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In February 2009,the human resources associate at the Toronto office of advertising agency Ambrose & Bisaro (A&B) had just finished interviewing a candidate for one of eight summer internship positions. Due to the economic downturn, A&B anticipated a larger number of qualified applicants for these positions, especially notable in 2009 as many of their direct competitors had scaled back their internship programs. Throughout the interview, the candidate impressed the human resources associate with their demeanor, enthusiasm and extra-curricular activities; however, the candidate had no previous marketing experience. At the end of the interview the candidate revealed she had secured interviews at five competing advertising agencies and had three firm offers. Somewhat taken aback, the human resources associate realized she had to make a very quick decision: extend an offer to the candidate, or wait and interview the remaining applicants and risk losing this one?

The green belt specialist at the Cintas Torlake facility near Toronto had four days before he was to present his recommendations to the executive steering committee (ESC) for correcting the capacity problem in the mat department, which was causing product shortages and negatively affecting customer satisfaction. The case provides data that students can use to analyze the processes used at the company for cleaning and replacing mats for its approximately 5,000 customers. The case provides students with the opportunity to develop their process and capacity analysis skills and to explore six sigma methodology.

In March 2010, the owner of Anita Norris Model Management (ANMM) was trying to discern a strategic direction to best serve the growth of her company. Its quick growth in the past two years was due to the owners' efforts to pursue any revenue stream opportunity that presented itself. The owner was concerned that this pace was unsustainable in the long run and would in fact stretch the business too thinly. Currently, the business's revenue stemmed from four main areas: modeling workshops, signing and booking models, model development and speaking fees. The owner wanted to develop a future business strategy that would allow her to focus the business and spend the majority of her time on developing and managing her models. To do this she had to carefully analyze the strengths and weaknesses of her company within the context of her competitors and the industry as a whole.

Supplement case for UV5984.

Supplement case for UV5984.

Appropriate for courses in operations design and performance management. Owners and employees of this company spent considerable effort developing a unique, extremely successful high-performance work place culture based on trust and a decentralized structure and little direct supervision from middle and upper management. Now management wants to consider blending a Lean or Six Sigma program into their work-place culture. A Business Process Improvement Team evaluates four different system designs for launching Lean-Six Sigma. The three-part case series follows the team's investigations, selection criteria development, assessments, and final decision. Students are asked to consider the pros and cons of the alternatives of the team, prepare a recommendation for the senior managers and then critique their choice against the team's recommendation. There is a teaching note (OM-1393TN) available.

The vice-president of manufacturing for W.C. Wood Company was reviewing a proposal to change the company's packaging for their line of refrigerators and freezers. The proposal recommended a move from cardboard packaging to a combination of polystyrene foam and clear plastic film. Switching to this method of packaging would save on material and labour costs, and result in a significant reduction in damage claims due to the increased package stability; however, a substantial capital investment would be required to launch the change. The equipment required to convert to the new design would require a six-month lead time and one week to install, preferably over the company's summer shut-down. The vice-president needed to evaluate his options of converting all lines at once or transitioning to the new packaging system in stages in order to make his decision.

The vice-president of manufacturing for W.C. Wood Company (Wood) was pleased with the implementation of the new packaging system for the refrigerators and freezers (known as "clear pack"). Despite some initial start-up issues, problems were resolved and customers had even begun complimenting Wood on the change. Therefore, it came as a surprise when Maytag refused to take delivery of the clear pack product and instead notified Wood of an impending warranty claim under their supply agreement for product damages. Wood had filed all the product testing forms and approvals with Maytag prior to implementing the clear pack product; however, the Maytag distribution warehouse had not been made aware of the proper handling requirements. Additionally, Maytag's largest customer had not been made aware of the handling changes and was similarly unprepared. As a result, damage claims had increased more than 300 per cent and were expected to rise if something was not done quickly.

Deborah McDonald of Upper Canada Insurance (Upper Canada) was reviewing several pieces of data she and her team had spent the last month collecting. McDonald and her team had been asked to address the inefficiencies in the life insurance application process, largely due to the high numbers of applicants withdrawing from the system (known as "wastage") in the midst of the process. Upper Canada had determined that the most common reason for clients abandoning the application process was the long time required to get a response, followed by lack of communication and poor customer service. It was thought that by solving these problems, Upper Canada could meet or exceed industry wastage levels and improve the efficiency of the sales team. McDonald was assigned the task of analyzing the data and making recommendations to resolve the issues of the application process, but was not certain where to begin.

Appropriate for courses in operations strategy and general management. Some 400 Fire & Security branches are given the opportunity for improvement. Executives call for the design and deployment of a global initiative aimed at the cost-overrun issues. But how much emphasis should be placed on grass-roots, branch-level continuous improvement of the bidding and installation processes, and how much direction and implementation should be driven by division staff? Students will explore the possible cost drivers for the cost-over-runs and discuss possible root causes. Corrective actions and mistake-proofing recommendations are developed for the executives. A teaching note (OM-1422TN) is available.

Appropriate for courses in operations management and process improvement. This technical note explains how to utilize process maps as tools to show workflow steps, clarify process expectations and responsibilities, and see possibilities for eliminating waste and redundancy. The note details when to use basic process mapping tools, why they work, and how to apply them. The note presents four types: Process Flowchart Map, Swim Lane Flowchart Map, Suppliers-Inputs-Process-Outputs-Customers (SIPOC) Tool, and Value Stream Map.

While much of the work on outsourcing to China focuses on the low cost and its tradeoffs, this case examines in depth the interaction between human capital and a firm's cost and capabilities. Suitable for the MBA, EMBA, GEMBA, and executive education programs, the case presents a manufacturer of semiconductor assembly equipment looking to achieve growth in its wire bonding tools segment-in particular, capillaries and dicing saw blades-through geographic expansion. At the time, it manufactured capillaries in Yokneam, Israel, and blades in Santa Clara, California. In the A case the team is charged with designing and opening a new facility in Suzhou, China. Expanding operations to China meant cost savings, and it was where K&S's market had expanded. But it wasn't clear whether it made sense to move the capillary process, the dicing blade manufacturing, or both. And if K&S did move to China, should it keep the Israeli- and American-based factories open as well? And once those decisions were made, what exactly would the knowledge transfer look like?

The green belt specialist at the Cintas Torlake facility near Toronto had four days before he was to present his recommendations to the executive steering committee (ESC) for correcting the capacity problem in the mat department, which was causing product shortages and negatively affecting customer satisfaction. The case provides data that students can use to analyze the processes used at the company for cleaning and replacing mats for its approximately 5,000 customers. The case provides students with the opportunity to develop their process and capacity analysis skills and to explore six sigma methodology.

Starting from a humble beginning of being a manufacturer of down feather products owned by Shunde Township, Galanz Enterprises Group Co. Ltd. (Galanz) had transformed itself into a world class manufacturer of microwave ovens producing about 50 per cent of the global output in 2003. This case describes the competitive and operational strategies that Galanz used to achieve such a meteoric growth. The company started out with a clear competitive strategy based on cost leadership. It designed and implemented operations system to help achieve lower cost through economy of scale, the transfer of production capacity from developed countries and full utilization of the available production capacity.

Production processes typically consist of a complex mix of people, technology, and practices. If poorly conceived or mismanaged, these processes can burden a firm with inefficiencies and performance difficulties that can be difficult to overcome. In this case, students learn why it is important to view production as an integrated whole, consisting of inputs, outputs, resources, and activities.

Statistical Process (Quality) Control, or SPC, is a set of statistical techniques and concepts used to identify and reduce variation in a process. Through exhibits and graphs, this case teaches students about the principles of statistical control and the use of control charts for variables and for attributes. Students learn about the differences among specification limits, process capability, and performance limits.

Starting from a humble beginning of being a manufacturer of down feather products owned by Shunde Township, Galanz Enterprises Group Co. Ltd. (Galanz) had transformed itself into a world class manufacturer of microwave ovens producing about 50 per cent of the global output in 2003. This case describes the competitive and operational strategies that Galanz used to achieve such a meteoric growth. The company started out with a clear competitive strategy based on cost leadership. It designed and implemented operations system to help achieve lower cost through economy of scale, the transfer of production capacity from developed countries and full utilization of the available production capacity.<br><br>The case aims to: 1. introduce students to the concepts of order winner, order qualifiers, operations priorities/objectives. 2. show how operations priorities should reflect customer requirements and affect the way a company wants to compete. 3. demonstrate how a company can gain competitive advantages through low cost strategy and how to support business strategy using operations strategy and capabilities. 4. show students how a company can build multiple capabilities over time and how a company's strategy and operational capabilities can change over time. 5. provide students with the opportunity to analyze trade-offs involved in making strategic, operational and marketing decisions as a business expands from the domestic to the global market and from OEM to ODM and OBM. 6. challenge students to develop coherent action plans that address future growth objectives. 7. help understand the tremendous opportunities and challenges of managing operations and supply chain activities in China.

This case presents a supply chain management challenge faced by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) in one of their aircraft door export project to a leading aircraft manufacturer located outside India. As per the contract, HAL has to deliver each aircraft door in a period specified by the aircraft manufacturer. Delivery of door outside this window attracts a penalty. The protagonist has to make decisions regarding when exactly to start the door's main assembly to overcome variability in the assembly of doors, how much inventory to maintain for 1222 parts that are used in the door assembly, how to manage variability in processing times, how to handle outsourcing, and how to manage parts with shelf life that are used in the door assembly. Students will have to use analytical tools to come up with decisions for the aforementioned questions. The case also provides an opportunity for the students to compare the complex nature of an aerospace supply chain with other industries such as automobiles. The case is suitable for supply chain management course as well as advanced operations management course at MBA as well as for executive program.

Ace Designers, a machine tool company in India, is debating whether to invest in production of an in-house CNC controller. Currently Ace is fitting imported CNC controllers into its machine tools, which account for 50% of the material cost. The in-house controller's cost is significantly lower and also reduces company's exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. However, convincing customers about the quality and reliability of an indigenously developed CNC controller is a major challenge and could affect the sales in the short run. Given the history of successful product introductions for the low-cost segment and process improvement initiatives (like Ace Designers' "flow lines in a job shop"), students have to determine the probability of succeeding in this new venture and the financial viability of the controller project. Sufficient data is provided in the case to carry out quantitative analysis, assess the success of earlier initiatives, and justify or reject investments in the new project. Also sufficient information is given on earlier process improvement initiatives to obtain deeper insights into softer issues and provide justification for success or failure of future projects.

Spreadsheet Supplement for KEL487.