個案總覽

In November 2019, almost a year after it went public, Tencent Music Entertainment Group ("TME") announced its third quarter financial results. Market investors had had high expectations for TME since it was the strategic music arm spun out by Tencent Holdings Limited ("Tencent"), one of the world's most valuable technology, gaming and social media companies. When TME made its debut on the New York Stock Exchange in late 2018, many individual investors were mystified by its "music-centric social entertainment" business model. Was it just the Chinese version of Spotify, which operated the world's most popular music app? Or was it a truly different business model which might generate more lucrative and diversified business revenue than its international counterparts? Some market analysts and investors also wondered if TME presented a more attractive investment opportunity than similar music streaming platforms in the world, including the global leader Spotify. As the global and domestic market became more competitive, how could TME sustain its competitive advantage by leveraging its synergies with Tencent's dominant position in social networking? Would TME's atypical music and social entertainment business model be easily replicated by its industry rivals or adopted beyond the music industry? What role would music streaming platforms play in driving the growth of the music industry and how would it affect the ecosystem of the global entertainment industry?

With the globalization of wine, the wine industry in Portugal has experienced a major shift from a local to a global focus over the last 30 years. Quinta do Vallado, one of the major players in that process, has seen exports double (to account for 40% of revenues) and a 10-fold increase in foreign markets (from 5 in 2000 to 48 in 2020). The case sets out the different choices facing the estate in 2020 as it looks to achieve further growth while staying loyal to the vineyard's heritage in a volatile world.

The case examines the focus of an early stage company, and how an unexpected external incidence can threaten or void the business model. It encompasses issues such as minimal viable product, defining and pivoting a business model, organizational requirements for a pivot, investor relations, disruptive business models, as well as business conduct in continental Europe. In 2017, Dr. Torben Antretter, a former competitive tennis player and academic researcher, founded RightNow with his two co-founders. RightNow was set out to provide consumers with "Justice-as-a-Service" by purchasing their legal claims that they would not pursue otherwise. Just one year after its inception, the company had closed a €25 million financing to increase its market share and leverage further growth opportunities. Upon closing of this financing round, matters took a sudden and unexpected turn when the National Supreme Court announced a ruling that airlines were no longer required to refund flight tickets. This decision wiped out RightNow's profit margins. Antretter and his co-founders had to decide what they should do with the business. How should the founders approach investors? Should they quit and walk away from their entrepreneurial dream or try to reinvent the business with a different focus? What would be the strategy going forward?

In September 2019, the founder of Carmien Tea, based in South Africa's Western Cape province, faced a dilemma. Her company, founded in 1998, was a producer and supplier rooibos tea, which was unique to the mountainous area north of Cape Town. After a new South African government was elected in 1994, the deregulation of the agricultural industry enabled the founder to start a rooibos export company. This political environment and the founder's entrepreneurial orientation shaped both the firm's origins and its early internationalization. As 98 per cent of the company's sales were being exported and 84 per cent were still sold as bulk, the founder needed to determine whether the company had the resources and capabilities to ensure that the Carmien Tea brand and its value-added sales would grow in an increasingly competitive international environment. Where should she begin?

Facebook, the world's largest social media company, boasted a worldwide reach with over 140 million companies using the Facebook app, 100 billion messages shared every day, and 70 international offices. With such reach and efficient ability to communicate to people instantly, the company had the potential to be used to sabotage the validity of information consumed daily and even threaten American democracy. This case is about the challenging business decisions that Facebook experienced in response to government and organizations' pressure for more regulations. Government pressure to regulate Facebook's political ads grew prevalent after it became public knowledge that foreign governments (particularly Russia's) manipulated social media to influence the 2016 elections. Russian political actors used a comprehensive set of tools to infiltrate public debates, hack confidential emails of campaign staff, and systematically manipulate Facebook and Twitter to spread misinformation to specific demographics of voters. While Russian operatives strategically targeted their false messages, Facebook and Twitter did not have sufficient mechanisms to prevent the impact of fake news. Students will explore the role of social media companies in regulating political speech and the potential for the spread of misinformation.

This three-part case study is about Anu, a young Singaporean MBA graduate. Part A begins with Anu's story when she relocates to start work at her dream job at Tech-edu in Denmark. Soon after, she picks up cues that make her suspect that things are not quite right at the company. Tech-edu's founder and CEO, Sofia Vilkner, was an old and dear school friend, and the state-of-the-art learning platform that the firm was developing had appeared very promising with investors already putting in funds amounting to US$3 million. However, Anu is hearing rumours from the other team members and investors that the firm does not deliver what it promises. While she continues to have faith in the start-up and its CEO, she is beginning to have some doubts. Are there red flags she is missing out on? What should she do? In Part B, Anu decides to probe further and starts talking to people to find out what is going on. She also meets with Sophia, the CEO, to raise her concerns. Sophia denies any wrongdoing. Anu's immediate boss, Eric, manages to provide more information about what the firm is doing and its future plans, and Anu's suspicions are temporarily assuaged. Part C reveals how Anu is abruptly fired from her job and has to return to Singapore.

The case is set in mid-2015, as Vodien Internet Solutions' founders Alvin Poh and John Jervis Lee consider their company's journey from a small-business serving web design and development studio to a full-fledged web hosting company, which now aspires to become the dominant player in the Asian market. Vodien began in 2002 as a business dreamed up by two enterprising university students that built its customer base by advertising online. It pivoted in 2006 to phase out time-intensive client design solutions by focusing on web hosting. Six years had passed since Vodien had become a fully realised Asia-based hosting and support company. The future of the company is tied to scaling up its operations and making the hires needed to fuel its growth - a far cry from the bootstrapped, two-man operation that it had started with. But Poh and Lee are wary of bringing more players to the game. Vodien needs the capital to expand, and they have, up to that point, run a lean business, directly re-investing profits into the company (both founders drew low salaries so that the company would have greater financial resources). As they consider their options, whatever they choose, a measurable return on investment is crucial for the good of the company. Expanding into new countries requires aggressive, experimental moves that are capital intensive. The duo could: 1) reinvest their own capital, drawing into their personal funds, 2) take on more debt as a company, 3) sell out to a private equity fund, or 4) merge with an existing web hosting company. What would be the most appropriate choice, and how would they arrive at the right decision?

As an e-commerce logistics manager at the national grocery store chain TrixMag, Jim Vector was continually seeking efficiency improvements in the company's supply chain. Following positive trends in the online grocery segment, Vector was specifically exploring the idea of upgrading parts of TrixMag's intralogistics warehouse system for more efficient throughput. Well versed in the growing world of e-commerce, Vector knew that TrixMag's warehouses would soon be experiencing tremendous consumer pressures. Competition was also mounting: if Vector's segment could not reduce costs, TrixMag would not have the capabilities to maintain the low prices that consumers continually demanded. It had become clear that if Vector did not act soon, TrixMag's market share would begin to deteriorate.

In 2018, the group president of Sapna Book House, operating in two South India states, was determined to take the family business to the next growth level. However, he was concerned about the threats and challenges posed by a rapidly changing competitive environment. As a third generation entrepreneur, he had executed some of the initiatives planned by his father and uncles, and had upgraded the technology to reach existing and new technology-savvy customers. His future plan was to increase the number of stores fivefold by 2020 and make the company a global brand. He believed that adding professional employees, rather than only family members, to the management team of the business was the only way to ensure the massive expansion and growth that would enable the top management family members to focus on strategic decisions and business resources, while allowing professionals to carry out routine tasks. Another issue of concern was how to raise funds from external sources to support his plan for growth, which most family members opposed.

This short case challenges students to review an array of corporate financial metrics and to match them to one of 13 listed industries. As such, students must use their intuition and common sense pertaining to the distinctive characteristics of, and the key differences between, the 13 named industries, and then identify the financial metrics that are most indicative of those traits.

Galen is a start up company in the field of MRI imaging striving to compete with Philips, GE and Siemens. The protagonist, Mr. Wong needs to develop up a business strategy and an irresistible offer to attract Dr. Comstad, a leading scientist in the field, and other co-creation partners to cooperate with a small start up company. The case illustrates the advantage of co-creation business models over in-house solutions especially with regards to R&D and product development. It unveils the reasons for both companies and partners to engage in cooperation.

Michael Ku joined Pfizer in 2011, after the company had undergone three large-scale mergers and acquisitions. His mission was to drive the digital transformation of the company's clinical supply chain, but he knew he had to start with the culture. Over the next eight years, Ku and his leadership team put in place the culture, talent, structure, and processes necessary to prime the clinical supply chain for digital transformation. By 2019, the clinical supply chain had made significant progress toward becoming the agile, innovative organization necessary to support Pfizer's new ambition to focus exclusively on developing innovative medicines and vaccines. Ku knew there was more to be done before they could maximize their digital and innovation efforts. He had asked his leadership team to come up with a proposal to improve decision-making in the organization.

Frustrated with the available means of working out while travelling, the three founders of PikoGym, a start-up out of Erlangen, Germany, had the idea to build a workout device that allowed users to train anywhere and everywhere. The lightweight and compact solution would be combined with a progressive web application to facilitate customers meeting up for workouts, provide motivation, and build community. PikoGym would be entering a growing but highly competitive and relatively fragmented market. Although competitors' solutions were similar to PikoGym's, they lacked the versatility and comfort offered by the latter. The three entrepreneurs wanted to ensure that their intellectual property (IP) management strategy aligned with their business goals and long-term plans for the company's success.

Be Well Hospitals - a multi-specialty secondary healthcare chain of hospitals is set up in the suburbs, industrial towns and district headquarters of the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The hospital chain co-founded by Dr. C.J.Vetrievel in 2011, fulfills the need of quality healthcare services in secondary healthcare market segment. They provide access to high-quality primary and secondary healthcare services at affordable price to the semi-urban and rural population through their chain of multi-specialty hospitals. In the four and half years, since its founding, Be Well has set up eight hospitals with a combined capacity of more than 280 beds and has treated close to 500,000 patients. The case describes Be Well's extensive programs to achieve service excellence by building a high-quality healthcare delivery system using standard operating procedures (SOPs) in both clinical and non-clinical operations. It provides detailed information on the genesis of the service excellence initiative, the data collection system to understand key operating parameters, converting operating goals into procedures, and the implementation challenges across multiple locations of a multi-specialty tertiary care hospital. The case deals with a leadership challenge of extending the system of controls in both clinical and non-clinical operations while trying to balance it with the need for motivation among both internal employees and contracting doctors. A complicating factor is the accreditation process that the hospital chain is trying to pass which would extend its market reach and strengthen the brand. The top management of the chain needs to decide on the institutionalization of standard operating procedures and metrics, tying them to incentives and compensation systems ,and adding a Health Management Information System to achieve its service excellence goals. And, it wants to ensure that operational excellence does not compromise the patient experience.

Established in 2012, Youth4Jobs (Y4J) was a not-for-profit organization that served the disabled community, particularly youth, by providing them with market-oriented skills and livelihoods. Meera Shenoy, its Founder and CEO, and the core team of Y4J had previous experience in the skill development and placement of rural youth. However, they quickly discovered that dealing with disabled youth required a totally different approach. The case describes their experiences, the lessons learned and how they evolved their model for Y4J. The case outlines how Y4J became involved in the entire value chain of disability inclusion: education at the school and college levels, imparting skills to increase the employability of disabled youth, and placing them in a wide range of jobs and companies by sensitizing and supporting employers. Within a period of six years, Y4J had grown phenomenally and had a presence across the country. However, given the prevalence of disability in India and the fact that approximately 7-8 million of the disabled population were in the age group of 20-39, Shenoy believed that Y4J had to further enhance its reach to support as many people with disabilities (PwD) as possible. At a visioning workshop in August 2018, Shenoy and key stakeholders of Y4J brainstormed on the way forward for the organization and came up with several strategic options for increasing its impact. Shenoy had the difficult task of choosing among these options and setting the future direction of Y4J. The choices were replicating the model, creating a knowledge hub, and building and empowering the network. Shenoy was also concerned about how to build the requisite capacity to effectively implement those strategies without compromising on the values that had guided Y4J from its inception.

Huemen was a new men's cosmetics start-up founded in mid-2018 by two business students. In 2018, the market for men's makeup was in its infancy. Stigmas and stereotypes dominated ideas about men investing in their appearance, but the founders believed that cosmetics created for male-type skin could improve the confidence of those who chose to use it. Huemen's go-to-market strategy and positioning would be pivotal to success. The founders and their team scheduled a meeting with an entrepreneur-in-residence at the business school, a seasoned marketing expert with strong corporate and entrepreneurial experience to consider how to position Huemen in a novel market.

The case "Wild Herbs Grow Tall - Mastering Structural Change in Lusatia" describes how entrepreneur Christina Grätz carves out a niche in the re-cultivation of landscapes in post-mining areas in her native region of Lusatia in Eastern Germany. After having established a thriving B2B business with wild herbs, she explores the possibility of entering the B2C market with a new business line. After several iterations and pivoting, she and her partners set up an online platform for direct web-based sales of organic herbal salts. However, the new company shows a lackluster performance - potentially due to the lack of experience in the online B2B marketing strategy.

Sam Washington is a young single mother looking to get back into the workforce six months after giving birth to her daughter, Kiki. Sam has lined up an interview for a secretarial position at Glass & Duvall, an accounting firm. The A case covers the morning of the interview from Sam's perspective, including details about what she does in the waiting room as well as her actual answers to the interviewer. Sam leaves the interview hopeful that she will get the offer. The B case details the following day when Sam gets a phone call from the interviewer, Marva Thompson, who asks Sam to come in for a follow-up meeting. Sam is very excited and rushes over, only to find out that Marva really called her in to give her feedback about her interview, not to offer her the job. Marva recognizes that Sam did not have an accurate idea of the expectations of working in a corporate setting, and she wants to provide constructive criticism to help Sam perform better in her next interview.

This case focuses on how to think about personal and business ethical dilemmas. The case presents three ethical dilemmas: two hypothetical scenarios presented to Kiara in her ethics class, and one real situation in her personal life. While dilemmas one and two may be unethical but legal, dilemma three involves an actual crime. Kiara has been working as a cosmetologist at her aunt's salon for three years, and she has just discovered illegal business activity there.