may soon be a candidate for an IPO. In November 2011, an experienced venture capitalist approaches the founder with an offer to invest $30 million in exchange for 30% of the company. While the founder sees some benefit from the VC's experience in preparing the firm for an IPO and the funding enabling it to scale more quickly, he cannot understand how the VC has arrived at this offer. The founder believes the funding should be worth no more than 15% of his firm. Potential reasons for the disagreement over the valuation are (1) differences in the founder's and investor's view of the company's risk, (2) disagreement over the appropriate set of comparable companies, and (3) differences in the methods used to calculate the percentage equity stake. The case is appropriate for use in courses covering entrepreneurial finance or venture capital.

Spreadsheet Supplement for UV6569

Spreadsheet supplement for case 213019.

Primary co-operative banks in India located in semi-urban and urban areas, known as Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs), were traditionally centered around communities and work place groups. The main business of these banks was lending to small borrowers and business houses but the scope of their operations had increased greatly. The case describes Shamrao Vithal Co-operative (SVC) Bank’s inorganic growth strategy through acquisition of weaker/loss-making UCBS, and the problems and challenges faced by the bank. <br><br>It also examines the alternative of organic growth towards its objective of achieving a pan-India presence. One of the fastest growing Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) in India, SVC Bank was moving towards this objective. From a total of 38 branches in 2005, with a deposit base of Rs24 billion, the bank had grown to more than 100 branches with a total business of Rs100 billion by 2011. This growth had come in three phases. During 2005-2008, when government policy did not permit opening of new branches, SVC Bank had grown by acquiring three weak UCBs with 24 branches. When the curbs on organic growth were lifted in 2009, the bank aggressively added 26 new branches in two years. During 2010-11, it added 16 new branches and also acquired one UCB with one branch.<br><br>Since the vice-chairman of the bank had experienced the advantages and disadvantages of both organic and inorganic growth, he wondered which route made better sense and whether the bank should continue with the kind of aggressive expansion of the past six years.

The Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB) is one of the largest and fastest-growing pools of investment capital in the world and follows an unusually active program of investment management. In October of 2012, Mark Wiseman was just 12 weeks into his role as chief executive officer, and he must decide how to lead the organization to outperform the market as it grows larger and more geographically disperse. After seven years of eschewing the use of intermediaries and successfully practicing its "do-it-yourself mega-investing" approach, CPPIB had garnered admiration from institutions on Bay Street and Wall Street alike. It had even been heralded as a "Maple Revolutionary" by The Economist. With assets under management projected to grow to C$275 billion by 2020, however, Wiseman faced the challenge of how to scale the organization's investment strategy for the future. As Wiseman settled into the chief executive's role, would he be able to lead CPPIB to meet its goals?

This case considers the valuation of Lin TV, a publicly-traded company with 30 TV stations. The case highlights how a change in operating strategy can enhance the firm's value, and considers the effect of consolidation within the industry on firm value.

Hill Country Snack Foods, located in Austin, Texas, manufactures, markets, and distributes snack foods and frozen treats. The CEO is passionate about maximizing shareholder value and believes in keeping tight control over costs and operating the business as efficiently as possible. The company invests in additional capacity and new products only when attractive, low-risk opportunities are identified and can be funded internally. The firm's culture of risk aversion extends to financing decisions with a clear preference for equity finance over debt finance. The CEO believes a strong balance sheet with large cash balances provides the company with maximum safety and flexibility. Sales growth has been steady but unspectacular. As the CEO approaches retirement, investors and analysts speculate that the company will change to a more aggressive capital structure. Students must analyze the firm's current capital structure, explore three alternatives using debt finance, and determine the optimal debt-to-capital ratio.

Spreadsheet Supplement for Product #913517

A small, publicly traded company specializing in non-hazardous waste management considers a major acquisition in the Midwestern U.S. The acquisition can provide entry into the region, help the firm compete in a competitive industry, and improve its cost position. The company has a long-standing policy to avoid long term debt and until now has made a series of small acquisitions using only internal financing. The chief financial officer wants the board of directors to reconsider the policy and suggests funding the acquisition through a bond issue. Several company directors disagree and prefer that the firm issue common stock. Students must analyze the costs of issuing either a bond or common stock before making a final recommendation for financing the acquisition.

Spreadsheet Supplement for 913530

Slater & Gordon (S&G), a midsized Australian law firm with a high-growth consolidation strategy, had an initial public offering (IPO) scheduled for May 2007. Due to a series of regulatory changes in Australia in recent years, the IPO provided an opportunity for S&G to become the first publicly-traded law firm in the world. The firm and its underwriters had just issued a prospectus and were now in the process of lining up investors for the offering. Gloria Rosen, a portfolio manager at Freemantle Securities, was trying to decide whether to buy the stock for her small-cap growth fund. With only a few days left to place an order for the offering, she had to decide whether to invest and, if so, how much to invest. To make her investment decision, Rosen had to understand the value implications of the firm's business model and its growth strategy, as well as the relevant risks.

Spreadsheet Supplement to Product #UV0602

Spreadsheet Supplement to Product # UV2481

Spreadsheet Supplement to Product #UV4652

DLF was the largest real estate player in India, possessing a strong home market in Delhi and Gurgaon (the National Capital Region, NCR). The Indian real estate market was growing rapidly, and DLF wanted to convert this growth opportunity into a country-wide presence by building significant land reserves. With huge debt on its balance sheet, the company decided to raise finance through equity. The stock markets were on a rise, and the timing was perfect to raise funds from an initial public offering (IPO). The company filed its draft red herring prospectus (DHRP) in May 2006, but soon afterwards the stock market scenario changed, and the company faced complaints from its minority shareholders. The global macroeconomic scenario had become a cause of concern too. DLF was forced to withdraw its DRHP and put its IPO plans on hold. This case is positioned in January 2007, when DLF had resolved its minority shareholders' issue and had added significant portions to its land reserves. At that juncture, DLF's management began the process of trying to gauge the circumstances before reintroducing its decision to go public.

DLF was the largest real estate player in India, possessing a strong home market in Delhi and Gurgaon (the National Capital Region, NCR). The Indian real estate market was growing rapidly, and DLF wanted to convert this growth opportunity into a country-wide presence by building significant land reserves. With huge debt on its balance sheet, the company decided to raise finance through equity. The stock markets were on a rise, and the timing was perfect to raise funds from an initial public offering (IPO). The company filed its draft red herring prospectus (DHRP) in May 2006, but soon afterwards the stock market scenario changed, and the company faced complaints from its minority shareholders. The global macroeconomic scenario had become a cause of concern too. DLF was forced to withdraw its DRHP and put its IPO plans on hold. This case is positioned in January 2007, when DLF had resolved its minority shareholders’ issue and had added significant portions to its land reserves. At that juncture, DLF’s management began the process of trying to gauge the circumstances before reintroducing its decision to go public.

This case examines the issues of establishing a capital structure for the leveraged buyout of Harrah's Casino.