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In 2014, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) had just taken over operations of the Delhi Airport Metro (DAM), which connected the Indira Gandhi International Airport to the New Delhi railway station. However, high capital expenditures, excess operational expenditures, and low ridership meant that the concessionaire, which had been operating since 2011 on a public-private partnership model, was continuously reporting losses and therefore decided to quit the project in June 2013. When project operations were transferred to the DMRC, the metro's overall capacity utilization was a very low 5 per cent and the line had few riders and operational losses. The DMRC's director of operations had the challenging task of making the DAM operationally viable. There were several available options. Should he consider rationalizing the fares; increasing ridership by connecting the Delhi Metro Airport Express Line to passenger hubs; improving the amenities or attractions at the metro stations; or offering hassle-free travel for different groups of customers?

After the former chief executive officer (CEO) of U.S.-based Starbucks started to voice his political opinions in September 2016, both Starbucks and the CEO faced backlash. As the CEO and former chairman of a large company, he may have felt entitled to voice his opinion as an individual voter. However, public backlash-from both sides of the U.S. political spectrum-suggested that commentators, looking to respond to him, were actually targeting Starbucks. In 2019, the challenge for Starbucks' new CEO was to find a way to tactfully extricate Starbucks from political conversations.

With the acquisition of Rustan Supercenters Inc. (Rustan's) in November 2018, Robinsons Retail Holdings Inc. (Robinsons) had become one of the top retailers in the Philippines, with over 1,800 stores. Although the acquisition brought Rustan's network of more than 80 stores, located largely in Metropolitan Manila, under the Robinsons umbrella, the multiformat retail giant could not use the trademark and trade name "Rustan's" without the Tantoco family's approval. This case assesses the Robinsons brand and the retailer's possible post-acquisition growth strategies. It also discusses the benefits and risks associated with this acquisition, the possible brand-transition options available to Robinsons, and whether this trend-reversal strategy will provide the retailer with a competitive edge.

Joyous Group Holdings, a small and medium enterprise, provides photography, portraiture services and regalia rental for graduation events in Singapore. It competes against more established players in a market that appears to have limited growth. While competition in this market appears stable, headwinds are brewing in the horizon on multiple fronts. How can Joyous Group Holdings navigate an increasingly digital environment and grow its business in the age of wefies, selfies, and instant mementos? This case challenges readers to assess the external environment and capabilities of Joyous Group Holdings so as to recommend strategic actions to achieve growth.

This case teaches students the importance of maintaining a strong FICO score by illustrating the consequences of paying bills late or not at all. The protagonist is David Molina, a waiter at a struggling Italian restaurant located down the block from where he lives. Money is tight for Molina right now-his limited income means he lives paycheck to paycheck. However, Molina knows things will be looking up for him soon because he recently accepted a job as a bank teller across town-his first desk job. Molina has been putting off paying two of his bills: a cable bill and his Bank of America credit card bill, both of which are late and have been issued, this time, in the form of threats to impact Molina's credit score if he doesn't pay them. He has just enough money to afford the minimum payments on each overdue bill. But then he receives a phone call from his friend, Jim Lindsey, reminding him about an invitation to go to Myrtle Beach for the upcoming weekend. Molina knows he cannot afford it, but a woman he's attracted to, Jessica, will be there too. Should Molina put off the bills yet again, and if so, how exactly will being late on them hurt his credit score?

This case describes the growth of Glenn Defense Marine Asia (GDMA) under the leadership of Leonard Glenn Francis. GDMA provided ship husbanding and logistical support services to the United States Navy when Navy ships visited various ports in Southeast Asia. The case details the role of ship husbanding in U.S. Navy operations and the contracting process for procuring ship husbanding services. In order to help win contracts, Francis developed relationships with an extensive network of U.S. Navy officers, often by treating them to lavish meals and luxury accommodations during port visits. He used this network of contacts to acquire confidential information about U.S. Navy ship operations and port visits, giving GDMA an advantage in bidding for contracts. The case relates how Francis and GDMA came under investigation for these tactics and allows for discussion of whether these tactics were potentially illegal and/or unethical. The (A) case concludes with Francis' arrest by U.S. authorities. The (B) case describes the aftermath of Francis' arrest, including the prosecution and sentencing of his co-conspirators and the termination of U.S. Navy contracts with GDMA. The (B) case further describes a U.S. Navy audit of contracting practices and changes implemented to prevent future unethical or corrupt contracting as had occurred on a widespread basis between GDMA and the U.S. Navy. This case supports a discussion of internal control practices to contain risk of fraud and misconduct.

In April 2019, Manoj Badale and Charles Mindenhall, co-founders of Blenheim Chalcot, were contemplating how they might go about developing their portfolio. Since founding the company as an internet consultancy called netdecisions in 1998, Badale and Mindenhall had transformed Blenheim Chalcot into the United Kingdom's "leading digital venture builder," having successfully built, and, in 15 instances, exited, 42 businesses across a number of sectors, including technology, financial services, sport, media, property, and education. In 2018, Blenheim Chalcot had portfolio sales of over £350 million and employed over 3,000 people. Unlike a traditional venture capital firm, Blenheim Chalcot was a "venture builder," often developing its own ideas then bringing in and supporting entrepreneurs with a range of services and support, and funding them in return for a majority equity stake (typically 80-90%). The idea was to increase the probability of success by allowing the entrepreneurs and their teams to spend less time fundraising and dealing with time consuming tasks, such as property, recruitment, legal set up, and gaining access to a client network. This enabled the entrepreneur to focus more on product and customers. The downside of this approach was that the growth of the group was somewhat constrained by the founders' own capital and their access to co-investment funds. As Badale and Mindenhall contemplated the future, they were asking themselves how they could best develop their ecosystem for building innovative businesses. In October 2018, they had opened an office in New York. They were also partnering with Imperial College London to open a 200,000 square-foot tech and innovation campus in early 2020. Should they continue on their current track? Or, should they be bolder, perhaps going public, adding new sectors, more businesses, bigger opportunities, and expanding into new geographic markets?

Vaccines for children has been a long-standing focus for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and their critical role in public health made their production an important economic and political issue. This case describes the Foundation's investment in a breakthrough vaccine manufacturing platform for the Sabin inactivated polio virus. While the new technology promised a much lower cost per dose, it also raised questions about the consequences of lowering entry barriers to vaccine production, as maintaining high quality and production standards, a strong regulatory environment were critical to protecting the integrity of the vaccine supply. The new technology also threatened to encourage more developed country vaccine manufacturers to exit the market, not an outcome the Foundation was hoping for, as they possessed the capabilities and resources to invest in future developments. It raises the question of whether vaccines are a public good, and who should be responsible for their production.

The consulting field, with its variety of different experiences and scenarios, often presents numerous challenges and conflicts for those involved. These vignettes, some based on actual situations, present a number of dilemmas in which the protagonists must determine the right course of action, often when that is not easily identifiable. These vignettes identify situations in which one's values, ethical judgment, and sense of fairness might be tested and where the road to a good resolution might not always be clear.

A sound internal control system does not only help organizations satisfy their legal and compliance obligations. It also provides assurance that an organization can achieve its objectives and reduce financial losses through timely response to internal and external risks, failures and weaknesses. This case walks through the whole process of how consultants review the internal control system of an organization in practice, from understanding client's needs and setting project objectives, defining the scope of the review, evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of the controls, to identifying and remediating control deficiencies.

In December 2010, Shridhar Sethuram was evaluating an investment in a joint development of residential flats in Gachibowli, an information and technology (IT) hub near the city of Hyderabad in central India. Sethuram and his team at AMII Advisors, a private equity (PE) investment firm, had recently raised US$170 million with a mandate to invest the funds in the real estate market in India. Sethuram, on behalf of his investment firm, had to decide whether to invest in the Gachibowli project and how to structure the investment deal. This case is written from the perspective of a decision maker at a private equity investment fund. It provides a look at the manner in which a private equity real estate fund evaluates an opportunity and structures a real estate investment in a developing country. The case is set in India, where a large corpus of capital sourced from the US has been deployed since the early 2000s.

An investment analyst at a fictional wealth fund (SWF) is concentrating on India's high-growth, high-potential fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector and selects a few strong performers in both public and private markets to recommend to the management as an investment. The Indian FMCG sector has been trading at high market multiples compared to other sectors, and thus, he also needs to analyze if these high valuation levels are justified. In valuing Patanjali, a privately-held company that is a very strong performer with an unusually rapid growth trajectory, he needs to factor in both tangible and intangible information, giving special attention to the company's unusual origins and atypical management.

This case covers the initial public offering (IPO) of the Siemens AG subsidiary Healthineers. The case offers the opportunity to discuss IPOs and to value the company. In contrast to "Healthineers: A Strategic IPO" (UV7866), which provides some base case valuation analysis, this version of the case is designed to be used when a primary teaching objective is to have students perform more of the analysis. The material is set in 2018, when CEO Joe Kaeser and the management board of Siemens planned an IPO of its Healthineers subsidiary to support the company's continued success and spur entrepreneurial independence. The IPO would position Healthineers to compete successfully in the global health care market, which was quite different from other sectors in which Siemens, a global technology conglomerate, operated. While Siemens would maintain a substantial equity interest, Healthineers would become a separate public company with increased flexibility and autonomy. In the immediate term, the management team was especially interested in what value financial markets would place on Healthineers once it was a public company.

In 2014, the Internet of things (IoT) was still considered in its infancy stage. Over the next two years, the IoT matured and represented a considerable amount of uncertainty for the entire electronics industry. In 2016, the industry was at an inflection point regarding the technology, and its largest competitors had to make a choice: risk investing in research and development for a potential return (or failure), or stay the course and let competitors assume the risk. The chief executive officer of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. (Samsung), Boo-Keun Yoon, was in a position to take a stand in regard to the IoT and invest US$1.2 billion, which could have a major impact on the company's future. It was up to Yoon to decide.

As recently as 2017, General Electric (GE) had been touted as an example of how established companies could pre-emptively transform their businesses digitally, without waiting to be forced to do so by their competition. But in 2018, the wheels appeared to fall off GE's transformation, amid a crisis that included leadership changes, dividend cuts, credit downgrades, and a stock price crash. The company announced that it would sell GE Digital, the newly built-up organization at the heart of its celebrated transformation. This case examines the digital transformation that GE had been attempting and the challenges it encountered. Students will develop ideas about what happened and what GE's experience means for digital transformation initiatives within other established firms.

The first Freshippo store opened in Shanghai, China in January 2016. It was not until nine months later that the second store was opened. However, from that point on, Freshippo stepped up its nationwide expansion by opening a new store every six days, on average. By June 2018, Freshippo owned 46 stores in 13 cities and had set a target of operating over 100 stores by the end of 2018. When entering a Freshippo store, customers not only saw an array of fresh produce that reminded them that they were in a supermarket, but they also saw food being prepared, people dining, and meals being packaged and sorted in bags for customers to pick up and take home to eat. Although the number of services were impressive, flaws had started to surface in the evolution of Freshippo's business model, such as store management issues, poor service, and long wait times for food preparation. Freshippo had to make some decisions regarding expanding and exploring new business models, or instead resolving problems and making improvements. Which option was a higher priority?

In August 2018, MoviePass, a New York City-based movie ticket subscription service, faced an acute cash crisis that threatened its ability to continue in business. The company had disrupted the movie exhibition industry by offering movie tickets at a discounted monthly subscription price. Despite having quickly grown its subscription base to 3.2 million, it faced several challenges. The company had cash to survive for only the next two months, and a competitor was pushing its own subscription service. As a disruptor in the newly emerging subscription economy, MoviePass faced an existential crisis. How could the chief executive officer and his team increase MoviePass's subscription base and turn the company's first-mover and wider-network advantages into greater profitability-before the company ran out of capital?

By 2018, NIO Inc. was more than just a car company. By providing high-performance smart electric vehicles and the ultimate user experience, NIO had shown its commitment to creating a pleasant lifestyle for its users and creating a worldwide "user brand." Based on mobile Internet thinking, NIO created its own unique business model with the user experience at its core. Unlike Tesla Inc., NIO took only four years from its inception to its launch, while Tesla spent about seven years to achieve this. While NIO and Tesla were often equated, NIO's founder, Ben Li, specifically differentiated NIO from Tesla with his powerful statement that "becoming the world's most user-satisfied company is more important than revenue." To achieve this great value proposal, NIO had to develop its own business model.

Nigel Le Quesne, CEO of Jersey-based financial services firm JTC, firmly believed that "shared ownership" was at the heart of his company's successful track record. The firm had seen its revenues, profits, and number of clients and staff grow steadily throughout its over 30-year history, and management attributed much of its competitive edge to its culture in which engaged employee owners had fully aligned interests and collaborated for the greater good of the firm. Le Quesne had seeded the first employee benefit trust with some of his own equity when becoming CEO in 1998, making all employees-from the receptionists to top executives-direct shareholders in the firm. Over time, the employee owned equity had grown from 5% to 23% and the trusts created significant value that had already been directly distributed to employees in two past pay-out events. In 2018, after JTC's successful IPO, Le Quesne and his leadership team have to decide if and how to adjust the shared ownership tools to their new public markets environment.