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On May 24, 2021, Peloton Interactive, Inc. (Peloton) announced its intention to build a new US factory to produce its stationary bicycles and treadmills. The new factory, which would be located in Ohio, was an addition to the company's investments in its manufacturing facility in Taiwan and its purchase of fitness equipment manufacturer Precor Incorporated. In deciding to invest in its own production facilities to supply exercise equipment, Peloton was in stark contrast to its competitors, who predominantly outsourced production overseas. Would Peloton's plans to build its own fitness equipment in Ohio help or hinder its ability to fulfill its goal of market leadership?

Spreadsheet Supplement for Case W27019

Buckeye Chiller Systems and International Steel Corporation formed MicroFin Incorporated in 2017, in South Carolina, United States, as a joint venture to produce tubing for industrial chillers. After four years of losses, the chief executive officer of Buckeye had lost patience with the joint venture. He gave his chief operating officer until the end of March 2021 (less than three weeks) to turn around MicroFin or dissolve the partnership. With no chance of making money in the short term, the chief operating officer focused on three options for terminating the joint venture. Time was running out, and something needed to change.

Costco Wholesale Corporation (Costco), the world's second-largest retailer, officially entered the Chinese market in Shanghai in August 2019. The opening day was so jam-packed with customers that the massive influx forced the company to close early, after only five hours of operations. However, after only one week, customers were lining up outside the store, asking Costco for refunds for their membership cards. The warehouse's traffic declined significantly as well. What caused this situation? Did Costco make the right decision to enter the Chinese market? Does Costco's membership system fit the Chinese market? What kinds of challenges will Costco face in the future?

This case is set in 2020. In the latest credit cards sub-sector report from the Customer Satisfaction Index of Singapore (CSISG) survey by the Institute of Service Excellence (ISE) at the Singapore Management University, OCBC Bank's credit card business was ranked last again in terms of customer satisfaction, while an analysis of two key customer loyalty metrics, namely 'likelihood to use the credit card again' and 'likelihood to recommend their card', saw the bank faring only slightly better for the former, but again ranked last for the latter. Given these findings, Tammy Ang, an analyst at ISE, had been tasked with preparing a business consulting pitch for OCBC Bank's credit card business. Using her skills in business analytics, Ang hoped to use the data to provide useful insights for the bank to improve its customer loyalty performance.

Spreadsheet Supplement for Case SMU032

Anthony Palomba arrived in Charlottesville, Virginia, in August 2020 as a visiting scholar at the University of Virginia Darden School of Business (Darden). As a media-management and audience-analysis scholar, Palomba had previously assigned media- and entertainment-business-based cases to students to read. However, he had no idea how to exercise the case method in the classroom. In order to understand the case method, Palomba interviewed current Darden faculty members about best practices in pre-class planning, class discussion execution, and post-class or outside-class activities. In this note, Palomba organizes and summarizes what he discovered through these interviews, and reflects on his own case-study teaching experiences. Though he wrote this note for Darden faculty who are new to the case method, it is useful for any instructor taking on the case method for the first time. Moreover, it may serve as a refresher for veteran faculty members seeking inspiration or fresh perspectives.

This case follows the formation and growth of Guild, a company founded on the mission to unlock opportunity for America's workforce through education and upskilling for working employees. By connecting employees to educational programs through its three-sided marketplace, Guild increased access to learning opportunities for employees, improved retention and employee satisfaction for companies, and drove higher numbers of learners for universities. The case explores several leadership dilemmas in the context of Guild's rapid growth and success.

In 2019, two fatal plane crashes plunged Boeing in an unprecedented crisis, setting off a maelstrom of controversy about Boeing's corporate practices and the safety of the 737 MAX - the recently redesigned version of its most successful commercial jetliner. Within weeks, the MAX was grounded worldwide, and Boeing faced financial, legal, regulatory and reputational pressures. All while under intense media scrutiny and heightened safety concerns from the flying public. And then the COVID-19 pandemic hit the aviation industry, escalating the crisis into an existential threat to Boeing's commercial aviation business. Amid this perfect storm, Boeing executives faced one key question: How to restore Boeing's reputation as a leading aircraft manufacturer?

This role-playing exercise aims to tackle issues related to inter-organizational collaboration to scale up innovations. The role-playing experience helps learners discover, appreciate, and learn to govern inherent tensions in inter-organizational collaboration. The exercise is set in the Canadian auto parts industry, which could benefit tremendously from more sophisticated robotic technology to assist the manufacturing process. The role play asks learners to engage in an inter-organizational collaboration agreement. Each participant will represent a company whose in-house knowledge, resources or capabilities can contribute to developing a robot.

Since 1989, US companies have been trying--mostly unsuccessfully--to marry the ease of ordering groceries online with the convenience of home delivery. All have learned that the combination of customer demands and logistical challenges has made it difficult to be profitable in this space. Unlike retailers of standard items (such as books), sellers of groceries had to exercise judgment when selecting fresh meat, fruits, and vegetables to satisfy consumers' tastes. Once selected, many items needed to be packed in specific ways and required timely delivery to maintain freshness and quality. In addition, the "last mile" of delivery was costly and highly variable between high-density urban customers and those in more dispersed suburban and rural communities. Customers were familiar with in-store prices and resisted paying more, a preference reinforced by Amazon and other online retailers, which had created an expectation that online prices should be the same as--or even lower than--prices in stores. In addition, customers had a strong aversion to delivery charges, even if delivery saved them time. They also much preferred the convenience of narrow time windows for delivery and had a low tolerance for mistakes.

California-based Intel Corporation (Intel) was one of the world's leading semiconductor circuit firms. In July 2020, manufacturing delays with Intel's 10 nanometre (nm) and 7 nm chips were adversely affecting the company's customers at a time when demand for personal computers and laptops was at its peak. Unlike its competitors, Intel was vertically integrated. Competitors such as Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. had outsourced their chip manufacturing to leading contract manufacturers such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. (TSMC) and were experiencing better market capitalization growth by focusing on designing chips for PCs and other product categories. TSMC had become the leading contract manufacturer for chips globally. Intel's former chief executive officer (CEO) believed that Intel's chip quality was the best because its manufacturing facilities were in house. At the same time, geopolitical issues between Taiwan, the United States, and China meant that regulatory authorities in the United States were not in favour of outsourcing critical chip manufacturing. In January 2021, Intel's newly appointed CEO would have to decide whether Intel should outsource chip manufacturing to a contract manufacturer like TSMC and whether, in the long run, Intel should remain a vertically integrated unit or spin off its manufacturing division.

Angaza's story is not a typical solar light story, but the story of a female social entrepreneur with a for-profit Silicon Valley mindset transforming a social enterprise from a hardware to a software business model. It is about pivots, changing value propositions, and new products and business models as Angaza evolves to escalate social impact while still making money. Angaza began as a solar-light company founded in 2010 by Stanford graduate Lesley Silverthorn Marincola to address energy poverty in rural off-grid communities. In her quest to address affordability, Lesley realized that the main problem confronting rural off-grid communities was not the price of solar lights per se, but finding a way to spread payments over time. In 2012, Angaza pivoted from being a solar-light producer to a software provider offering pay-as-you-go (PAYG) metering and monitoring technology to players in the solar-light ecosystem - manufacturers, distributors and mobile network operators. The PAYG technology allowed end consumers to buy solar-light products by paying small amounts over time, until they eventually owned them outright. At the end of the case, students are confronted with a very real dilemma facing the founder and leadership team of many start-ups, including Angaza - what are the next opportunities for the company? Is it further scaling (if so, scaling up or deep), a pivot (into data), or an exit (sell the business)?

This three-page case is the third update to Henkel: Building a Winning Culture (A). In this supplement, dated 2021, a new CEO has taken over Henkel and implemented a new strategy. His changes to the original performance management system are presented as a new framework for the company going forward.

This note introduces a leadership communication competencies framework as part of the embodying executive presence model. The model can be leveraged in the education and development of leaders seeking to improve their skills associated with having impact and influence, enhancing their persuasive capabilities, and their ability to inspire others.

The historic Lund Resort at Kla ah men (the Resort) was wholly owned by the Tla'amin Nation and operated by Tla'amin Management Services LP (TMS). The Tla'amin Final Agreement had been in effect since April 2016, making the Tla'amin Nation self-governing over its land, resources, and members. The Resort, on British Columbia (BC)'s Sunshine Coast, featured thirty-one renovated guest rooms that ranged from budget-friendly units to luxury ocean-front suites. In addition to hiring a new general manager, the Resort needed to increase bookings in the shoulder season and stabilize staffing. By 2018, the Resort had had six general managers in two years and needed a highly experienced professional to fill the position. TMS hoped to retain this person for at least three years. The new manager would need to be a good fit in terms of Tla'amin culture and values; given the complex reporting structure, they would need to be adaptive and willing to work with multiple people within the Tla'amin leadership, including the TMS board of directors and the Tla'amin operating board. While it would have been best to hire a manager with experience working with Indigenous communities, the TMS had determined that this was not feasible and that it was best to hire someone who was experienced and open to learning about Tla'amin culture and values.

Hongxing ERKE Industrial Co., Ltd. (ERKE), founded in 2000, was the first large Chinese sportswear company to list overseas. Despite the difficulties it faced caused by poor management and the decline of its brand influence, ERKE donated ¥50 million worth of aid to disaster-hit areas in Henan, China, shortly after severe flooding in the province in July 2021. The donation caused an unprecedented online event in China and ignited the enthusiasm of netizens for buying ERKE products. Millions of netizens rushed to ERKE's livestreaming studios and expressed their gratitude and support for the company through "wild consumption." ERKE became representative in consumers' minds of excellent domestic products that were part of Chinese fashion trends. Why had ERKE's donation become such a hot topic and triggered a consumption binge in China? On the heels of this situation, how should ERKE use the opportunity to achieve a long-term competitive advantage in the future?

The case describes the Brazilian company, VTEX's journey from its founding in 2000 as a textile software company to its unicorn status in 2021 and listing on NYSE. It traces the company's transformation to a global player in digital commerce as a provider of a software-as-a-service (SaaS) digital commerce platform for enterprise brands and retailers selling direct-to-consumer (D2C). Its platform is the operating system for the e-commerce ecosystem, that enables its customers to execute their commerce strategy by catering to complex networks of consumers, business partners, suppliers and fulfilment providers at different stages of the purchase journey across a variety of sales channels. The Brazilian company has built a strong, well-established and unique ecosystem, over its 20-year operating history which made it tricky for new players to enter Latin America. By 2021, the company's clients included major brands such as Sony, Walmart, Whirlpool, Coca-Cola, Stanley Black & Decker, AB InBev, Motorola, Carrefour and Nestlé, with 2,500 active online stores, the company was present in 32 countries.

In January 2020, Paddy Padmanathan, president and CEO of ACWA Power, was reflecting on the company's sixteen-year record of success and thinking about its future growth plans. Founded in 2004, ACWA Power was a Saudi Arabian developer, owner, and operator of power and water desalination plants, was thinking about the company's future. Over the past 16 years, ACWA Power had grown its footprint with 56 assets across 11 countries, with a combined value of over $45 billion. ACWA Power had been studying the prospects of a non-carbon fuel, green hydrogen. To date, no large-scale green hydrogen plant had been attempted, predominantly because it was too costly to produce. However, with green hydrogen production costs declining and increasing commitment from countries and companies to decarbonization, projections for the hydrogen market were optimistic though highly varied. Padmanathan believed that ACWA Power with its low-cost business model and track record would be able to deliver green hydrogen at a competitive price and was keen to embark on the world's first large-scale green hydrogen project. He saw several challenges, including ACWA Power's lack of experience working with industrial gases and finding an attractive project site. The project would require partners with complementary expertise, and ACWA Power would need to determine how to structure the relationships. Padmanathan was excited about the possibilities, but was the timing right? Would being a first mover outweigh the pioneering costs? If so, what would be the best way forward?

Set in early 2020, this (B) case provides an update to the (A) case (no. 622-009) and provides additional context regarding the challenges facing Somatus.