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A two-person negotiation exercise involving the potential sale of a small e-commerce company to a large company. The parties need to negotiate four issues: the number of shares in the deal, the vesting period for the shares, whether the seller will get a seat on the buyer's board, and the ownership of a potential liability against the seller.

It's tempting to save time and money by negotiating through e-mail, rather than in person or by phone. But new research finds that people can be contentious--even dishonest--when negotiating solely by e-mail.

Deals with the depletion of fish stocks in the late 1990s. Unilever, one of the biggest fish producers in the world, had a strong interest in finding a solution for this dilemma. Unilever decided to found the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). This council is run as a joint venture with the World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF). Provides detailed background of both Unilever and the WWF to understand their intentions. Describes the process of setting up the MSC and deals with the issues of stakeholder management. Interestingly, other environmental groups heavily criticized the WWF for joining forces with Unilever.

Two-party negotiation involving a bed and breakfast and an incoming coffee chain.

Two-party negotiation involving a bed and breakfast and an incoming coffee chain.

Ever since General Motors (GM) announced in February 1997 its intention to divest Delphi Automotive Systems--its upstream parts manufacturing operations--Wall Street had called for further unbundling, and various stakeholders competed for their claim of value represented by GM. The case presents GM's four options for the Delphi unit and raises valuation and governance issues regarding the remaining corporate assets. A rewritten version of an earlier case.

Summarizes contents of two full-length cases. The cases provide examples of two different approaches to managing complex multi-party negotiations with stakeholders. A rewritten version of an earlier case.

Introduces students to the challenging negotiations between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs. Explores interests, sources of negotiating power, barriers to reaching agreement, and common contractual terms. Describes how the parties try to reduce information asymmetries, align incentives, control decision making, and protect financial downside.

Intel has decided to locate its next assembly and testing plant in Latin America. Four countries have made the short list: Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Costa Rica. The Telford, International Site Selection Analyst for Intel, needs to recommend a final site. There are two key issues that must be resolved first: 1) what kind of business environment is most suitable to Intel's needs; and 2) how can Intel leverage its bargaining advantages most effectively. The case illustrates the advantages for a high-technology company such as Intel, with its strong need to operate in a country with stable, predictable rules of business, and to invest in a fully consolidated democracy.

A small start-up in 1993, Millennium Pharmaceuticals was a name-brand biotechnology company by the end of 1998, with a market capitalization of $1.4 billion. The Cambridge-based company's growth strategy had relied heavily on building alliances for early-stage drug discovery and licensing its gene-based technology.

Recounts two complex negotiations in which Netscape and Microsoft compete to win a browser contract with AOL--then later with KPMG. After reviewing the web and browser sectors, this case recounts AOL's dramatic negotiations with Netscape and with Microsoft over which firm's web browser would be used by the online service. A path-breaking deal was announced between AOL and Netscape to use Navigator as the "default" AOL browser, only to be undermined the next day by an AOL-Microsoft deal that designated Microsoft Explorer as the "preferred" AOL browser. The deal also put an AOL icon, the Windows desktop, the "world's most valuable cyber-real estate." Describes the first stages of a see-saw negotiation the following year in which Netscape and Microsoft were again competing, but this time for a major deal with KPMG. Concludes as KPMG has awarded the contract to Netscape with Microsoft still scrambling to get the business.

Supplements the (A) case.

The essence of effective persuasion and negotiation comes down to the ability to craft "frames." A frame orients a reader or listener. It provides the perspective we want the other party to adopt, a rationale for the evidence we present, and the sequential pattern for presenting that evidence. Building a frame consists of four basic steps: 1) Determine your specific objective; 2) Conduct a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis of the other party's current status; 3) Determine the other party's core values; and 4) Write a simple, vivid, evaluative statement linking the three sides. The frame must orient a decision-maker to assess information from the specific perspective that casts the most favorable light on your proposal.

Every company today exists in a complex web of relationships formed, one at a time, through negotiation. Purchasing and outsourcing contracts are negotiated with vendors. Marketing arrangements are negotiated with distributors. Product development agreements are negotiated with joint-venture partners. Taken together, the thousands of negotiations a typical company engages in have an enormous effect on both its strategy and its bottom line. But few companies think systematically about their negotiating activities as a whole. Instead they take a situational view, perceiving each negotiation to be a separate event with its own goals, tactics, and measures of success. Coordinating them all seems an overwhelming and impracticable job. In reality, the author argues, it is neither. A number of companies are successfully building coordinated negotiation capabilities by applying four broad changes in practice and perspective. First, they've established a companywide negotiation infrastructure to apply the knowledge gained from forging past agreements to improve future ones. Second, they've broadened the measures they use to evaluate negotiators' performance beyond matters of cost and price. Third, they draw a clear distinction between the elements of an individual deal and the nature of the ongoing relationship between the parties. Fourth, they make their negotiators feel comfortable walking away from a deal when it's not in the company's best interests. These changes aren't radical steps. But taken together, they will let companies establish closer, more creative relationships with suppliers, customers, and other partners.

In boom times, it is easy for managers to forget about risk. And not just financial risk, but organizational and operational risk as well. Now there's the risk exposure calculator, a new tool that will help managers determine exactly where and how much internal risk is mounting in their companies. The risk calculator is divided into three parts: The first set of "keys" alerts managers to the pressures that come from growth. Now that the company has taken off, are employees feeling increased pressure to perform? Is the company's infrastructure becoming overloaded? And are more new employees coming on board as the company rushes to fill positions? If the answer is yes to any one of those questions, then risk may be rising to dangerous levels. The second set of keys on the calculator highlights pressures that arise from corporate culture. Are too many rewards being given for entrepreneurial risk taking? Are executives becoming so resistant to bad news that no one feels comfortable alerting them to problems? And is the company's level of internal competition so high that employees see promotion as a zero-sum game? The final set of pressures, the author says, revolves around information management. When calculating these pressures, managers should ask themselves, what was the company's complexity, volume, and velocity of information a year ago? Have they risen? By how much? How much of the time am I doing the work that a computer system should be doing? High pressure on many or all of these points should set off alarm bells for managers. To control risk, managers have four levers of control at their disposal that will show them where they need to make organizational adjustments.

The dynamics of a linked series of internal and external negotiations involved in launching, growing, and selling a high-tech, Internet start-up are explored. Steve Perlman unfurled an impressive new technology, recruited a top technical and management team, secured seed capital, laid the groundwork for later stages of financing, initiated alliances with content and Internet service providers, maneuvered into negotiation with major consumer electronics players Sony and Philips (for manufacturing and distribution), and ultimately had to decide on his strategy for possibly selling the firm. WebTV provided a low-cost, easy-to-use set-top box that linked televisions to the Internet, allowing users instant web access.

The dynamics of a linked series of internal and external negotiations involved in launching, growing, and selling a high-tech, Internet start-up are explored. Steve Perlman unfurled an impressive new technology, recruited a top technical and management team, secured seed capital, laid the groundwork for later stages of financing, initiated alliances with content and Internet service providers, maneuvered into negotiation with major consumer electronics players Sony and Philips (for manufacturing and distribution), and ultimately had to decide on his strategy for possibly selling the firm. WebTV provided a low-cost, easy-to-use set-top box that linked televisions to the Internet, allowing users instant web access.

Faced with vexing financial challenges in 1993, British Aerospace (BAe) is determined to shed its loss-making automaker, Rover. It offers to sell its stake in Rover to Honda, Rover's partner since 1979, but Honda is reluctant to raise its stake in Rover. Meanwhile, BMW approaches BAe with a confidential bid to buy out Rover. This case places these developments within the context of the history of the British auto industry, Rover's heritage, evolution of the Honda-Rover partnership, and the rationale for BMW's interest in Rover. The case series describes subsequent developments.

Supplements the (A) case.

Supplements the (A) case.