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Once upon a time, the Walt Disney Company was famous for a quaint little mouse, a collection of vintage animated films for children, and two enjoyable--but aging--theme parks. It was, in other words, a great American company in eclipse. Today, Disney may be going through some tough times, but it's tough times for a vast $23 billion empire. Along with animation blockbusters like The Lion King and Beauty and the Beast, Disney now owns three motion picture studios, as well as the ABC and ESPN television networks. The company is now poised to build new theme parks in Japan and China to go along with its EuroDisney attractions. Two Disney cruise ships sail the Bahamas. A Disney symphony to mark the millennium opened at the New York Philharmonic last fall. And an integrated network of Web sites--Disney.com, ABC.com, ABCNews.com, Go.com, and Family.com--stretches out over the Internet. The driving force behind all that growth was undoubtedly Michael Eisner, who became chairman and CEO in 1984. In this interview with senior editor Suzy Wetlaufer, Eisner vividly and colorfully describes the challenges he confronted as he built Disney. In a series of revealing anecdotes, he illustrates the workings of a culture that fosters creativity--an environment fraught with both carefully institutionalized conflict and good old-fashioned common sense. Eisner describes in detail the four pillars of his particular brand of leadership, which he maintains are the same in good times and bad: being an example; being there; being a nudge; and being, as he puts it, "an idea generator--all the time, all day, all night."

AllerGen, a young biotechnology firm, is heading for trouble, possibly even bankruptcy. The company's one product--a vaccine for people allergic to cats--may never make it to market. And turnover is on the rise, not only because of the vaccine's uncertain future but also because employees are increasingly unhappy working for founder and Chief Scientific Officer Harry Huston. Although Harry is an excellent scientist, he has no business background. Several years ago he recruited a president and COO to bring some much-needed business savvy to the organization, but that executive left after a year because Harry simply wouldn't let him do his job. It hasn't helped matters that AllerGen's board consists mainly of Harry's friends and family, who go along with whatever he wants. Recently some scientists at AllerGen had the phenomenal good luck to develop, almost by accident, an alternative potentially lucrative product. But Harry won't give the go-ahead to develop a business plan for it. "There has to be someone who stays the course and works for the sheer joy of finding the cure," he says. "There are people out there who need this vaccine. Some very badly. That's why we're here. Not for the money." It's up to two senior scientists to make Harry see that he is holding AllerGen back. How can they convince Harry that changing course is critical? In R00106 and R00114, commentators Matt Benasutti, Mark Lipton, George N. Hatsopoulos, Dorothy Beckert, and Warren D. Miller offer advice on this fictional case study.

AllerGen, a young biotechnology firm, is heading for trouble, possibly even bankruptcy. The company's one product--a vaccine for people allergic to cats--may never make it to market. And turnover is on the rise, not only because of the vaccine's uncertain future but also because employees are increasingly unhappy working for founder and Chief Scientific Officer Harry Huston. Although Harry is an excellent scientist, he has no business background. Several years ago he recruited a president and COO to bring some much-needed business savvy to the organization, but that executive left after a year because Harry simply wouldn't let him do his job. It hasn't helped matters that AllerGen's board consists mainly of Harry's friends and family, who go along with whatever he wants. Recently some scientists at AllerGen had the phenomenal good luck to develop, almost by accident, an alternative potentially lucrative product. But Harry won't give the go-ahead to develop a business plan for it. "There has to be someone who stays the course and works for the sheer joy of finding the cure," he says. "There are people out there who need this vaccine. Some very badly. That's why we're here. Not for the money." It's up to two senior scientists to make Harry see that he is holding AllerGen back. How can they convince Harry that changing course is critical? In R00106 and R00114, commentators Matt Benasutti, Mark Lipton, George N. Hatsopoulos, Dorothy Beckert, and Warren D. Miller offer advice on this fictional case study.

Torrington Wuxi Bearings (TWB) was a Sino-American joint venture that manufactured ball and roller bearings in China. When Jesse Chen, the new general manager, arrived, the company had recorded three straight years of losses. Together with his new management team, Jesse undertook a series of measures aimed at transforming TWB from a state-owned enterprise (SOE) to a market-driven sales organization. This case allows for a discussion of issues related to a radical organizational change in a former SOE in China and the strategic considerations in entering the Chinese market.

Since the Hospital Authority officially took over the management of the public hospitals in December 1991, it initiated numerous schemes aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of its staff and health care services. This included implementing a new management structure in most of the hospitals under its jurisdiction, including Patient Care Hospital. A few of the steps taken to improve the delivery of medical services were successfully and smoothly implemented, but a few met with resistance and complaints from the medical staff. This case takes a look at the management of medical professionals, and also at the role of medical professionals as managers. It introduces students to the culture of medical professionals, and aims to help students understand the reaction of medical professionals toward changes that affect their work routines.

A Dutch partner in a Big 5 professional services firm is experiencing difficulty in getting his Mexican partner's cooperation in serving a British multinational client. Because part of the firm's competitive positioning is seamless global service, the customer is getting more and more angry. After a particularly hostile exchange with the customer, Johannes van den Bosch writes a very angry e-mail to his Mexican partner, cools off for an hour, and then edits his original e-mail to stick to facts and figures. He sends it off expecting to receive the required information and future cooperation soon. Are the medium and the message appropriate for the circumstances?

The Mexican partner in a Big 5 professional services firm reacts angrily to his Dutch partner's e-mail about providing information for their British multinational client. Puzzled by the response to his e-mail, Johannes van den Bosch takes his original e-mail to two of his partners in adjoining offices and asks their opinion. They see nothing wrong and are surprised when he shows them Pablo Menendez's reply. He wonders what to do now.

Takes an inside look at ABB's unprecedented 1997 to 2000 transformation under Gvran Lindahl, the second CEO of this electrical engineering powerhouse, who succeeded Percy Barnevik during late 1996. After a highly successful first decade of existence under Barnevik (1988 to 1996), ABB found itself in the midst of a crisis by the end of 1997, after the combined effects of global deregulation, radical technological innovations, and an unpredictable but sweeping financial crisis across most emerging markets. ABB's response was to shift its strategic focus radically to favor knowledge- and service-based offerings across all of its businesses. The company's implementation of such strategy took place in two bold steps. The first one comprised a major global restructuring of ABB, as a result of which the company divested from mature manufacturing businesses such as power generation and transportation and became a global leader in areas such as industrial process automation and electrical distribution solutions. The second step was to transform ABB into a fast-growing high-technology company, moving from old to new economy Internet-based services and solutions. The case contains two mini-cases in ABB distribution solutions and ABB's global information systems group--two instances that show first-hand the pains of rapidly transforming a vast, manufacturing concern into an Internet- and solutions-based powerhouse as the new millennium unfolds.

This exercise builds on the ideas and research of Doug Newberg and is intended to help students work through the key elements of his world-class performance model, Resonance. The technical note "Resonance" (UVA-OB-0626) describes the model, which takes an "experience-based" approach rather than a "goal-oriented" one.

Focuses on Pierre Urech's efforts to change the division structure at Ciba-Geigy to facilitate the marketing of the new product. Details the relationships Urech cultivates and the strategy he pursues as "product champion." Also describes the restructuring of the research department into small teams to improve product development. Other topics include the marketing of the new product in different regional settings, the emergence of a "dominant design," and a slow-down in subsequent innovation.

John Mack, the newly appointed president of Morgan Stanley, feels strongly that the firm needs to change in order to compete in a changing investment banking environment. Mack and his senior team undertake initiatives in order to transform the culture and working style of the firm from individualistic to team-oriented. The case provides detailed information about Morgan Stanley's existing culture and systems as well as the kinds of changes that it hopes to make. Morgan Stanley views the human resource management systems as a tool for attaining strategic objectives.

Botched leadership transitions occur with alarming frequency--a fact that's laid bare regularly in the business pages of the nation's newspapers. The headlines trumpet the premature departures of designated successors--leaders such as Merrill Lynch's Herb M. Allison and AT&T's John Walter, who left their respective companies before they could claim the CEO's seat. Dan Ciampa and Michael Watkins, who have counseled senior executives and successors through more than 100 leadership transitions in the past 25 years, point to the successor's dilemma as the dominant cause of failed leadership transitions. The dilemma is an emotionally charged power struggle played out between the CEO and his would-be heir. Ciampa and Watkins describe the way the problem builds on both sides of the desk--the CEO's fear of giving up control versus the designated successor's need to enact the changes expected of him and prove himself to the board. They cite anecdotal evidence and their own research to suggest that this complex psychological dynamic leads CEO-successor relations astray and can block the successor's path to the top spot. But the authors also offer four ways for the would-be heir to overcome the successor's dilemma. These include gauging the CEO's readiness to leave before accepting the number two spot, maintaining regular communication with the CEO despite ever-present obstacles such as travel and business schedules, and developing and using a balanced personal advice network to help navigate the shift in power. The authors stress that defusing the problem is the responsibility of the successor, not the CEO. The reason is simple: the successor has the most to lose.

A middle manager is about to meet with his boss to discuss her request that he head up a task force to determine how overhead can be reduced by 20%. He must decide what to address in that meeting and how the task force should be launched and led. The focus is on team leadership at four stages in a team's life cycle: 1) preparation, 2) initial meeting, 3) mid-course consultation, and 4) post-performance debriefing. A rewritten version of an earlier case.

Supplements the (A) case.

This note identifies a set of core competencies for managing a diverse workforce effectively. It can be used as a supplemental reading for any case discussion that explores ways managers handle diversity dilemmas, and it is useful for both individual and interpersonal levels of analysis.

Paul Binder, founder and artistic director of the Big Apple Circus, offers advice on assembling diverse teams and managing creative people.

Provides a follow-up to the video case. Updates happenings in Williams' career from 1996 through 1999.

For the most part, Glamor-a-Go-Go's board has been thrilled with CEO Joe Ryan's performance. Ryan, after all, had transformed the private-label cosmetics company into a retail powerhouse with flashy outlets from New York to Los Angeles. In addition to saving the company from bankruptcy shortly after his arrival in 1992, Ryan had made Glamor-a-Go-Go a fun and exciting place to work, increasing workers' wages and creating boundless opportunities for anyone willing to work hard and think out of the box. He had also brought more women and people of color on board. And he had made many employees wealthy, with generous stock giveaways and options for the most senior employees down to the most junior. Glamor-a-Go-Go's stock price had grown tenfold during Ryan's tenure. But Ryan's personal affairs were beginning to call into question his leadership abilities. The local paper's gossip column recently ran a photo of Ryan--a married man--leaving a gala event with a beautiful young woman from the company, with the headline "Who's That Girl?" Indeed, rumors about Ryan's philandering were starting to take on a harsher edge. Some people believed his secretary left because Ryan had sexually harassed her. Others believed a mailroom employee had been promoted to factory supervisor because of her affair with the CEO. Having warned Ryan several times about his alleged infidelities, the board is stuck. What should it do about Ryan's extracurricular behavior? Does Ryan's personal behavior even affect the company? Is what Ryan does outside the office the board's concern? In 99511 and 99511Z, commentators Freada Kapor Klein, Mitchell Kapor, Burke Stinson, Patrick Carnes, Daryl Koehn, and Lisa A. Mainiero offer advice on this fictional case study.

For the most part, Glamor-a-Go-Go's board has been thrilled with CEO Joe Ryan's performance. Ryan, after all, had transformed the private-label cosmetics company into a retail powerhouse with flashy outlets from New York to Los Angeles. In addition to saving the company from bankruptcy shortly after his arrival in 1992, Ryan had made Glamor-a-Go-Go a fun and exciting place to work, increasing workers' wages and creating boundless opportunities for anyone willing to work hard and think out of the box. He had also brought more women and people of color on board. And he had made many employees wealthy, with generous stock giveaways and options for the most senior employees down to the most junior. Glamor-a-Go-Go's stock price had grown tenfold during Ryan's tenure. But Ryan's personal affairs were beginning to call into question his leadership abilities. The local paper's gossip column recently ran a photo of Ryan--a married man--leaving a gala event with a beautiful young woman from the company, with the headline "Who's That Girl?" Indeed, rumors about Ryan's philandering were starting to take on a harsher edge. Some people believed his secretary left because Ryan had sexually harassed her. Others believed a mailroom employee had been promoted to factory supervisor because of her affair with the CEO. Having warned Ryan several times about his alleged infidelities, the board is stuck. What should it do about Ryan's extracurricular behavior? Does Ryan's personal behavior even affect the company? Is what Ryan does outside the office the board's concern? In 99511 and 99511Z, commentators Freada Kapor Klein, Mitchell Kapor, Burke Stinson, Patrick Carnes, Daryl Koehn, and Lisa A. Mainiero offer advice on this fictional case study.

For the most part, Glamor-a-Go-Go's board has been thrilled with CEO Joe Ryan's performance. Ryan, after all, had transformed the private-label cosmetics company into a retail powerhouse with flashy outlets from New York to Los Angeles. In addition to saving the company from bankruptcy shortly after his arrival in 1992, Ryan had made Glamor-a-Go-Go a fun and exciting place to work, increasing workers' wages and creating boundless opportunities for anyone willing to work hard and think out of the box. He had also brought more women and people of color on board. And he had made many employees wealthy, with generous stock giveaways and options for the most senior employees down to the most junior. Glamor-a-Go-Go's stock price had grown tenfold during Ryan's tenure. But Ryan's personal affairs were beginning to call into question his leadership abilities. The local paper's gossip column recently ran a photo of Ryan--a married man--leaving a gala event with a beautiful young woman from the company, with the headline "Who's That Girl?" Indeed, rumors about Ryan's philandering were starting to take on a harsher edge. Some people believed his secretary left because Ryan had sexually harassed her. Others believed a mailroom employee had been promoted to factory supervisor because of her affair with the CEO. Having warned Ryan several times about his alleged infidelities, the board is stuck. What should it do about Ryan's extracurricular behavior? Does Ryan's personal behavior even affect the company? Is what Ryan does outside the office the board's concern? In 99511 and 99511Z, commentators Freada Kapor Klein, Mitchell Kapor, Burke Stinson, Patrick Carnes, Daryl Koehn, and Lisa A. Mainiero offer advice on this fictional case study.