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Traces changes in P&G's international strategy and structure, culminating in Organization 2005, a reorganization that places strategic emphasis on product innovation rather than geographic expansion and shifts power from local subsidiary to global business management. In the context of these changes introduced by Durk Jager, P&G's new CEO, Paolo de Cesare is transferred to Japan, where he takes over the recently turned-around beauty care business. Within the familiar Max Factor portfolio he inherits is SK-II, a fast-growing, highly profitable skin care product developed in Japan. Priced at over $100 a bottle, this is not a typical P&G product, but its successful introduction in Taiwan and Hong Kong has de Cesare thinking the brand has global potential. As the case closes, he is questioning whether he should take a proposal to the beauty care global business unit to expand into Mainland China and/or Europe.

This case engages students in a real decision context: an electric utility evaluates the opportunities in emissions trading. It exposes students to fast-changing markets for pollution credits and to the environmental and economic benefits thereof.

Maple Leaf Foods is a leading global food processing company with operations in Canada, the United States, Europe, and Asia. The CEO and vice-president of Six Sigma (an approach and methodology for eliminating defects in any process) embarks on a revolutionary journey in this previously change-resistant multinational food business to upgrade the firm's leadership capabilities. The project was rolled out to three of the 10 independent operating companies, and he must analyze the launch to determine whether it is on track and what can be done differently or better.

Global Traffic Inc. (GTI) is a U.S.-based sign manufacturer. The vice-president of the company must recommend a human resources strategy for possible entry in the Russian market. This involves developing a plan for an expatriate assignment, selecting and compensating personnel as well as coming up with training needs and outlining the organizational culture.

Paul Fletcher, CEO of CDC Capital Partners, a private equity group investing in the world's poorest countries, is wrestling with questions raised by the imminent reorganization of the firm. Previously an arm of the United Kingdom's international aid agency, CDC is becoming a public-private partnership, which requires that it refocus its efforts and rearrange its widespread portfolio into a form that outside investors will recognize. The proposed organization, separating government money from fund management, appears to solve a number of the problems from a strategic perspective, yet a host remain. Given the generally poor risk/return ratio of emerging market investing over the past decade, Fletcher and his executives must decide how they can position their organization to compete with other investment vehicles and still remain true to the mission of mobilizing capital to invest in poor countries.

Salesforce.com evolves from a fledgling start-up to a leader in the provision of Web-based management systems. Throughout its growth, the management team faced several strategic decisions, which resulted in the development of new products and the entry into new markets.

In 1997, Compaq Computer was locked in price competition with industry leader Dell. Although Compaq sought to escape difficulty by acquiring Digital Equipment Corp., a maker of more lucrative servers and minicomputers, in 1998 the simultaneous effort to remain a competitive PC maker while transforming itself into a full-service computer firm proved arduous.

Harlequin Enterprise, a well-known publisher of series romantic fiction, is facing threats to its leading position as the world's largest romance publisher, posed by the growing popularity of single-title, women's fiction novels. Harlequin was the dominant and very profitable producer of series romance novels, but research indicates that many customers are reading as many single-title romance and women's fiction books as series romances. Facing a steady loss of share in a growing total women's fiction market, Harlequin convened a task force to study the possibility of relaunching a single-title, women's fiction program.

Fashion retailer ZARA has achieved spectacular growth via a distinctive design-on-demand operating model. This case describes this model and outlines a number of challenges facing the company, with a particular emphasis on its international expansion. Includes color exhibits.

The National Parks Conservation Association seeks to help the U.S. National Park Service increase its efficiency by incorporating principles of business management so that American national parks will be better managed. Its efforts raise fundamental questions about the roles of government, firms, and nonprofits in a mixed capitalist economy as well as the appropriate differences in managerial practices across sectors.

Describes the sales, marketing, and operating issues facing Threshold Sports, a small cycling event management company that produces the Pro Cycling Tour. Examines the issues facing the company as it approaches breakeven and attempts to grow the business substantially. The company must balance its growth objectives with a series of internal and external challenges. These include expanding the event to more cities, selling more sponsorships, expanding the TV coverage, and developing new revenue streams.

DigaMem is a semiconductor firm with a promising new technology, but its CEO faces a difficult financing problem. He is considering issuing a new security: a floorless convertible bond, also known as a "toxic" convertible.

This case examines the equity options market and studies the major parties involved and the options trading process. It takes an in-depth look at the path taken by the International Securities Exchange as it entered a mature exchange industry and transformed itself into a major competitor. The concepts of liquidity and transaction costs are presented.

Brian Larcombe, CEO of 3i Group, one of the world's largest private equity firms and one of the few publicly listed ones, is deciding how best to use his firm's international network to deliver superior returns to shareholders. This case presents 3i's history and international strategy.

A major U.S.-based fast food company with extensive operations around the world was contemplating whether to enter the Korean market. The Korean fast food market was hit badly by the Asian economic crisis in the late 1990s, but the economy was turning around. Thus, fast food demand in Korea was expected to increase. For the industry analysis, this case provides information on various competitors, substitute foods, new entrants, consumers, and suppliers. Also includes social issues as potential forces.

Concerns the decision by Brett Keith and Owen Colligan to purchase Hudson Manufacturing, a maker of heaters and air filtration units for the military. Keith and Colligan have organized a search fund and identified Hudson as a potential buyout. The decline in the trucking market and potential environmental contamination, however, stand to stop the deal.

Chrysler and Daimler-Benz shareholders approved the largest corporate merger in history. After months of talks, the chairman of the German-based Daimler-Benz management board and the chairman and CEO of the U.S.-based Chrysler Corp. were preparing for when the two companies would officially combine forces to create the fifth largest automobile company in the world. These two managers were officially charged with the responsibility of amalgamating two enterprises that were vastly different from each other. Chrysler was known for its efficient production and economically priced vehicles. Daimler-Benz sold only luxury vehicles, and its reputation was based on craftsmanship, quality, and safety. Chrysler executives were in the habit of limiting business expenses; Daimler-Benz executives were not. Between the two companies, there were huge discrepancies in cultures, market segments, product lines, salaries, and attitudes. Aware of the excitement of their investors and the concern of their critics, the two leaders are expected to forge and promote the vision on which Daimler-Chrysler will base its future.

Describes the complex and challenging process by which social and environmental concerns are integrated into the existing strategy of a large, multinational firm. Details the circumstances leading up to a large-scale effort to transform Shell's strategy to take into account principles of sustainable development. This case describes corporate-level sustainable development initiatives and the process through which a comprehensive sustainable development strategy was initiated and developed.

In the spring of 2000, planners at Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART), the regional public transit agency serving the Dallas metropolitan area, had to decide whether to cancel or modify a poorly performing bus route serving the suburban cities of Garland and Rowlett. The route was typical of many that DART operated in the suburbs, so the decision raised basic questions about DART's strategy as a public agency, and particularly whether it could design suburban services that were useful and cost-effective enough to maintain the political and financial support it received from Dallas' suburbs. The fact that the route is performing so poorly-losing $27 per passenger, for example-encourages students to think about more radical service and political strategies for the agency. HKS Case Number 1696.0