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McKay Nursery Co., founded in 1897 in Waterloo, Wisconsin, had a longstanding history of commitment to employees. The close-knit organization was a pioneer in the agricultural industry of several employee-friendly policies. But in the early 1980s, as McKay's owners grew older and senior management neared retirement, the next generation of managers feared for the future of the profitable, debt-free company. Middle manager Griff Mason and his colleagues were concerned McKay might become the target of a hostile takeover, which would move the company out of the community that had supported it for nearly a century. They wondered what they might do to keep the company in Waterloo and continue to retain its employees, nearly half of whom were migrant workers.

The Common Fund, a nonprofit consortium of educational institutions, is deciding whether to create a fund of hedge funds for its members, and if it does, which hedge fund managers to select.

Seeking to dispose of an outmoded oil drilling platform in the North Sea, Shell finds itself confronted by Greenpeace and other environmentalists. The protesters land 12 people onto the rig and initiate media coverage of their "occupation." The case follows the events during the spring and summer of 1995, focusing on the United Kingdom and Continent countries. Students are confronted with the need to recommend communication approaches and actions at various stages of the developments.

Midnight Networks, Inc., is a small computer network validation company. This case describes how the five founders built their business from operations earnings and how they established "best practices" operational processes to run their firm successfully. Operational processes include developing a company procedures manual and assigning topics to specific people to maintain procedures; cross-training every employee in support and sales functions; employees entering weekly tasks and accomplishments on an online whiteboard that the whole company can view; group reviews of computer code for quality; performance reviews done by a committee of supervisor and peers. The company grows quickly, and a larger firm offers to buy it. Midnight Networks also has been considering going public. The founder must decide whether to go public or sell the firm to continue its growth.

In 1985, Yla Eason was shocked by her young son's comment that he could never be a "superhero" because all superheroes were white. Concerned that her son had already limited his aspirations as a result of his race, she searched futilely for an African-American superhero doll. The Harvard MBA soon realized that she had found an important unmet need--and a potential untapped market. Within months, Eason had conducted market research, secured investors, and created a prototype African-American superhero doll for her new company, Olmec Toys. She approached the major toy store buyers to pitch her product, only to find an unreceptive, skeptical audience. Buyers responded that if ethnically correct dolls were in demand, the big toy manufacturers would already have manufactured them. How can Eason open buyers' eyes to the shifting market and inherent business opportunity?

A small company in the graphic arts business faces severe price competition. The company must respond by cutting costs and making process improvements.

An example of how policies about budgeting and resource decisions are commonly misallocated is presented.

In 1988, USG was the world's largest gypsum producer and one of the world's largest building-products companies. On May 2, 1988, USG's board of directors announced a proposed leveraged recapitalization plan to thwart a hostile cash tender offer by Desert Partners. With only one week remaining before the tender offer was scheduled to expire, shareholders must decide whether to tender their shares or wait and vote in favor of the recapitalization plan.

Studio Realty created an "electronic open house" technology, by which home buyers sitting in a comfortable setting, could tour a home, viewing its rooms, its exterior, and surroundings, by clicking on digital images. Studio Realty attempted to sell or license its system to realtors, but found that none were interested. Ultimately, its owners had to establish their own real estate agency in order to create demand for the technology. The case closes with the question of whether homes can be sold with this technology over the Internet.

Bill Kenerson, the owner-operator of a retail bow-tie business faces two decisions. The first is whether to bring production of bow ties in-house. The second concerns his telephone-order- entry system. The case invites students to calculate the capacity of the production facility and determine the appropriate staffing plan for telephone operators.

Carol Wittenberg's first major task as president of the Asia/Pacific business for Parker's Biscuits is to set up a joint venture to manufacture biscuits in China. The team that Wittenberg has put together to find a joint venture partner has narrowed the choice down to two quite different Chinese enterprises. One partner is larger, has broader product lines, and offers a better estimated financial payback on the investment. The other appears to be much more open to Parker's manufacturing management methods. Either choice will represent the company's largest single investment in a joint venture to date.

On April 17, 1994, Kidder, Peabody & Co. announced a $350 million charge against earnings resulting from the discovery of false trading profits. That same day, the termination of Joseph Jett's employment with the company was made public. By illustrating the mechanics of bond accounting, this case describes the trading strategy that led to the creation of false profits. Failures of internal control are also discussed. The case ends by asking who was to blame.

Trinity College was an elite, private, liberal-arts college of some 1,800 students located in Hartford, CT. When Tom Gerety was chosen as Trinity's 17th president in 1989, he pledged to stay for ten years. Now less than five years at the job, Gerety announced he was resigning to become president at Amherst. For Alfred Koeppel, the chairman of Trinity's Board of Trustees, Gerety's decision could not have come at a worse time. The college was about to announce a $100 million capital campaign. Its number two position, the dean of the faculty, was vacant and Trinity's initiative to redevelop its urban neighborhood had just started. In addition to these difficulties, Gerety's defection to Amherst was doubly painful because Trinity considered Amherst a direct rival for students and reputation. This case discusses the development of Gerety and Koeppel's relationship, the unfinished business that Gerety leaves behind at the time of his resignation, the anger and feelings of betrayal on campus, and the search for interim and permanent president. Written from board chairman Koeppel's perspective and highlights the many roles and duties a board chairman might have to assume in a crisis.

Symantec includes acquisition of entrepreneurial companies as part of its growth strategy. This case examines the motivation for each party to engage in the transaction and focuses on how Symantec manages the process of the acquisition, from the initial "prospecting" to the final "integration." Examines the specific examples of the acquisitions of Dynamic Microprocessors Associates and Contact Software. Documents the motives of Symantec and the entrepreneurial companies to do the acquisition. Describes the major difficulties in the process. Also documents Symantec's method of valuation.

Rogers Communications, Inc., Canada's largest cable television provider, is deciding how it should respond to developments that appear to portend the convergence of its industry with the computing and telecommunications industries. In particular, it is investigating how it should test the market for high-speed Internet access via cable modem. This case describes decisions that need to be made to bring this service to market in a suburb of Toronto.

The Historical Society of Pennsylvania (HSP) runs one of the nation's most important research libraries and a museum focusing on colonial history. Financial analysis shows that the society has absorbed increased costs of operation over the past decade through slow but steady depletion of its endowment and deferment of capital investments. Now the board is faced with three options: 1) continue to operate both the research library and the museum on a dwindling resource base; 2) continue to operate the research library, but deaccess the museum, using proceeds to fortify the research library; and 3) continue to operate the research library, but turn over the artifact collection to a new Philadelphia-wide museum to be created in collaboration with three other organizations.

In 1996, IKEA's $5 billion in revenues made it the world's largest retailer of home furnishings. This case uses IKEA to analyze how large companies can retain their entrepreneurial roots and innovative capacities through various means, including the management of global networks of alliances, internal systems that encourage innovation, and a strong corporate culture. IKEA has extended its activities as an innovator through its incorporation of the Natural Step framework for assessing the ecological and social sustainability of commercial activity. The case lends itself to class discussions on entrepreneurship and innovation in large firms, environmentally responsible strategies and network ties, leadership, and corporate culture/values.

The Mexico City office of a large U.S. bank is asked by clients to develop currency swaps, a derivative financial product. This case deals with the new product development process in financial services, and the problems and issues that are raised in product development in a volatile environment.

In May 1996, Henry Bower, an asset manager for a real estate adviser, Medcem, has to negotiate the details of a lease after signing a letter of intent with a high technology company, Defentek, Inc. Defentek, Inc. is a fast-growing company with limited net worth that is dependent on the government as a government contractor. Defentek, Inc. would be taking a large block of space in a recently acquired Class A suburban office building outside of Washington, D.C., which has had a history of problem tenants in a problem market that is now somewhat improving. Henry must determine a negotiating strategy and take a position on the various issues raised by the tenant and the tenant's lawyer.

A regional United Way organization, a nonprofit already active in total quality management, implements a Balanced Scorecard to link its strategic planning objectives with day-to-day operations, and is able to translate its vision and strategy into objectives and measures in four perspectives: financial, customer (donor), internal processes, and learning and growth (employees and system). In addition to the Balanced Scorecard's role in setting objectives and priorities for the nonprofit's employees, the case raises the issue of whether and how the nonprofit's board should be involved with developing and using the Balanced Scorecard.