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Luigi Lavazza SpA (Lavazza) was the largest coffee maker in Italy and the seventh-largest coffee roaster in the world. Despite its success in global markets, Lavazza was finding it difficult to make its mark in the United States. After establishing its North American subsidiary in 1989, Lavazza entered the US market in the 1990s with strategic partnerships with restaurants and hotels to cater to US consumers. But even as a strong global brand with thirty years of experience in the US market, Lavazza continued to struggle. As competition in the global coffee industry intensified, Lavazza could no longer afford to be complacent with its performance in the US markets, and it sought to increase its market share. However, Lavazza faced a key strategic decision: should it try to introduce US consumers to the "Italian way" of drinking espresso coffee, or should it create a new brand identity and a new portfolio of products that were more aligned with the tastes of US consumers?

By the end of 2020, Ambuja Cement Foundation, the corporate social responsibility arm of Ambuja Cements Ltd., based in Mumbai, India, had been uplifting its communities through social development goals for the past 25 years. The specific focus of its activities had been water harvesting, agriculture development skills training, health, and education. However, the foundation faced the consistent challenge of measuring the impact of its corporate social responsibility projects with reference to the social development goals selected by the company in terms of performance or improvement at the village level. In December 2020, the vice-president of Ambuja Cement Foundation needed to determine which measurement the foundation should use to measure the performance of its community development programs and its alignment with the social development goals. Should it go along with the existing measurement tools or adopt a new model to measure performance and impact?

Ivan and Lana Kuznetsov are a dual-career couple and parents to four young children. Having immigrated to Canada from Russia in 2012, they are both in the process of rebuilding their careers. Ivan already has what can be considered a successful career, with local credentials, experience, and a good professional network, but he is not quite satisfied and considers making a change. Lana's career in Canada is in its early stages. As a recent college graduate, she is only beginning to realize her dreams and is working in an entry-level part-time position. When Lana receives a full-time job offer that will require her full attention and energy, the couple need to decide whose career to prioritize, as one of them will have to focus on the family. Over a person's lifetime, multiple career choices are made that are also related to their other life roles. Each spouse has different reasons and motivations for the vocational choices they make that affect both of their actions throughout their lives. In a situation of conflicting goals, where both spouses cannot work full-time, and one of them has to make a sacrifice, each option has potential benefits and risks.

In March 2021, a group of junior investment banking analysts at the Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., an American multinational investment bank, told senior management that they were suffering burnout from having to work 100-hour weeks. Nearly a year since the start of the pandemic, this workplace culture crisis heightened the importance of senior leadership prioritizing employees' mental and physical health. In addition, it drew attention to the importance of person-organization fit and to the changing labour market. A top-ranked undergraduate business student recently received a full-time job offer from Goldman Sachs. After learning of critical incidents of employee burnout at the firm, she was considering whether the company culture aligned with her values and whether she would be a good fit there.

In December of 2020, the head of product development at QualityKiosk Technologies Private Limited (QualityKiosk) was grappling with a significant issue. QualityKiosk provided application quality assurance, business automation, digital experience management, and data analytics services to financial services companies across India. Krishna had to recommend the way forward for the company's latest product-Anabot, a new information technology (IT) journey analytics platform. The Anabot platform could provide its clients with quick insight about any IT incidents in the client's technology services. It also provided around-the-clock intelligence to the client's team handling those incidents. In its first year of sales, the customer journey analytics platform had been adopted by five major clients, generating over ₹20 million in revenues for QualityKiosk. However, between May and August 2020, none of over fifty potential clients who had expressed an interest in the Anabot product had proceeded to make a purchase. For the entire Anabot product team, anxiety was increasing about the future of their product. In an upcoming product review meeting with the company's chief executive officer, the head of product development would be required to present his recommendations for the future of the Anabot platform.

In January 2022, MitiMeth was a Nigeria-based innovative social enterprise that produces handcrafted products made from natural fibres-agricultural waste and aquatic weeds-that are otherwise considered to be waste or a hazard to the environment. MitiMeth added value to this material by transforming it into well-designed furniture and home furnishings, storage boxes, lamps, kitchen and dinner ware, stationery, and souvenir items. Mitimeth's initiative of transforming this environmental nuisance into marketable products provided work for more than 600 people from over twenty-five communities in Nigeria. Despite challenges in exporting from Nigeria, MitiMeth had made good progress in reaching international markets. MitiMeth had already gone through several challenges, and the COVID-19 pandemic only added to the difficulties the enterprise had experienced. Mitimeth needed a plan that ensured MitiMeth's long-term sustainability.

While India had made significant progress against diseases like polio and tetanus, the pandemic revealed marked differences in COVID-related illness and death among the country's most vulnerable. Urban-rural and other societal divides added to long-time disparities in access to health care, and public resources could be overwhelmed. Could a new national health plan and digital health mission allow India to innovate on health care, with the goal of creating high-quality affordable health care for all? This case explores a multi-stakeholder, collaborative approach to understanding and leveraging new technologies that could integrate a complex, fragmented health care system. This ambitious effort would involve harnessing mobile technologies and expanding broadband access to provide critical digital health solutions for India's large rural population. And this effort would capitalize on best practices and lessons elsewhere in the digital health ecosystem-allowing India to leapfrog the shortcomings of national health information systems that had emerged elsewhere in the world.

This case set is part of the Giving Voice to Values (GVV) curriculum. To see other material in the GVV curriculum, please visit http://store.darden.virginia.edu/giving-voice-to-values. Taylor is a senior product manager at Catalise, a start-up that develops artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic technology for mental health disorders. When Taylor is promoted to this position, her first project is to manage the launch of Catalisten, an AI-based software that diagnoses major depressive disorder by analyzing patients' speech patterns. Company leaders expect Catalisten to be the company's new blockbuster product and expedite its launch to ensure a competitive advantage. As Taylor onboards onto the Catalisten team, she learns that the product, which is nearly complete, misdiagnoses female patients at significantly higher rates than male patients. When Taylor raises the concern to a team member, she is pushed to "bury" the algorithm's discrepancy in order to protect the product launch time line. In this A case, Taylor's challenge is to convince Catalise's chief product officer to delay Catalisten's launch to address the AI software's gender bias. This case set is intended for use at the MBA level in courses in business innovation, entrepreneurship, engineering, technology product development, tech ethics, and leadership and ethics. It could be taught to advanced undergraduates who have developed a foundation in GVV, ethical decision-making, or computer science.

In 2022, Manuel Wiechers, the CEO of Iluméxico, a for-profit social enterprise that provided off-grid solar energy services in rural Mexico, was finalizing his presentation for the company's upcoming board meeting. In the 12 years since Wiechers had co-founded Iluméxico, the company had scaled significantly largely due to government subsidies. However, the company's outlook changed drastically in recent years, as the government's programs that had supported Iluméxico's expansion and service delivery had been paused. Wiechers needed to decide what Iluméxico should do: should they double down on a new government bid that had unexpectedly resurfaced and borrow to finance the implementation of this potentially massive contract? Or should Iluméxico scrap the business-to-government (B2G) model altogether and focus on growing a profitable business-to-customer (B2C) business, perhaps by offering new services, like Internet access, to some of their existing customers? Or should they instead put Mexico on pause and expand in other countries where governments supported off-grid solar power? The future of his company was at stake, as was the energy access of tens of thousands of the most marginalized families in Mexico.

In October 2020, just a year after founding their company Meaningful Gigs, founders Ronnie Kwesi Coleman and Stephanie Nachemja-Burton prepared for a vital investment meeting with Rethink Education. They had already reached $400,000 in annually recurring revenue (ARR) on their mission to connect American companies with skilled freelance digital designers in Africa and were committed to developing an upskilling platform to nurture their designers' growth. However, early advice from advisors and investors cautioned Ronnie and Stephanie to focus on marketplace growth. The team needed to decide if their upskilling product was worth the investment now or if they should focus on sales and engineering of their marketplace in this round of investments. Furthermore, given the founders' ambitions to turn Meaningful Gigs into a $1 Billion revenue company, was Rethink the right capital partner for them or should they target a more traditional venture capital fund?

In 2022, the leaders of In-Q-Tel (IQT) considered what was next for the unique mission-driven organization. Since 1999, IQT had one mission: to be the most sophisticated source of strategic technical knowledge and capabilities to the U.S. government and its allies. IQT played a dual role for the national security community: to both inform the Intelligence Community (IC) with technology insights and to deliver cutting-edge capabilities. Its technical team identified sectors of interest, followed by investment professionals engaging with companies that had promising applications for the U.S. government. Recent years had seen an expansion of IQT's activities through a growing team of in-house technologists, international expansion, "situational awareness" reports, new a new program help federally funded researchers commercialize promising solutions. In the context of rapidly changing (and increasingly intertwined) technology and geopolitical landscapes, the IQT team had several big questions to consider: What was the right scope and complexity for the organization? IQT had expanded office geographies and activities, but IQT faced increased requests from government partners - such as countering offers to U.S. technology companies from foreign acquirers. What was the appropriate portfolio risk? Success for IQT went beyond just financial returns - but IQT needed to find a tolerable balance of potential failure. Lastly, how could the organization recruit the right talent to accommodate this growth? Recruiting and retaining talent was increasingly difficult in a competitive labor market.

In this case, students take on the role of the president of Kansas State University (K-State), a public university located in Manhattan, Kansas. In response to an offensive tweet from a university student, many Black athletes at K-State are demanding action be taken against the student, saying they will not participate in any sporting events until something is done. Other stakeholders at the school are opposed to the athletes' actions, arguing in defense of free speech. A public response cannot be delayed any longer. Acting as the president of the university, students must decide what to do. Students are therefore asked to read the case in class and immediately write down their answers to questions about how they view the students' demands, about what the university president should decide and do, and about how best to communicate with the various key stakeholders. Ultimately, whatever is done next will be highly scrutinized and will likely have long-lasting consequences for the athletics department, the university as a whole, and the president's and potentially others' individual reputations. This makes the case useful for helping students simulate real-time, concrete decision-making about difficult situations with major implications.

This case explores the accounting treatment of revenue recognition for a biopharmaceutical company in the life sciences sector, HUTCHMED (China) Limited (HCM, HKEx: 13, NASDAQ: HCM). As a subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings Limited (CK Hutchison, HKEx: 1), HCM operated to discover, develop, and commercialize "targeted therapies" and "immunotherapies" for the treatment of patients with cancer and immunological diseases. Founded in 2000, HCM was initially a pioneer in discovering drugs aimed at creating novel therapies in China. Over the past fifteen years, HCM had created numerous drug candidates. These successes in discovering drugs had led to some collaborations with leading global pharmaceutical companies such as AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly. Due to the business model of life science companies, commonly with the extensive use of license and collaborative arrangements with external parties, the accounting for revenue is particularly complex. Through the case, students will grapple with some practical questions. For instance, what were those specific traits as in HCM's business model? Upon identification of the traits, students will be asked about how each of these traits had impacted HCM's accounting policy on revenue recognition. In addition, what were the financial implications attributable to such accounting policy as adopted by HCM?

In 2021, when GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited was the second largest global polysilicon manufacturer. It made and sold polysilicon in mainland China used in the production of solar energy equipment. In September 2019, GCL-Poly's wholly-owned and major subsidiary, Jiangsu Zhongneng Polysilicon was engaged in an engineering, procurement and construction contract (EPC Contract) valued at CNY1.9bn (USD0.3bn). The EPC Contract involved a granular silicon project and engaged a state-owned enterprise (SOE) lead contractor and a subcontractor. But the majority of the holding company's directors claimed they were unaware of this EPC Contract and the contract sum, and they did not announce it to the public and the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK). The company's former auditors, Deloitte, raised concerns on the commercial rationale of the EPC Contract, including the validity of the prepayment of CNY510m (USD79.8m) made to the lead contractor. Due to outstanding audit issues and resignation of Deloitte, the company did not release its annual results for year-end 31 December 2020 by the 31 March 2021 deadline. On 1 April 2021, the company's shares were suspended from trading. After the company terminated the EPC contract, on 26 April 2021, the company received a refund from the lead contractor at CNY495.28m (USD77.5m) for the prepayment. The EPC Contract and the prepayment were approved by Jiang Wenwu, the former ED of GCL-Poly's holding company and GM of Jiangsu Zhongneng. According to Jiangsu Zhongneng's relevant internal policy, Jiang also breached the company's internal policy. At the end of October 2021, the SEHK accepted GCL-Poly forensic accountant's report, internal control recommendation, and the new auditor's financial results. The company's shares resumed trading and SEHK and other regulatory bodies did not take disciplinary action towards the company.

Desi Hangover, an Indian company empowering artisans to manufacture handcrafted leather footwear, was a finalist at Lakmé Fashion Week in 2020 in the category of Circular Changemakers. The chief executive officer had a dream of establishing his company as a leading circular economy fashion brand, and now he had a chance to pitch his vision of the future. But his core team had reservations and worried about the cost and risk of transitioning fully to a circular model. Considering the journey Desi Hangover had taken since its inception, the changing needs of the market, and the unpredictability of the business economy, Desi Hangover had to come up with the right pitch for the event-one that would continue on the path to conscious fashion while ensuring growth in revenues to sustain operations.

Beginning with an ambitious, lean start-up effort in the highly competitive restaurant industry in Auckland, New Zealand, a husband-and-wife team built a small empire of successful fine dining Indian restaurants. Then came the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, which exposed their extreme vulnerability to external forces and the subsequent volatility of the restaurant industry. Their quick pivot to launching a line of Indian sauces for home cooks, Cassia at Home, was an instant success. As the couple contemplated different paths to recovery from the pandemic disruption, they wondered how they should expand their newest business into a sustaining brand and what the future of the existing restaurants would look like. Should they continue to expand the new retail business, abandon the move into manufacturing and broader distribution, or even focus on reviving their existing restaurant businesses? An earlier version of the case was awarded Second Place in the 2021 John Molson Business Ownership Case Writing Competition sponsored by the Bob & Raye Briscoe Centre in Business Ownership Studies, John Molson School of Business, Concordia University.

In January 2021, the Japanese fashion company Uniqlo was accused of using forced labour in its supply chains. Various news reports had been claiming that Uyghur Muslims were being detained and forced to work on cotton farms, production factories, and processing facilities in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The United States Customs and Border Protection claimed that Uniqlo was not able to fully demonstrate that its products and inputs were manufactured without use of forced labour or modern slavery in Xinjiang, China and issued a Withhold Release Order to detain Uniqlo's shipment of cotton garments. Uniqlo's attempts to dispute the allegations and overturn the WRO were unsuccessful. The company had to find a way to ensure transparency and uphold traceability across all streams of its value chain activity. But how could Uniqlo ensure ethical sourcing for all aspects of its products, given limited oversight over suppliers and subcontractors? Was cotton traceability a viable and feasible option? How could Uniqlo ensure the compliance all key actors in its value chain streams, across tiers of suppliers and layers of subcontractors?

In January 2022, Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) announced the acquisition of Activision Blizzard, Inc. (Activision) for US$68.7 billion. With a growing franchise of games, and with Microsoft's apparent ambitions for the games console market, Activision was an attractive acquisition target. Activision owned some of the most popular games in the world and had a $54 billion market value in 2020. The acquisition would also take Microsoft a step closer to expansion into the metaverse, where-along with the cloud gaming and video game software industries-it hoped to gain an edge. However, gaming was a small part of Microsoft's business. So why had Microsoft pursued the acquisition? What advantages did Microsoft see in it? And what would the move mean for Sony Interactive Entertainment (Sony), the market leader in the video games industry? Finally, how should Microsoft address the allegations of harassment and other employee complaints that had arisen at Activision and set right the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues that had arisen at Activision?

In January 2020, Philippe Isler, director of the Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation (Alliance), was preparing for the Alliance's steering group meeting that spring. He needed to set forth a plan on how to scale Alliance operations to deliver on current and proposed projects. The Alliance had only three years left in its current funding cycle, and a long list of projects to complete. Isler knew that meeting the funding governments' expectations with the current structure would be a challenge for the Alliance. He thus faced a complex organizational design challenge and had to reflect how to develop the efficiency of the Alliance. Isler considered three options to scale Alliance operations: growing organically, adding several arms-length implementing partners, and adding a new implementing partner into the Alliance secretariat. Alternatively, he could dial back the Alliance's current growth plans.